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临床表葡菌gyrA、gyrB、grlA和grlB基因突变与其对环丙沙星耐药性的关系 被引量:2
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作者 李乾学 邓旭明 +1 位作者 王晓锋 于录 《中国抗生素杂志》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2006年第9期546-548,共3页
用平皿二倍稀释法测定18株表葡菌对环丙沙星的MIC(0.125~128μg/ml)。分别针对表葡菌中gyrA、gyrB、grlA、grlB等四种基因进行引物设计与合成,提取基因组DNA,PCR扩增,对PCR产物进行克隆、鉴定并测序,用DNASIS软件分析测序结果。在表葡... 用平皿二倍稀释法测定18株表葡菌对环丙沙星的MIC(0.125~128μg/ml)。分别针对表葡菌中gyrA、gyrB、grlA、grlB等四种基因进行引物设计与合成,提取基因组DNA,PCR扩增,对PCR产物进行克隆、鉴定并测序,用DNASIS软件分析测序结果。在表葡菌的GrlA中,只有Ser80→Phe、Ser80→Tyr或Asp84→Asn、Asp84→Ala、Asp84→Tyr的改变。在GyrA中,存在Ser84→Tyr、ser84→Phe、Glu88→Lys的改变;在任一株表葡菌中未见有gyrB或grlB的突变。在被检测的18株临床分离表葡菌中有3个分离株对环丙沙星的MICs≤0.5μg/ml,在GyrA或GrlA的决定区没有变化。对环丙沙星的MICs≥2μg/ml的15个分离株中,GyrA中有Ser84和Glu88及GrlA中的Ser80和Asp84的氨基酸改变。1株MIC为2μg/ml的GrlA中发生一个氨基酸改变,而GyrA中无变化。说明拓朴异构酶IV可能是环丙沙星作用于表葡菌的首要靶位酶。在高水平耐药株中,在GrlA和GyrA中均存在多位点的突变,提示耐药水平的高低与GrlA、GyrA位点的突变直接相关。 展开更多
关键词 表葡菌 基因突变 环丙沙星 耐药性
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临床表葡菌耐药性和氟喹诺酮类药物外排检测研究
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作者 李乾学 邓旭明 +2 位作者 王晓锋 于录 栾新红 《中国抗生素杂志》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2005年第5期295-298,共4页
分离鉴定临床表葡菌126株,通过Kirby-Bauer法和平皿二倍稀释法测定了126株临床分离表皮葡萄球菌对13种抗菌药物(甲氧西林、卡那霉素、庆大霉素、氨苄西林、四环素、红霉素、克林霉素、磺胺甲口恶唑/甲氧苄啶、利福平、头孢曲松、头孢噻... 分离鉴定临床表葡菌126株,通过Kirby-Bauer法和平皿二倍稀释法测定了126株临床分离表皮葡萄球菌对13种抗菌药物(甲氧西林、卡那霉素、庆大霉素、氨苄西林、四环素、红霉素、克林霉素、磺胺甲口恶唑/甲氧苄啶、利福平、头孢曲松、头孢噻肟、头孢唑林、万古霉素)的耐药水平及78株表葡菌对13种抗菌药物的耐药谱。126株表葡菌中甲氧西林耐药菌(MRSE)为79株,占62.7%。万古霉素对MRSE和MSSE的作用最好,抑菌率均为100%,利福平对MRSE的抑菌作用也较强,抑菌率为83.5%,其次是卡那霉素、四环素和磺胺甲口恶唑/甲氧苄啶。采用平皿二倍稀释法测定78株表葡菌(从126株菌随意挑选)对4种氟喹诺酮类药物(诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星、环丙沙星和司帕沙星)的耐药水平及交叉耐药性。78株表葡菌中,对环丙沙星耐药25株(32.05%);对诺氟沙星耐药34株(43.59%);对氧氟沙星耐药22株(28.21%);对司帕沙星耐药16株(20.51%)。且菌株对此4种药物存在高度交叉耐药性;16株表葡菌在加入利舍平后MIC变小,说明外排泵介导的氟喹诺酮耐药机制普遍存在于临床分离的表葡菌中。但菌株SE7、SE9、SE68的MIC在加入利舍平后增大。说明这些菌株中除主动外排耐药机制外,还存在着其它耐药机制。 展开更多
关键词 表葡菌 耐药性 氟喹诺酮类药物 外排泵
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临床药师参与腹膜炎药物治疗的实践与分析 被引量:1
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作者 李红月 罗朝利 毛新桂 《中国医院用药评价与分析》 2009年第7期495-496,共2页
目的:通过临床药师参与持续非卧床腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎的治疗,以利于有效控制患者耐甲氧西林表葡菌感染。方法:根据患者的病情变化,与临床医生共同协商,制订针对性的治疗方案并随时修正。结果:经过抗感染治疗,有效地控制了患者的感染... 目的:通过临床药师参与持续非卧床腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎的治疗,以利于有效控制患者耐甲氧西林表葡菌感染。方法:根据患者的病情变化,与临床医生共同协商,制订针对性的治疗方案并随时修正。结果:经过抗感染治疗,有效地控制了患者的感染。结论:临床药师参与临床治疗实践,有利于提高临床药物治疗水平。 展开更多
关键词 腹膜炎 耐甲氧西林表葡菌 临床药师
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瓣膜术后心内膜炎应选用何种抗生素
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作者 杨孟华 《中国药理学通报》 CAS 1988年第1期60-60,共1页
人工瓣膜术后心内膜炎中约三分之一为表葡菌所引起,多在瓣膜置换术后一年内发病。表葡菌亦是医院内感染的重要致病菌。该菌对多种抗菌药物呈高度耐药,而且常规使用耐酶青霉素类及第一代头孢菌素往往不能奏效。因此。
关键词 心内膜炎 心内膜疾病 抗生素 万古霉素 表葡菌
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传染病
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《中国中西医结合儿科学》 1989年第6期331-335,共5页
891552 甲氰咪呱治疗水痘/李纯…∥山西医药杂志。-1989,18(4)。-242 本组34例,随机分为两组,每组17例。治疗组:甲氰咪呱10~20 mg/kg,分4次口服,有继发感染者加用青霉素。对照组:对症治疗或板兰根冲剂加青霉素。结果:治疗组用药后1~2... 891552 甲氰咪呱治疗水痘/李纯…∥山西医药杂志。-1989,18(4)。-242 本组34例,随机分为两组,每组17例。治疗组:甲氰咪呱10~20 mg/kg,分4次口服,有继发感染者加用青霉素。对照组:对症治疗或板兰根冲剂加青霉素。结果:治疗组用药后1~2天体温降至正常,用药后1天不再出现新皮疹,缩短病程5~10天。对照组体温2~4天降至正常,治疗后仍有新出现的斑疹、丘疹。用甲氰咪呱治疗后,明显阻断自然病理过程,与于扰素治疗水痘疗效相同,甲氰咪呱价廉,可为首选药物。参4(周良彦) 展开更多
关键词 甲氰咪呱 山西医药杂志 唾液腺肿大 继发感染 腮腺肿大 表葡菌败血症 恢复期血清 听诊呼吸音 药敏试验 萄球凝固酶
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Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Evaluation of the Aqueous Extracts of Ammoides verticillata, an Endemic Species
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作者 Oumessaad Toubal Abdelghani Djahoudi +1 位作者 Cherifa Henchiri Mohamed Bouazza 《Journal of Life Sciences》 2012年第3期243-247,共5页
Ammoides verticillata (Desf.) Briq. is an Algerian endemic species; the phytochemical screening (methods of Harborne, 1973) of the aerials parts wealth in polyphenol compounds: flavonoids, saponins, leucoanthocya... Ammoides verticillata (Desf.) Briq. is an Algerian endemic species; the phytochemical screening (methods of Harborne, 1973) of the aerials parts wealth in polyphenol compounds: flavonoids, saponins, leucoanthocyanes, terpens and steroids and tannins; there is no alkaloids. There is an important quantity of essential oils in the flowers; the interest of this study is that this species remains until then it is not very known. The results of Aromatogram method by incorporation of Mtiller-Hinton on solid medium, showed a significant antimicrobial activity (method of Duraffourd, 1987) of the infusion and the ethanolic extract; the infusion of stems and flowers is indeed much more active on Echerichia coli, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Staph aureus and Staph epidermidis, such as flowers extracts demonstrate an important antimicrobial activity on Staph aureus, Staph epidermidis, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter recognized as antibiotic resistant. This could give opportunities for using this species in the treatment of diverse infections and as a disinfecting additive on nosocomial area. The valorization, preservation and sustainable use ofAmmoides verticillata require the protection of its habitats. 展开更多
关键词 Ammoides verticillata aqueous extracts phytochemical screening antimicrobial activity disinfection.
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Optimization of cultural conditions for thermostable β-1,3-1,4-glucanase production by Bacillus subtilis ZJF-1A5 被引量:5
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作者 何国庆 汤兴俊 +1 位作者 MUKHTARA.M.Ali 陈启和 《Journal of Zhejiang University Science》 EI CSCD 2003年第6期719-726,共8页
The optimization of cultural conditions for β glucanase production by Bacillus subtilis ZJF 1A5 was investigated in flask trials. Temperature had great effect on β glucanase production which maximized... The optimization of cultural conditions for β glucanase production by Bacillus subtilis ZJF 1A5 was investigated in flask trials. Temperature had great effect on β glucanase production which maximized at optimal temperature of 37℃ and decreased significantly when temperature was over 37℃.Charge quantity affected β glucanase production significantly. Adding oxygen vector N dodecane or acetic ether benefited β glucanase production, but it depended on the concentration and charge quantity. The results of fractional factorial design showed that age and size of inoculum and shaking speed were the key factors affecting β glucanase production and the cultivation time span to reach the highest β glucanase activity. The optimal cultural conditions for β glucanase production obtained with CCD were as follows: inoculum age and size (16 h, 3.82%(v/v)), shaking speed 210 r/min, charge quantity of 30 mL in 250 mL flask and initial pH 7.0, cultured at 37℃ for 50 h. Repeated experimental results accorded with those predicted by a second order polynomial model. The amount of β glucanase, α amylase and neutral protease produced by B subtilis ZJF 1A5 was associated partially with cell growth. Those three enzymes' activities increased following the cell growth and increased significantly when cells entered the stationary phase. 展开更多
关键词 Β-GLUCANASE Bacillus subtilis OPTIMIZATION Response surface methodology Cultivation conditions
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Comparison and Evaluation of Three Animal Models for Studyingthe Pathogenicity of Staphylococcus epidermidis
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作者 李华林 王勇翔 +3 位作者 陈喆 齐玲 瞿涤 闻玉梅 《Journal of Microbiology and Immunology》 2003年第1期48-52,共5页
In order to compare and evaluate three animal models for studying the pathogenicity of Staphylococcus epidermidis strains, three experimental animal models, namely, murine intra-venous LD 50, mouse foreign body infect... In order to compare and evaluate three animal models for studying the pathogenicity of Staphylococcus epidermidis strains, three experimental animal models, namely, murine intra-venous LD 50, mouse foreign body infection and rat central venous catheter (CVC) infection models were used to assess the relative virulence of two S. epidermidis strains, ATCC 12228 and 97-337. The results from three animal models were comparable, indicating S.epidermidis 97-337 was more virulent than strain ATCC 12228. The rat CVC infection model best mimicked the conditions of clinical patients with intra-venous catheters, and more information could be obtained from this model. We conclude that different in vivo models serve for different purposes, and the rat CVC infection model is most suitable for studying specific characteristics of catheter related infections caused by S. epidermidis strains. 展开更多
关键词 Staphylococcus epidermidis BIOFILM Animal model PATHOGENICITY
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Effect of Natural Surface Secretes of Some Common Ornamental Plants Leaves on Pathogenic Micro-organisms
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作者 Fouad H. Kamel Hero M. Ismael Akhter A. Ahmed 《Journal of Life Sciences》 2012年第12期1387-1390,共4页
This study presents the antimicrobial effect of natural surface secretes of some common ornamental plants leaves (Ficus elastica, Philodendrom bipinnatifidum and Aglonema) against some pathogenic bacteria ( Escheri... This study presents the antimicrobial effect of natural surface secretes of some common ornamental plants leaves (Ficus elastica, Philodendrom bipinnatifidum and Aglonema) against some pathogenic bacteria ( Escherichia coli, P. aeruginosa and Staph. Aureus), and fungi (Microsporum gypseum and Aspergillus flavus). It was concluded that all tested washing water of the plants leaves secretes exhibited various inhibitory effects, both Philodendrom more antibacterial activity than Ficus elastica. While both E. coli and P bipinnatifidum and Aglonema commutatum had exhibited aeruginosa were being more sensitive than Staph. aureus. The same inhibitory effects were observed when the plants leaves inoculated in their surface with pathogenic bacteria. In contrast to bacterial inhibitory effects, the washing water of natural surface secretes of tested ornamental plants leaves induced mycelium growth of both tested fungi. Microsporum gypseum mycelium growth induced more than Aspergillusflavus especially in case of the washing water of Ficus elastic that have highest effects at 7.5/500 mL of medium. This study concluded the uses of ornamental plants for the indoors and outdoors to control the growth of pathogenic microbes and problems associated with hospital. 展开更多
关键词 Omamental plants natural surface secretes ANTIMICROBIAL pathogenic micro-organism.
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Analysis of the Clinical Characteristics and Antibiotics Resistance of Community-acquired Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
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作者 章锐锋 徐志江 王林峰 《Journal of Microbiology and Immunology》 2004年第2期79-82,共4页
The purpose of this investigation is to study the clinical characteristics of infections by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the condition of antibiotics resistance of the clin... The purpose of this investigation is to study the clinical characteristics of infections by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the condition of antibiotics resistance of the clinical isolates in order to guide for the rational use of antibiotics. With the clinical isolates from cases of hospital-acquired MRSA at the same period as controls, the clinical characteristics of infections by community-acquired MRSA in Hangzhou area and the pattern of non-β-lactamase antibiotics resistance were determined in this study. It was found that the average age of patients with community-acquired MRSA infections was 30.89±13.3, in comparison with those of the hospital-acquired patients of 56.0±11.8, appearing to be younger than those of the latter, and the former showing no any basic illness. Both of the former and the latter were sensitive to vancomycin (100% vs 100%), and they had the same degrees of sensitivity to rifampicin, fosfomycin, and STM/TMP (86.8% vs 88.1%, P >0.05; 81.6% vs 82.9%, P >0.05; and 52.6% vs 61.9%, P >0.05, respectively). The former was more sensitive to netimycin, clindamycin, erythromycin and minocycline than those of the latter (73.7% vs 50.5%, P <0.01; 60.5% vs 45.7%, P <0.05; 28.9% vs 11.4%, P <0.01; and 81.6% vs 58.6%, P <0.01 respectively). Meanwhile, the incidence of multi-resistant strain of isolates in the former was significantly lower than that of the latter (31.6% vs 81.0%, P <0.01). In conclusion, it appears that the strains of clinical isolates isolated from patients with the community-acquired MRSA infections show different clinical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility in comparison with those of the hospital-acquired cases of infection, and this necessitates an alteration in the chemotherapy of infections suspected to be caused by community-acquired MRSA. 展开更多
关键词 METHICILLIN-RESISTANT Staphylococcus aureus Community-acquired infection Clinical characteristics Antibiotics resistance
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新生儿败血症血培养时应注意的几个问题
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作者 吴仕孝 《中国实用儿科杂志》 1988年第5期-,共3页
诊断新生儿败血症最重要的实验室依据是严格无菌操作所得的阳性血培养。各种细菌在新生儿均可引起败血症。但在新生儿取血培养时较其他年龄更易污柴。因此。
关键词 血培养 所得 操作 脐血管 导管 木质部 新生儿败血症 表葡菌 血琼脂平板 药敏试验 病原
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拉萨市75例新生儿败血症临床分析
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作者 古薇莎 《中国新生儿科杂志》 CAS 1994年第1期33-33,共1页
关键词 新生儿败血症 表葡菌败血症 临床分析 发病日龄 硬肿症 脐部感染 血培养阳性 化脑 肝大 败血症
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Antimicrobial effect of sodium houttuyfonate on Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans biofilms 被引量:4
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作者 Jing Shao Huijuan Cheng +6 位作者 Daqiang Wu Changzhong Wang Lingling Zhu Zhenxin Sun Qiangjun Duan Weifeng Huang Jinliang Huang 《Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2013年第6期798-803,共6页
OBJECTIVE: To study antimicrobial effect of Sodi- um houttuyfonate (SH) on Staphylococcus epider- midis (SE) and Candida albicans (CA). METHODS: The prepared strain broths (OD600=0.05) containing SE and CA w... OBJECTIVE: To study antimicrobial effect of Sodi- um houttuyfonate (SH) on Staphylococcus epider- midis (SE) and Candida albicans (CA). METHODS: The prepared strain broths (OD600=0.05) containing SE and CA were firstly used to test the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of SH, azithromycin (AZM) and fluconazole (FLU) by mi- cro-dilution method. Then the biofilms of SE and CA were matured in 96-well plates, and co-cultured with SH, AZM and FLU for 1, 2 and 3 days to assess the antibiofilm efficacies of the agents with differ- ent concentrations by crystal violet staining meth- od. At last, the treated biofilms of SE and CA by 2× MIC agents were observed by scanning electronic microscope. RESULTS: The MlCs of SE and CA were 256 and 1024 μg/mL, respectively. After the 1st, 2nd and3rd day of medications, the suppressions of biofilm were about 60% (P〈0.01), 76% (P=0.000) and 75% (P=0.000) by 2×MIC SH, the suppressions of biofilm were about 90% (P=0.000), 88% (P=0.000) and 90% (P=0.000) by 2×MIC SH, which could be testified by scanning electron microscope results. However, the inhibitions of biofilm attachment had no significant difference for SE by SH and azithromycin and CA by SH and fluconazole. CONCLUSION: SH had widely anti-pathogenic ef- fect on pathogenic biofilm formation of either bac- teria or fungus, had more influence on enclosed cells of SE and CA than the traditional antibiotics, revealing its target might be the extracellular poly- meric substances, and was more active to inhibit the growth of CA than SE. 展开更多
关键词 Biofilms Candida albicans Drugs Chi-nese herbal Sodium houttuyfonate Staphylococ-cus epidermidis
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Antimicrobial, anticancer and DNA binding studies of transition metal(Ⅱ)complexes containing 2-phenyl-4-selenazole carboxylic acid 被引量:2
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作者 GUAN QuanYin SHI Xia +1 位作者 SHEN JinBei ZHAO GuoLiang 《Science China Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS 2013年第5期588-594,共7页
Three novel transition metal complexes [ML2(phen)]'H20 (M= Mn, Co, Zn; HL= C10H702NSe, 2-phenyl-4-selenazole carboxylic acid, phen= 1,10-phenanthroline) 1-3 were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysi... Three novel transition metal complexes [ML2(phen)]'H20 (M= Mn, Co, Zn; HL= C10H702NSe, 2-phenyl-4-selenazole carboxylic acid, phen= 1,10-phenanthroline) 1-3 were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra. Their crystal structures were deterimined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The antibacterial activities of the complexes against five species of bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), Staphylococcus aureus (S. au- reus), Acinetobacter baumanii (A. baumanii) and Streptococcus viridans (S. viridans), were tested respectively. The anticancer activities of the complexes against human pancreatic cancer line PANC-28 and human hepatocarcinoma line HuH7 were also studied. The interactions between the complexes and DNA were studied by ethidium bromide (EB) fluorescent probe. 展开更多
关键词 2-phenyl-4-selenazole carboxylic acid transition metal complex antibacterial activity anticancer activity DNA binding
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Preparation and characterization of the anti-virus and anti-bacteria composite air filter materials 被引量:7
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作者 WANG JinMei 《Science China(Technological Sciences)》 SCIE EI CAS 2013年第1期48-52,共5页
The anti-virus and anti-bacteria active components were extracted from some Chinese medicine,such as the honeysuckle,forsythia and the licorice.Using a w/o/w emulsion method,the active components were fabricated to un... The anti-virus and anti-bacteria active components were extracted from some Chinese medicine,such as the honeysuckle,forsythia and the licorice.Using a w/o/w emulsion method,the active components were fabricated to uniform particulate microcapsule with sustained-release properties.The polypropylene punched felt was finished with the finishing agent of microcapsule,nano ZnO and TiO 2 and polymer adhesive,and the composite air filter with anti-virus and anti-bacteria properties were formed,staphylococcus aureus,colibacillus and candida albicans were applied to antibacterial experiments.The results indicate that the anti-bacteria rate are all 100%,and the virus inactivation rate also reaches 100% to pandemic influenza A virus. 展开更多
关键词 MICROCAPSULE NANO Chinese medicine ANTI-VIRUS ANTI-BACTERIA
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Gold nanorods core/AgPt alloy nanodots shell: A novel potent antibacterial nanostructure 被引量:10
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作者 Xiaona Hu Yuyun Zhao +7 位作者 Zhijian Hu Aditya Saran Shuai Hou Tao Wen Wenqi Liu Yinglu Ji Xingyu Jiang Xiaochun Wu 《Nano Research》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2013年第11期822-835,共14页
In the light of the current problems of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in terms of antibacterial performance, we have designed a novel trimetallic corelshell nanostructure with AgPt alloy nanodots epitaxially grown o... In the light of the current problems of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in terms of antibacterial performance, we have designed a novel trimetallic corelshell nanostructure with AgPt alloy nanodots epitaxially grown on gold nanorods (Au@PtAg NRs) as a potential antibacterial agent. Both Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were studied. The antibacterial activity exhibits an obvious composition-dependence. On increasing the Ag fraction in the alloy shell up to 80%, the antibacterial activity gradually increases, demonstrating a flexible way to tune this activity. At 80% Ag, tile antibacterial activity is better than that of a pure Ag shell. The improved antibacterial ability mainly results from the high exposure of silver on the shell surface due to the dot morphology. We thus demonstrate that forming alloys is an effective way to improve antibacterial activity while retaining high chemical stability for Ag-based nanomaterials. Furthermore, due to the tunable localized surface plasmonic response in the near-infrared (NIR) spectral region, additional control over antibacterial activity using light--such as photothermal killing and photo- triggered silver ion release--is expected. As a demonstration, highly enhanced antibacterial activity is shown by utilizing the NIR photothermal effect of the nanostructures. Our results indicate that such tailored nanostructures will find a role in the future fight against bacteria, including the challenge of the increasing severity of multidrug resistance. 展开更多
关键词 AgPt gold nanorods antibacterial activities composition-dependence photothermal effect
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