In the preparation of firing tables, the determination of projectile drag coefficientsthrough firing test radar data reduction is very important. Many methods have been developed for this work but none of them appear ...In the preparation of firing tables, the determination of projectile drag coefficientsthrough firing test radar data reduction is very important. Many methods have been developed for this work but none of them appear to be satisfactory in one Way or another. Inthis paper a multi-spline model of drag coefficient (cd) curve is developed that can guaranteefirst derivative continuity of the cd curve and has good flexibility of fitting accurately to acd curve from subsonic up to supersonic range. Practical firing data reduction tests showboth fast convergence and accurate fitting results. Typical velocity fitting RMS errors are0.05-0.08 m/s.展开更多
Objective To examine whether ischemic preconditioning (IPC) can protect neuron against delayed death in CA1 subfield of hippocampus following reperfusion of a lethal ischemia in rats, and explore the role of p53 and b...Objective To examine whether ischemic preconditioning (IPC) can protect neuron against delayed death in CA1 subfield of hippocampus following reperfusion of a lethal ischemia in rats, and explore the role of p53 and bax in this process. Methods We examined the effect of IPC on delayed neuron death, neuron apoptosis, expressions of p53 and bax gene in the CA1 area of hippocampus in the rats using HE staining, flow cytometry, RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry technique. Results IPC enhanced the quantity of survival cells in the CA1 region of hippocampus (216±9 cells/0.72 mm2 vs. 30±5 cells/0.72 mm2, P<0.01), decreased the percentages of apoptotic neurons of hippocampus caused by ischemia/reperfusion (2.06%±0.21% vs. 4.27%±0.08%, P<0.01), and weakened the expressions of p53 and bax gene of hippocampus compared with ischemia/reperfusion without IPC. Conclusion IPC can protect the neurons in the CA1 region of hippocampus against apoptosis caused by ische- mia/reperfusion, and this process may be related to the reduced expressions of p53 and bax.展开更多
Objective： To discuss strategies and methods of normalization on how to deal with and analyze data for different chips with the combination of statistics, mathematics and bioinformatics in order to find significant d...Objective： To discuss strategies and methods of normalization on how to deal with and analyze data for different chips with the combination of statistics, mathematics and bioinformatics in order to find significant difference genes. Methods： With Excel and SPSS software, high or low density chips were analyzed through total intensity normalization （TIN） and locally weighted linear regression normalization （LWLRN）. Results： These methods effectively reduced systemic errors and made data more comparable and reliable. Conclusion： These methods can search the genes of significant difference, although normalization methods are being developed and need to be improved further. Great breakthrough will be obtained in microarray data normalization analysis and transformation with the development of non-linear technology, software and hardware of computer.展开更多
We utilized a unique culture system to analyze the expression patterns of gene, protein, and cell surface antigen, and the biological process of the related genes in erythroid and myeloid differentiation and switching...We utilized a unique culture system to analyze the expression patterns of gene, protein, and cell surface antigen, and the biological process of the related genes in erythroid and myeloid differentiation and switching of hematopoietic stem cells （HSCs） in response to cytokine alterations. Gene-specific fragments （266） identified from five populations of cytokine-stimulated HSCs were categorized into three groups： （1） expressed specifically in a single cell population; （2） expressed in two cell populations, and （3） expressed in three or more populations. Of 145 defined cDNAs, three （2%） were novel genes. Protein two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry analyses showed overlapped and distinguished protein expression profiles in the cell populations studied. Biological process mapping of mRNAs expressed in erythroid and myeloid lineages indicated that mRNAs shared by both lineages attended ＇core processes,＇ whereas genes specifically expressed in either lineage alone were related to specific processes or cellular maturation. Data from this study support the hypothesis that committed HSCs （El4 or G14） cells can still be redirected to develop into myeloid or erythroid cells when erythropoietin （EPO） is replaced with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor （G-CSF） under erythroid-cultured condition or G-CSF with EPO in myeloid-cultured environment, respectively. Our results suggest that genes or proteins co-expressed in erythroid and myeloid lineages may be essential for the lineage maintenance and switching in hematopoiesis.展开更多
脊椎动物活化的(蛋白)激酶C受体1(receptor for activated C-kinase1,RACK1)在胚胎发育过程中起着至关重要的作用.克隆了RACK1基因在青岛文昌鱼(Branchiostoma belcheri)中的同源基因AmphiRACK1,对其进行了系统的进化学分析,并研究了该...脊椎动物活化的(蛋白)激酶C受体1(receptor for activated C-kinase1,RACK1)在胚胎发育过程中起着至关重要的作用.克隆了RACK1基因在青岛文昌鱼(Branchiostoma belcheri)中的同源基因AmphiRACK1,对其进行了系统的进化学分析,并研究了该基因在正常胚胎发育过程中和经LiCl处理胚胎发育中的时空表达图式.系统进化学分析结果表明,文昌鱼RACK1位于脊椎动物进化枝的基部.在正常胚胎发育中,AmphiRACK1基因在脑泡、神经管和体节中都有明显的表达.在经LiCl处理的胚胎中,该基因在体节中的分节型表达变模糊,表达下调;在脑泡和神经管中的表达下调甚至消失.此外,在成体文昌鱼的轮器、鳃血管、肝盲囊和肠上皮以及精巢中都检测到AmphiRACK1基因不同程度的表达.展开更多
文摘In the preparation of firing tables, the determination of projectile drag coefficientsthrough firing test radar data reduction is very important. Many methods have been developed for this work but none of them appear to be satisfactory in one Way or another. Inthis paper a multi-spline model of drag coefficient (cd) curve is developed that can guaranteefirst derivative continuity of the cd curve and has good flexibility of fitting accurately to acd curve from subsonic up to supersonic range. Practical firing data reduction tests showboth fast convergence and accurate fitting results. Typical velocity fitting RMS errors are0.05-0.08 m/s.
基金Supported by a grant from Shandong Natural Sciences Foundation(Y2005C96).
文摘Objective To examine whether ischemic preconditioning (IPC) can protect neuron against delayed death in CA1 subfield of hippocampus following reperfusion of a lethal ischemia in rats, and explore the role of p53 and bax in this process. Methods We examined the effect of IPC on delayed neuron death, neuron apoptosis, expressions of p53 and bax gene in the CA1 area of hippocampus in the rats using HE staining, flow cytometry, RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry technique. Results IPC enhanced the quantity of survival cells in the CA1 region of hippocampus (216±9 cells/0.72 mm2 vs. 30±5 cells/0.72 mm2, P<0.01), decreased the percentages of apoptotic neurons of hippocampus caused by ischemia/reperfusion (2.06%±0.21% vs. 4.27%±0.08%, P<0.01), and weakened the expressions of p53 and bax gene of hippocampus compared with ischemia/reperfusion without IPC. Conclusion IPC can protect the neurons in the CA1 region of hippocampus against apoptosis caused by ische- mia/reperfusion, and this process may be related to the reduced expressions of p53 and bax.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 60371034)the Scientific Research Foundation of Third Military Medical University(2007XG20)
文摘Objective： To discuss strategies and methods of normalization on how to deal with and analyze data for different chips with the combination of statistics, mathematics and bioinformatics in order to find significant difference genes. Methods： With Excel and SPSS software, high or low density chips were analyzed through total intensity normalization （TIN） and locally weighted linear regression normalization （LWLRN）. Results： These methods effectively reduced systemic errors and made data more comparable and reliable. Conclusion： These methods can search the genes of significant difference, although normalization methods are being developed and need to be improved further. Great breakthrough will be obtained in microarray data normalization analysis and transformation with the development of non-linear technology, software and hardware of computer.
文摘We utilized a unique culture system to analyze the expression patterns of gene, protein, and cell surface antigen, and the biological process of the related genes in erythroid and myeloid differentiation and switching of hematopoietic stem cells （HSCs） in response to cytokine alterations. Gene-specific fragments （266） identified from five populations of cytokine-stimulated HSCs were categorized into three groups： （1） expressed specifically in a single cell population; （2） expressed in two cell populations, and （3） expressed in three or more populations. Of 145 defined cDNAs, three （2%） were novel genes. Protein two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry analyses showed overlapped and distinguished protein expression profiles in the cell populations studied. Biological process mapping of mRNAs expressed in erythroid and myeloid lineages indicated that mRNAs shared by both lineages attended ＇core processes,＇ whereas genes specifically expressed in either lineage alone were related to specific processes or cellular maturation. Data from this study support the hypothesis that committed HSCs （El4 or G14） cells can still be redirected to develop into myeloid or erythroid cells when erythropoietin （EPO） is replaced with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor （G-CSF） under erythroid-cultured condition or G-CSF with EPO in myeloid-cultured environment, respectively. Our results suggest that genes or proteins co-expressed in erythroid and myeloid lineages may be essential for the lineage maintenance and switching in hematopoiesis.
文摘脊椎动物活化的(蛋白)激酶C受体1(receptor for activated C-kinase1,RACK1)在胚胎发育过程中起着至关重要的作用.克隆了RACK1基因在青岛文昌鱼(Branchiostoma belcheri)中的同源基因AmphiRACK1,对其进行了系统的进化学分析,并研究了该基因在正常胚胎发育过程中和经LiCl处理胚胎发育中的时空表达图式.系统进化学分析结果表明,文昌鱼RACK1位于脊椎动物进化枝的基部.在正常胚胎发育中,AmphiRACK1基因在脑泡、神经管和体节中都有明显的表达.在经LiCl处理的胚胎中,该基因在体节中的分节型表达变模糊,表达下调;在脑泡和神经管中的表达下调甚至消失.此外,在成体文昌鱼的轮器、鳃血管、肝盲囊和肠上皮以及精巢中都检测到AmphiRACK1基因不同程度的表达.
