小学生口语表达环境与紧张情况的相关分析

小学生口语表达能力是世界各国学校都非常重视的教育内容,很多国家都形成了独立的小学口语表达课程体系及评价标准。目前,在我国,小学生口语表达的表现性评价已经成为部分地区小学学业质量监测的重要内容。在监测中发现,有一定比例的学生存在口语表达紧张情况。因此,本研究将小学生的口语表达环境与紧张情况进行相关分析,对学生出现紧张情况的原因进行挖掘,并提出相应的改进策略。

果蝇发育中细胞决定和分化与基因表达环境

胚胎发育是个程序化的,复杂而有趣的生命现象。在胚胎发育中,不同细胞的分化和其 功能由基因决定,受到核内遗传物质的控制。而细胞的决定和分化则是在不同的细胞质对细胞核的不断作用下,才能逐步进行。核质之间的相互作用先建立特定的基因表达状态,从而选择性表达发育调控基因或分化基因。发育调控基因产物一旦进入胞质,就可改变原来的基因表达环境,使细胞核进入新的基因表达状态,选择表达新的发育调控基因。如果新的发育调控基因的产物再影响细胞核,改变原来的基因表达状态,其它的发育调控基因的表达就可使胚胎细胞进一步分化。在发育过程中,细胞质和细胞核的这个相互作用不断进行,使控制发育程序的不同基因群在特定的时空中表达,受精卵分裂产生的子细胞才能不断决定和逐步分化,最后形成组成个体所必须的各种细胞类型。

农民环境权益表达中的媒介类型学

传统的农民环境权益表达媒介表现为熟人社会中的关系网络,依附于经济的迅速发展,传统媒体开始涌入农村,电视、报纸和其他媒体被不断运用到环境权益表达中。最近几年,在农村地区,新媒体不断发展,特别是以互联网为代表的网络媒体的兴起,促使农民在环境权益表达中更多的偏爱于使用新型媒体,如今人们使用的媒介越来越多元化。作为农民在环境权益表达中的媒介有其自身的优点以及不可避免的缺陷。

中国共产党环境政治话语表达形态的百年变迁——基于历史制度主义视角的分析

环境政治话语主要用于表达国家与维持其生存的自然环境基础之间适当关系的政治认知、体验和感悟。基于历史制度主义的分析范式,从历史观的维度,按照时间脉络梳理中国共产党环境政治话语表达形态的演进历程,其大致经过潜在性表达、抽象化表达、具象化表达和系统化表达四个阶段,各个阶段的环境政治话语之间既有继承又有发展。经过持续探索,环境政治话语表达在概念范畴上不断探求内核与语境的契合,在叙事逻辑上不断提升阐释方法与技巧,在话语立场上趋向于增强生态文明建设的国际话语权,在"破"与"立"的过程中推动了中国共产党环境政治话语体系的创新。

论当下科学技术对室内环境设计艺术性表达的重要性:以苏州博物馆为例

科学技术的发展带来更加先进的技术和更加丰富的材料,使室内环境设计的媒介变得更加宽广,新技术、新材料的应用让室内环境设计艺术性表达更加多样化。本文通过苏州博物馆内的设计为例,分析当下科学技术如何影响苏州博物馆室内环境设计,体现当下科学技术对室内室内环境设计艺术性表达的重要性。

一种融合网络和三维网格的多层次可通行环境表示法

建筑物内的应急疏散研究对于减少灾害发生时的人员伤亡具有重要意义,为达这一目标,需要采用合理的方式对建筑物内的可通行空间进行表达。该文总结现有各种建筑物内可通行空间表达方案的优缺点,提出一种融合传统方案特点的新多尺度可通行信息表达方案,并指出下一步的研究目标。

聚焦数学表达,促幼小科学衔接

一年级是学生系统学习数学的开始,也是语言表达能力发展的重要阶段。教师应及时抓住这一幼小衔接的关键时期,为学生创设数学表达环境,搭建数学表达支架,有意识地引导学生使用科学规范的数学语言,帮助学生更好地适应小学生活,顺利且科学地从幼儿园过渡到小学,也为长远的数学学习做好准备。

如何发展幼儿的语言表达能力

爱因斯坦曾经说过：＂一个人的智力发展和形成概念的方法,很大程度上是取决于语言的。＂幼儿的语言表达相较年龄更大的群体而言是存在着一定障碍的。早期的语言发育是一种以＂微笑和咿咿呀呀＂为代表的不成熟的语言表达方式。幼儿要想释放心中所思,必须通过语言了解世界,感知世界、释义世界;通过语言将直观摄取的形象思维发展到概括性想象,进而将该想象冠之以外界教授的具体实物,从而＂出声＂表达自己对某事物的认识。由此可知,幼儿期是语言发展的黄金时期。幼儿只有真正学会了表达心中的所欲所想,才能扩大自己的社交圈,才能更好地获取新知。一个人的家教、行为品质、知识水平、思想涵养往往可以从他语气、语调、语速、用词上体现而出。因此,提高幼儿的语言表达能力是幼教从业人员的工作重点所在。本文旨在探讨发展幼儿语言表达能力的有效措施。

Advances in the Regulation of RpoS Protein Expression and Its Function in Bacteria

RpoS protein is a σ factor of RNA polymerase that can control the expression of a group-specific gene, thus playing a vital role in bacteria. In bacteria, RpoS expression is under strict control and is mainly regulated at three levels： transcription level, translation level and post-translational level. Environmental stress enters bacterial cells through signal transduction and leads to a series of variations in microenvironment, thereby causing changes of regulator and controlling its levels based on the direct and indirect interaction between regulator and RpoS protein. In addition, RpoS protein has played special roles in bacteria, therefore the changes of RpoS protein levels will lead to variations in expression levels of a large number of genes, thereby causing variations of bacterial response to different environmental stress and changes of certain characteristics of bacteria, which provides a new strategy for the control of bacterial diseases in the future. This paper reviewed the recent progress on the regulation of RpoS protein expression and its function in several common bacteria. Due to the functional complexity of RpoS protein, there are still a lot of unknown functions to be further identified.

农村高中英语课堂破冰小演说的研究

培养高中学生具有良好的口语交际能力,既是社会发展的需要,也是他们自身发展的需要。社会交往的频繁,生活节奏的加快,又对人们的口语交际能力提出了更高的要求。因此,培养高中学生英语口语交际能力十分重要。口语能力的培养是英语教学中最重要也是最困难的,而说英语的"机会"与"环境"是影响英语口语能力提高最突出的因素。但是,由于目前高中英语课堂教学任务重,班级规模大,口语训练的人均时间还是受到了极大的限制,口语质量难以很好地得到保证。尤其是农村中学,"哑巴英语"已经成为教学一大难题。新课标提倡任务型教学模式,强调高中英语教学应该着重培养学生在人际交往中得体地使用英语的能力。这就要求英语教学工作者在平时的教育工作中注重口语训练。

Identification and characterization of new plant microRNAs using EST analysis

Seventy-five previously known plant microRNAs (miRNAs) were classified into 14 families according to their gene sequence identity. A total of 18,694 plant expressed sequence tags (EST) were found in the GenBank EST databases by comparing all previously known Arabidopsis miRNAs to GenBank’s plant EST databases with BLAST algorithms. After removing the EST sequences with high numbers (more than 2) of mismatched nucleotides, a total of 812 EST contigs were identified. After predicting and scoring the RNA secondary structure of the 812 EST sequences using mFold software, 338 new potential miRNAs were identified in 60 plant species. miRNAs are widespread. Some microRNAs may highly conserve in the plant kingdom, and they may have the same ancestor in very early evolution. There is no nucleotide substitution in most miRNAs among many plant species. Some of the new identified potential miRNAs may be induced and regulated by environmental biotic and abiotic stresses. Some may be preferentially expressed in specific tissues, and are regulated by developmental switching. These findings suggest that EST analysis is a good alternative strategy for identifying new miRNA candidates, their targets, and other genes. A large number of miRNAs exist in different plant species and play important roles in plant developmental switching and plant responses to environmental abiotic and biotic stresses as well as signal transduction. Environmental stresses and developmental switching may be the signals for synthesis and regulation of miRNAs in plants. A model for miRNA induction and expression, and gene regulation by miRNA is hypothesized.

Expression profiles of two small heat shock proteins and antioxidant enzyme activity in Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to cadmium at environmentally relevant concentrations

Small heat shock proteins encompass a widespread but diverse class of proteins, which play key roles in protecting organisms from various stressors. In the present study, the full-length cDNAs of two small heat shock proteins （MgsHSP22 and MgsHSP24.1） were cloned from Mytilus galloprovincialis, which encoded peptides of 181 and 247 amino acids, respectively. Both MgsHSP22 and MgsHSP24.1 were detected in all tissues examined by real-time PCR, with the highest expression being observed in muscle and gonad tissues. The real-time PCR results revealed that Cd significantly inhibited MgsHSP22 expression at 24 h and MgsHSP24.1 at 24 and 48 h under 5 ug/L Cd2＋ exposure. MgsHSP24.1 expression was also significantly inhibited after 50 ug/L Cd2＋ exposure for 48 h. With regard to antioxidant enzymes, increased GPx and CAT activity were detected under Cd2＋ stress （5 and 50 ug/L）, while no significant difference in SOD activity was observed throughout the experiment. Overall, both MgsHsps and antioxidant enzymes revealed their potential as Cd stress biomarkers in M. galloprovincialis.

Candidate genes of hypertension with defective environmental expression

Previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that the thermosensitivity locus cosegregates with blood pressure and that the elevated expression and restriction fragment length polymorphism of HSP70 gene are associ-ated with hypertension. Cell protection against environ-mental stressors such as heat and chemicals is often accom-panied by up-regulated expression of a wide spectrum of heat sliock genes(HSP). To further investigate the interre-lation between HSP expression and blood pressure regulation, we employed an effective method of cloning 2 poten-tial hypertension-related HSPs. Synthetic oligonucleotides corresponding either to a higbly-conserved region of the known HSP family or a repetitive sequence in the protein- encoding gene were used as target primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). cDNA prepared from heat-stressed and non-stressed vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) of Brown Norway rats (BN.1x) and spontaneously hyperten-sive rats (SHRp) respectively served as template in the reaction. The PCR products were subsequently analyzed in a single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) electrophoresing system. Differential gene expression in BN.1x and SHRp was seen on autoradiographs of SSCP gel by comparing the migration patterns of PCR-amplified DNA fragments. Using this technique, we also found that HSP27 and a new member of the large HSP gene family were differentially expressed in BN.1x and SHRp VSMC.

VOICE ACTIVITY DETECTION UNDER RAYLEIGH DISTRIBUTION

This paper presents an improved Voice Activity Detection （VAD） algorithm which uses the Signal-to-Noise Ratio （SNR） measure. We assume that noise Power Spectral Density （PSD） in each spectral bin follows a Rayleigh distribution. Rayleigh distributions with its asymmetric tail characteristics give a better description of the noise PSD distribution than Gaussian distribution. Under this asstlmption, a new threshold updating expression is derived. Since the analytical integral of the false alarm probability, the threshold updating expression can be represented without the inverse complementary error function and low computational complexity is achieved in our system. Experimental results show that the proposed VAD outperforms or at least is comparable with the VAD scheme presented by Davis under several noise environments and has a lower computational complexity.

Expression pattern of GATA-1,-2 and-3 genes in leukemic bone marrow microenvironment

Objective： The aim of the study was to investigate the expression pattern of hematopoietic transcription factor GATA-1, -2 and -3 genes in leukemic bone marrow （BM） micreenvironment [including bone marrow stremal cells （BMSCs） and BM hematopoietic cells]. Methods： Mononuclear cells were isolated from BM of patients with acute myeloid leukemia （AML）, chronic myelogenous leukemia （CML）, or acute lymphoblasUc leukemia （ALL）. Adherent cells （BMSCs） and nonadherent ceils （BM hematopoietic cells） were collected after long-term culture in vitro. The semi-quantitative expression levels of GATA genes in the BMSCs or BM hematopoietic cells from patients with leukemia were analyzed by using RT-PCR-ELISA and com- pared with normal controls. Results： The expression level of GATA-1 gene in the BMSCs from CML group was significantly lower than that of the normal controls. The expression level of GATA-3 gene in the BMSCs from ALL was higher than that of the normal controls, but that from CML was lower than the normal controls. Dominant expression of GATA-3 gene was found in the normal BM hematopoietic cells. The dominant expression of GATA-2 gene was found in the normal BMSCs and the BMSCs from CML, whereas the dominant expression of GATA-3 gene was detected in the BMSCs from AML. Conclusion： GATA-1, -2 and -3 genes might play a role in hematopoiesis regulation in leukemia, and the changes of expression pattern of GATA genes might influence the hematopoiesis in BM microenvironment and relate to the pathogenesis and development of leukemia.

隋唐五代绘画的历史地理学考察

从历史地理学视角对隋唐五代时期的绘画进行考察发现:墓室壁画主要分布在山东嘉祥、宁夏固原和陕西关中,以陕西关中为最;佛寺壁画主要分布在关内道、河南道、江南道和剑南道,画家的创作活动多集中于京畿之地;石窟壁画在中原、江南、川渝等地较少出现,克孜尔等地石窟出现了强烈地域风格的"龟兹壁画"。唐末战乱,长安画家多避难蜀地,长安绘画传统传播至此。五代时期,绘画中心继续呈南移趋势,南北不同地域景观成为艺术创作表达心性的载体和造境的空间。这样的空间过程,使我们发现绘画史的演变与创作主体的地理空间位移,及其对地理环境的认知和理解有着某种关联,揭示了绘画风格的多样性来源。

传统与现代风格融合的文教建筑设计——湘南学院图书馆建筑设计

本文结合实例,从湘南学院图书馆建筑的设计理念、总体布局构思、平面设计、立面造型、传统建筑文化传承等诸多方面阐述其建筑设计特点,对其建筑内部功能处理,建筑美学和人文特色进行了探讨。通过该项目的设计实践,笔者对于传统与现代文化教育建筑的形式及风格相融合有较深的体会。

Effects of BPA and E2 on expression profiles of genes related to hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis of half-smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis

Endocrine disrupting chemicals （EDCs） are increasingly viewed as persistent pollutants, similar to natural hormones in function. This paper describes the expression profiles of 7 genes （DMRT, VTG, GnRHR, FSHR, CYP17A, CYP19A, and CYP19B） involved in sex steroid synthesis and action as well as sexual development in adult male and female Cynoglossus semilaevis, after exposure to different concentrations ofBisphenol A （BPA） and 17[3-estradiol （E2）. Both BPA （1, 10, 50, 125, and 250 mg/kg） and E2 （0.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg） induced changes in target gene expression, although the estrogenic effects orE2 as a model estrogen were stronger. Among the 7 genes, VTG, CYP17A and CYP19 responded strongly to BPA or E2 exposure and can thus serve as reference biomarkers for estrogenic EDCs exposure in marine teleosts. These data will provide a window to establish a hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal model in C. semilaevis to better understand the effect pathways of EDCs.

Glutathione S-transferase(GST) gene expression profiles in two marine bivalves exposed to BDE-47 and their potential molecular mechanisms

Glutathione S-transferases （GSTs） are phase II enzymes that facilitate the detoxification of xenobioties and play important roles in antioxidant defense. We investigated the expression patterns of seven Venerupis philippinarum GSTs （VpGSTs） and four Mytilus galloprovincialis GSTs （MgGSTs） following exposure to BDE-47. Differential expressions of the seven VpGSTs and four MgGSTs transcripts were observed, with differences between the hepatopancreas and gills. Among these GSTs, the sigma classes （VpGSTS1, VpGSTS2, VpGSTS3, MgGST1, and MgGST3） were highly expressed in response to BDE-47 exposure, demonstrating their potential as molecular biomarkers for environmental biomonitoring studies. We obtained the three-dimensional crystal structures of VpGSTs and MgGSTs by homologous modeling. A model to elucidate the binding interactions between the ligands and receptors was defined by molecular docking, Hydrophobic and n were the most often observed interactions between BDE-47 and the GSTs.