拟南芥丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶基因AtSTK的过量表达可以明显提高拟南芥的耐盐性。为进一步研究AtSTK基因表达的调控机制,以拟南芥基因组DNA为模板设计引物,扩增获得AtSTK基因的启动子序列,并构建到报告载体pAbAi,将重组报告载体质粒pAbAi...拟南芥丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶基因AtSTK的过量表达可以明显提高拟南芥的耐盐性。为进一步研究AtSTK基因表达的调控机制,以拟南芥基因组DNA为模板设计引物,扩增获得AtSTK基因的启动子序列,并构建到报告载体pAbAi,将重组报告载体质粒pAbAi-HYT利用BstbⅠ进行单酶切线性化,转化酵母菌株Y1H Gold,线性化的pAbAi-HYT整合到基因组中。然后,将纯化的拟南芥双链cDNA、pGADT7-Rec载体共转化含有报告载体pAbAi-HYT的酵母菌,将菌液涂布到含有100 ng/m L Ab A的SD/-Leu培养基上进行阳性克隆的酵母单杂交筛选。通过回复鉴定、序列测定,最终筛选获得了可能参与AtSTK基因表达调控的4个拟南芥基因。测序结果表明,酵母单杂交筛选获得的拟南芥基因AT3G32090含有WRKY转录因子保守结构域,为WRKY类转录因子的一员。因此,AtSTK基因的表达很可能接受MAPK信号传导途径中AT3G32090基因编码的WRKY类转录因子的调控,从而影响拟南芥植株的耐盐性。展开更多
The expression of glucose regulated protein 94 (GRP94)during the treatment of human colorectal carcinoma cell lineClone A cells with sodium butyrate was studied. Sodium butyrate (SB) can cause functional and morpholog...The expression of glucose regulated protein 94 (GRP94)during the treatment of human colorectal carcinoma cell lineClone A cells with sodium butyrate was studied. Sodium butyrate (SB) can cause functional and morphological effects on Clone A cells including growth arrest at Go/G1 stage and cell differentiation as observed by morphological changes, MTT and flow cytometry assays, as well as reduced Grp94 gene expression as shown by Northern blot and Western blot assays. The possible mechanism of the correlation between Grp94 gene expression and tumor growth inhibition and cell differentiation is briefly discussed.展开更多
SIRT1 plays an important role in adipogenesis, but how SIRT1 is regulated in adipogenesis is largely unknown. In this study, we show that both SIRT1 protein and mRNA levels were increased along with CCAAT/enhancer-bin...SIRT1 plays an important role in adipogenesis, but how SIRT1 is regulated in adipogenesis is largely unknown. In this study, we show that both SIRT1 protein and mRNA levels were increased along with CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein a （C/EBPa） during adipocyte differentiation. C/EBPa, but not C/EBPap30, activated SIRT1 promoter in both HeLa cells and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Furthermore, C/EBPa upregulated SIRT1 mRNA and protein levels in HeLa cells and increased SIRT1 expression in a p53-independent manner in Soas2 cells. In preadipocytes, ectopic expression of C/EBPa upregulated SIRT1 protein level and knockdown of C/EBPa led to the decrease of SIRTI pro- tein level. Moreover, by promoter deletion analysis, gel shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we found that C/EBPa bound to the SIRT1 promoter at a consensus C/EBPα binding site. These data demonstrate that C/ EBPα regulates SIRT1 expression during adipogenesis by directly binding to the SIRT1 promoter.展开更多
Once thought to be transcriptional noise, large non-coding RNAs （IncRNAs） have recently been demonstrated to be functional molecules. The cell-type-specific expression patterns of lncRNAs suggest that their transcri...Once thought to be transcriptional noise, large non-coding RNAs （IncRNAs） have recently been demonstrated to be functional molecules. The cell-type-specific expression patterns of lncRNAs suggest that their transcription may be regulated epigenetically. Using a custom-designed microarray, here we examine the expression profile of IncRNAs in embryonic stem （ES） cells, lineage-restricted neuronal progenitor cells, and terminally differentiated fibroblasts. In addition, we also analyze the relationship between their expression and their promoter H3K4 and H3K27 methyla- tion patterns. We find that numerous lncRNAs in these cell types undergo changes in the levels of expression and promoter H3K4me3 and H3K27me3. Interestingly, lncRNAs that are expressed at lower levels in ES cells exhibit higher levels of H3K27me3 at their promoters. Consistent with this result, knockdown of the H3K27me3 methyltransferase Ezh2 results in derepression of these IncRNAs in ES cells. Thus, our results establish a role for Ezh2-mediated H3K27 methylation in lncRNA silencing in ES cells and reveal that lncRNAs are subject to epigenetic regulation in a similar manner to that of the protein-coding genes.展开更多
Our previous study showed that hydroxyurea (Hu) could induce HEL cells to express humanβ-globin gene. However the molecular mechanisms by which the expression of β-globin gene is activated and regulated are poorly u...Our previous study showed that hydroxyurea (Hu) could induce HEL cells to express humanβ-globin gene. However the molecular mechanisms by which the expression of β-globin gene is activated and regulated are poorly understood. Here we show that the binding patterns between the core DNA sequences (HS2 core sequence -10681- -10971 bp , HS3 core sequence -14991- -14716 bp and HS4 core sequence -18586- -18306 bp) of DNase I hypersensitive sites in the human β-globin LCR and nuclear matrix proteins isolated from Hu induced and uninduced HEL cells are quite different. Results demonstrated that nuclear matrix proteins might play important roles in regulating the expression of humanβ-like globin genes through their interaction with HSs (HS2,HS3 and HS4 core sequences) in the LCR. Moreover, the results obtained from the in vitro DNA-matrix binding assay showed that the core DNA sequences of DNase I hypersensitive sites (HS2, HS3 and HS4) were unable to bind to the nuclear matrix isolated from uninduced HEL cells; in addition, HS2 core DNA sequence was capable of binding to the nuclear matrix prepared from Hu-induced HEL cells, while both HS3 and HS4 core DNA sequences could not do so. Results indicated that the HS2 core DNA sequence may be a functional MAR (matrix attachment region). We suggest that the HS2 core DNA sequence binding to the nuclear matrix in Hu-induced HEL cells may open the structure of chromatin to make the LCR accessible to the promoter of β-globin gene and to promote its transcription.展开更多
Nuclear proteins often form punctiform structures, but the precise mechanism for this process is unknown. As a preliminary study, we investigated the aggregation of an HSV-1 immediate-early protein, infected-cell prot...Nuclear proteins often form punctiform structures, but the precise mechanism for this process is unknown. As a preliminary study, we investigated the aggregation of an HSV-1 immediate-early protein, infected-cell protein 22 （ICP22）, in the nucleus by observing the localization of ICP22-EGFP fusion protein Results showed that, in high-level expression conditions, ICP22-EGFP gradually concentrates in the nucleus, persists throughout the cell cycle without disaggregation even in the cell division phase, and is finally distributed to daughter cells. We subsequently constructed a mammalian cell expression system, which had tetracycline- dependent transcriptional regulators. Consequently, the location of ICP22-EGFP in the nucleus changed with distinct induction conditions. This suggests that the cellular location of ICP22 is also influenced by promoter regulation, in addition to its own structure. Our findings provide new clues for the investigation of transcriptional regulation of viral genes. In addition, the non-protease reporter system we constructed could be utilized to evaluate the role of intemal ribosome entry sites （IRES） on transcriptional regulation.展开更多
The binding of nuclear proteins prepared from mouse erythroid tissue in different developmental stages to the 5'-flanking regulatory elements of human β-globin gene, two negative control regions(NCR1,-610 to -490...The binding of nuclear proteins prepared from mouse erythroid tissue in different developmental stages to the 5'-flanking regulatory elements of human β-globin gene, two negative control regions(NCR1,-610 to -490 bp;NCR2, -338 to-233bp), was identified.Two stage specific protein factors corresponding to embryonic and fetal stages were found to be capable of binding to NCR2.These data provided evidence that the cis acting elements of the 5'-flanking region might be involved in the developmental control of β-globin gene and NCR2 might be responsible in part for the silence of β-globin gene in the embryonic and fetal stages.展开更多
Aluminum(Al)is the most abundant metal element in the earth’s crust.On acid soils,at pH 5.5 or lower,part of insoluble Al-containing minerals become solubilized into soil solution,with resultant highly toxic effects ...Aluminum(Al)is the most abundant metal element in the earth’s crust.On acid soils,at pH 5.5 or lower,part of insoluble Al-containing minerals become solubilized into soil solution,with resultant highly toxic effects on plant growth and development.Nevertheless,some plants have developed Al-tolerance mechanisms that enable them to counteract this Al toxicity.One such well-documented mechanism is the Al-induced secretion of organic acid anions,including citrate,malate,and oxalate,from plant roots.Once secreted,these anions chelate external Al ions,thus protecting the secreting plant from Al toxicity.Genes encoding the citrate and malate transporters responsible for secretion have been identified and characterized,and accumulating evidence indicates that regulation of the expression of these transporter genes is critical for plant Al tolerance.In this review,we outline the recent history of research into plant Al-tolerance mechanisms,with special emphasis on the physiology of Al-induced secretion of organic acid anions from plant roots.In particular,we summarize the identification of genes encoding organic acid transporters and review current understanding of genes regulating organic acid secretion.We also discuss the possible signaling pathways regulating the expression of organic acid transporter genes.展开更多
文摘拟南芥丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶基因AtSTK的过量表达可以明显提高拟南芥的耐盐性。为进一步研究AtSTK基因表达的调控机制,以拟南芥基因组DNA为模板设计引物,扩增获得AtSTK基因的启动子序列,并构建到报告载体pAbAi,将重组报告载体质粒pAbAi-HYT利用BstbⅠ进行单酶切线性化,转化酵母菌株Y1H Gold,线性化的pAbAi-HYT整合到基因组中。然后,将纯化的拟南芥双链cDNA、pGADT7-Rec载体共转化含有报告载体pAbAi-HYT的酵母菌,将菌液涂布到含有100 ng/m L Ab A的SD/-Leu培养基上进行阳性克隆的酵母单杂交筛选。通过回复鉴定、序列测定,最终筛选获得了可能参与AtSTK基因表达调控的4个拟南芥基因。测序结果表明,酵母单杂交筛选获得的拟南芥基因AT3G32090含有WRKY转录因子保守结构域,为WRKY类转录因子的一员。因此,AtSTK基因的表达很可能接受MAPK信号传导途径中AT3G32090基因编码的WRKY类转录因子的调控,从而影响拟南芥植株的耐盐性。
文摘The expression of glucose regulated protein 94 (GRP94)during the treatment of human colorectal carcinoma cell lineClone A cells with sodium butyrate was studied. Sodium butyrate (SB) can cause functional and morphological effects on Clone A cells including growth arrest at Go/G1 stage and cell differentiation as observed by morphological changes, MTT and flow cytometry assays, as well as reduced Grp94 gene expression as shown by Northern blot and Western blot assays. The possible mechanism of the correlation between Grp94 gene expression and tumor growth inhibition and cell differentiation is briefly discussed.
文摘SIRT1 plays an important role in adipogenesis, but how SIRT1 is regulated in adipogenesis is largely unknown. In this study, we show that both SIRT1 protein and mRNA levels were increased along with CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein a （C/EBPa） during adipocyte differentiation. C/EBPa, but not C/EBPap30, activated SIRT1 promoter in both HeLa cells and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Furthermore, C/EBPa upregulated SIRT1 mRNA and protein levels in HeLa cells and increased SIRT1 expression in a p53-independent manner in Soas2 cells. In preadipocytes, ectopic expression of C/EBPa upregulated SIRT1 protein level and knockdown of C/EBPa led to the decrease of SIRTI pro- tein level. Moreover, by promoter deletion analysis, gel shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we found that C/EBPa bound to the SIRT1 promoter at a consensus C/EBPα binding site. These data demonstrate that C/ EBPα regulates SIRT1 expression during adipogenesis by directly binding to the SIRT1 promoter.
文摘Once thought to be transcriptional noise, large non-coding RNAs （IncRNAs） have recently been demonstrated to be functional molecules. The cell-type-specific expression patterns of lncRNAs suggest that their transcription may be regulated epigenetically. Using a custom-designed microarray, here we examine the expression profile of IncRNAs in embryonic stem （ES） cells, lineage-restricted neuronal progenitor cells, and terminally differentiated fibroblasts. In addition, we also analyze the relationship between their expression and their promoter H3K4 and H3K27 methyla- tion patterns. We find that numerous lncRNAs in these cell types undergo changes in the levels of expression and promoter H3K4me3 and H3K27me3. Interestingly, lncRNAs that are expressed at lower levels in ES cells exhibit higher levels of H3K27me3 at their promoters. Consistent with this result, knockdown of the H3K27me3 methyltransferase Ezh2 results in derepression of these IncRNAs in ES cells. Thus, our results establish a role for Ezh2-mediated H3K27 methylation in lncRNA silencing in ES cells and reveal that lncRNAs are subject to epigenetic regulation in a similar manner to that of the protein-coding genes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.39893320 and 39870378)the Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KJ982-J1-618).
文摘Our previous study showed that hydroxyurea (Hu) could induce HEL cells to express humanβ-globin gene. However the molecular mechanisms by which the expression of β-globin gene is activated and regulated are poorly understood. Here we show that the binding patterns between the core DNA sequences (HS2 core sequence -10681- -10971 bp , HS3 core sequence -14991- -14716 bp and HS4 core sequence -18586- -18306 bp) of DNase I hypersensitive sites in the human β-globin LCR and nuclear matrix proteins isolated from Hu induced and uninduced HEL cells are quite different. Results demonstrated that nuclear matrix proteins might play important roles in regulating the expression of humanβ-like globin genes through their interaction with HSs (HS2,HS3 and HS4 core sequences) in the LCR. Moreover, the results obtained from the in vitro DNA-matrix binding assay showed that the core DNA sequences of DNase I hypersensitive sites (HS2, HS3 and HS4) were unable to bind to the nuclear matrix isolated from uninduced HEL cells; in addition, HS2 core DNA sequence was capable of binding to the nuclear matrix prepared from Hu-induced HEL cells, while both HS3 and HS4 core DNA sequences could not do so. Results indicated that the HS2 core DNA sequence may be a functional MAR (matrix attachment region). We suggest that the HS2 core DNA sequence binding to the nuclear matrix in Hu-induced HEL cells may open the structure of chromatin to make the LCR accessible to the promoter of β-globin gene and to promote its transcription.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (30670094, 30700028)the Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (2006-0023008)
文摘Nuclear proteins often form punctiform structures, but the precise mechanism for this process is unknown. As a preliminary study, we investigated the aggregation of an HSV-1 immediate-early protein, infected-cell protein 22 （ICP22）, in the nucleus by observing the localization of ICP22-EGFP fusion protein Results showed that, in high-level expression conditions, ICP22-EGFP gradually concentrates in the nucleus, persists throughout the cell cycle without disaggregation even in the cell division phase, and is finally distributed to daughter cells. We subsequently constructed a mammalian cell expression system, which had tetracycline- dependent transcriptional regulators. Consequently, the location of ICP22-EGFP in the nucleus changed with distinct induction conditions. This suggests that the cellular location of ICP22 is also influenced by promoter regulation, in addition to its own structure. Our findings provide new clues for the investigation of transcriptional regulation of viral genes. In addition, the non-protease reporter system we constructed could be utilized to evaluate the role of intemal ribosome entry sites （IRES） on transcriptional regulation.
基金gramts from shanghai Joint Laboratory of Life sciences,Academia Sinica,and the National National sciences Foundation,
文摘The binding of nuclear proteins prepared from mouse erythroid tissue in different developmental stages to the 5'-flanking regulatory elements of human β-globin gene, two negative control regions(NCR1,-610 to -490 bp;NCR2, -338 to-233bp), was identified.Two stage specific protein factors corresponding to embryonic and fetal stages were found to be capable of binding to NCR2.These data provided evidence that the cis acting elements of the 5'-flanking region might be involved in the developmental control of β-globin gene and NCR2 might be responsible in part for the silence of β-globin gene in the embryonic and fetal stages.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31572193,31760615,and 31760584)111 Project(No.B14027)the Changjiang Scholars Program of China
文摘Aluminum(Al)is the most abundant metal element in the earth’s crust.On acid soils,at pH 5.5 or lower,part of insoluble Al-containing minerals become solubilized into soil solution,with resultant highly toxic effects on plant growth and development.Nevertheless,some plants have developed Al-tolerance mechanisms that enable them to counteract this Al toxicity.One such well-documented mechanism is the Al-induced secretion of organic acid anions,including citrate,malate,and oxalate,from plant roots.Once secreted,these anions chelate external Al ions,thus protecting the secreting plant from Al toxicity.Genes encoding the citrate and malate transporters responsible for secretion have been identified and characterized,and accumulating evidence indicates that regulation of the expression of these transporter genes is critical for plant Al tolerance.In this review,we outline the recent history of research into plant Al-tolerance mechanisms,with special emphasis on the physiology of Al-induced secretion of organic acid anions from plant roots.In particular,we summarize the identification of genes encoding organic acid transporters and review current understanding of genes regulating organic acid secretion.We also discuss the possible signaling pathways regulating the expression of organic acid transporter genes.
