“后现代”道德

后现代道德观从以往的理性绝对论、一元论、独断论、终极论转向感性相对论、自由交往论和道德知识论 ,修正“邪恶”概念 ,瓦解至善目的 ,消灭自我膨胀 ,融合两面人格 ,接受否定 ,关注生命 ,解构“伟大”和“楷模” ,将价值重心转到知识和智慧 ,将自由平等、真理正义、自尊自爱、自主自强、适应力和创造性 。

Establishment of a three-dimensional finite element model for gunshot wounds to the human mandible

Objective:To investigate the feasibility of a finite element model as an ideal research tool for human maxillofacial gunshot wounds.Methods:Mandible CT scan data on the Chinese Visible Human were imported into MIMICS software to obtain the surface mesh of the mandible.Then,these surface-meshed models were imported into ANSA software for automatic net generation.Elements and nodes were partitioned on the basis of the mesh to obtain a three-dimensional finite element model for the mandible with every internal parameter consistent with those of our previously developed model in the pig mandible.The finite element model was imported into LS-DYNA for computation.Finally,the LS-POST was used to complete the simulation and the measurements.Results:A three-dimensional finite element model was successfully established for gunshot wounds in the human mandible.The stress distribution and the degree of injury were simulated dynamically for shots from two types of projectiles in the mandible at one entry angle and at three impact velocities.Conclusion:Three-dimensional finite element models will become ideal research tools for treatment of ballistic wounds of the human maxillofacial region.Using this human mandibular model as a foundation,we will be able to successfully develop three-dimensional finite element models for human maxillofacial gunshot wounds.