溃坝典型水流水力特性试验研究

黏性土坝漫顶溃决是一个水、土二相耦合逐渐发展的过程,涉及水流冲蚀主动力和坝体材料被动抗力的综合作用。立足当今世界溃坝研究的前沿理论,借鉴以往现场原型试验相关成果,对土坝溃决过程进行了宏观阶段划分,并在此基础上开展专门的水槽试验,采用PIV技术对表面冲刷水流和陡坎冲射水流的精细水流结构进行了详细研究。试验获得了两种典型水流的几何特性及相关水力特性,总结分析了各水流结构对坝体的冲蚀作用机制。相关成果的获取可从本质上对黏性土坝陡坎溯源冲蚀机理进行理解和掌握,亦可为数值模拟及其他溃坝研究工作提供技术参考。

Effects of surface roughness of substrate on properties of Ti/TiN/Zr/ZrN multilayer coatings

Ti/TiN/Zr/ZrN multilayer coatings were deposited on Cr_17Ni_2 steel substrates with different surface roughnesses by vacuum cathodic arc deposition method. Microstructure, micro-hardness, adhesion strength and cross-sectional morphology of the obtained multilayer coatings were investigated. The results show that the Vickers hardness of Ti/TiN/Zr/ZrN multilayer coating, with a film thickness of 11.37 μm, is 29.36 GPa. The erosion and salt spray resistance performance of Cr_17Ni_2 steel substrates can be evidently improved by Ti/TiN/Zr/ZrN multilayer coating. The surface roughness of Cr_17Ni_2 steel substrates plays an important role in determining the mechanical and erosion performances of Ti/TiN/Zr/ZrN multilayer coatings. Overall, a low value of the surface roughness of substrates corresponds to an improved performance of erosion and salt spray resistance of multilayer coatings. The optimized performance of Ti/TiN/Zr/ZrN multilayer coatings can be achieved provided that the surface roughness of Cr_17Ni_2 steel substrates is lower than 0.4μm.

降雨条件下微生物技术治理崩岗侵蚀

崩岗是中国花岗岩地区危害最大的一种土壤侵蚀方式,坡面防护是崩岗侵蚀治理的重要措施。为研究微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀(MICP)技术在花岗岩崩岗侵蚀区冲刷防护中应用的可行性,以福建省崩岗最为发育的安溪县官桥镇花岗岩土质覆盖层为研究对象,进行降雨条件下微生物治理崩岗的模型试验研究。采用喷洒加固法对崩岗坡面进行处理,然后利用降雨模拟系统冲刷坡面,最后分析了MICP加固技术对泥沙产量及坡面侵蚀深度的影响。结果表明:与未加固边坡相比,MICP固化边坡泥沙产量由未加固的7648.43 g下降至266.61 g,较加固之前降低了96.51%;最大侵蚀深度由未加固的60 mm下降至除个别侵蚀坑外边坡表面基本未发生侵蚀。

压缩气泡式洗衣机

本发明专利公开了一种压缩气泡式洗涤机理及其压缩气泡式洗衣机，它将使使用表面冲刷洗涤机理的渡轮式和滚筒式洗衣机成为历史。压缩气泡式洗涤机理的提出，是在充分研究手工揉搓和棒槌捶洗衣物的基础上，抽取它的主要机量．摈弃它揉搓动作复杂不易机械模仿、洗涤功率小、开放式压缩气泡利用率低等缺点而完成的。