合成了表面包覆 Si O2 的超细 Ca CO3 。通过 XPS,XRD对包覆表面层结构的分析 ,证实了 Si O2 以无定形包覆于 Ca CO3 表面 ,并在其表面形成了 Si- O- Ca键。对 Si O2 包覆超细 Ca CO3 的机理分析结果可知 :Na2 Si O3 的加入量是影响包...合成了表面包覆 Si O2 的超细 Ca CO3 。通过 XPS,XRD对包覆表面层结构的分析 ,证实了 Si O2 以无定形包覆于 Ca CO3 表面 ,并在其表面形成了 Si- O- Ca键。对 Si O2 包覆超细 Ca CO3 的机理分析结果可知 :Na2 Si O3 的加入量是影响包覆效率的重要因素 ,由于硅酸易自聚 ,控制 Si O2 与 Ca CO3 的重量比约为4 %～ 5 %时为包覆的最佳点 ;Ca CO3 晶粒度大小影响分散性能 ,进而影响包覆效率 ,分散性能好的包覆效率较高。展开更多
Based on the building of a theoretical model for the large eddy structure, the nonlinear effect of the local rough wall on the large eddy structure in the boundary layer is studied by direct numerical simulation. Nume...Based on the building of a theoretical model for the large eddy structure, the nonlinear effect of the local rough wall on the large eddy structure in the boundary layer is studied by direct numerical simulation. Numerical results show that factors of the local rough feature, the distributing structure and the intensity, etc. play an important role in the evolution of the large eddy structure in the boundary layer.展开更多
This paper presents a new electromagnetic functional material developed byelectron-less nickel deposition technique, with a single hollow micro-sphere as the core templateand a thin nickel layer as the shell. The micr...This paper presents a new electromagnetic functional material developed byelectron-less nickel deposition technique, with a single hollow micro-sphere as the core templateand a thin nickel layer as the shell. The micrograph taken by a scanning electron microscope showsthe microstructures of the materials in detail. Scattering parameters of the waveguide sample holderfilled with the materials have been obtained over X band. The electromagnetic parameters computedfrom the measured S parameters show that the material with metallic hollow spheres has as highrelative permeability μ'_r as 19.0 with about 0.6 magnetic loss tangent over the whole bandwidth.Compared to the material with non-metallic spheres, the permeability μ'_r and the magnetic losstangent μ'_r increase greatly, while the permittivity remains lower than 1.8.展开更多
Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has been used predominantly for environments with low electrical conductivity like freshwater aquifers, glaciers, or dry sandy soils. The objective of the present study was to explore it...Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has been used predominantly for environments with low electrical conductivity like freshwater aquifers, glaciers, or dry sandy soils. The objective of the present study was to explore its application for mapping in subsurface agricultural soils to a depth of several meters. For a loamy sand and a clayey site on the North China Plain, clay inclusions in the sand were detected; the thickness, inclination, and continuity of the confining clay and silt layers was assessed; and a local water table was mapped. Direct sampling (soil coring and profiling) in the top meter and independent measurement of the water table were utilized to confirm the findings. Also, effective estimates of the dielectric number for the site with the dielectric number of moist clayey soils depending strongly on frequency were obtained. Thus, important properties of soils, like the arrangement and type of layers and in particular their continuity and inclination, could be explored with moderate efforts for rather large areas to help find optimal locations for the time-consuming and expensive measurements which would be necessary to detail a model of the subsurface.展开更多
FePt granular films were prepared by direct current facing-target magnetron sputtering system onto glass substrates and subsequently in-situ annealed in vacuum. Vibrating sample magnetometer, X-ray diffraction and sca...FePt granular films were prepared by direct current facing-target magnetron sputtering system onto glass substrates and subsequently in-situ annealed in vacuum. Vibrating sample magnetometer, X-ray diffraction and scanning probe microscope were applied to study the magnetic properties, microstructures, morphologies and domain structures of the samples. （FePt）27Ti73 bilayer films were fabricated at various conditions to investigate the effect of Ti on FePt grains. The results show that without Ti matrix layer, FePt films deposited onto the glass substrates are fcc disordered; with addition of Ti matrix layer, FePt/Ti films form a ternary （FePt）27Ti73 alloy possessing fcc and L10 （111） mixed texture. FePt/（FePt）27Ti73 films with perfectly ordered L10（111） structure and unique magnetic properties can be obtained at Ti thickness of 35nm and substrate temperature of 250℃. The maximum coercivity is more than 240kA/m and the squareness ratio is more than 0.9. The obtained results suggest that the granular FePt/（FePt）27Ti73 films can be applicable to ultrahigh-density magnetic recording media.展开更多
The formation of metastable alumina phases due to the oxidation of commercial FeCralloy（R） rods （0.5 mm thickness） at various temperatures and time periods has been examined. This structured layer acts as an ancho...The formation of metastable alumina phases due to the oxidation of commercial FeCralloy（R） rods （0.5 mm thickness） at various temperatures and time periods has been examined. This structured layer acts as an anchor to bind additional coatings of alumina via wash-coat techniques, thereby improving the layer thickness and increasing adhesion of the catalytic surface. Optimisation of the layer thickness and catalytic properties were conducted, using a range of analytical systems [scanning electron microscope （SEM）, energy dispersive X-ray （EDX） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）]. The modified FeCralloy（R） rods were tested in a fixed bed reactor rig to assess the impact on yield for the dehydrogenation of methylcyclohexane.展开更多
Sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy(SFG-VS)is a powerful technique for determining molecular structures at both buried interface and air surface.Distinguishing the contribution of SFG signals from buried...Sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy(SFG-VS)is a powerful technique for determining molecular structures at both buried interface and air surface.Distinguishing the contribution of SFG signals from buried interface and air surface is crucial to the applications in devices such as microelectronics and bio-tips.Here we demonstrate that the SFG spectra from buried interface and air surface can be differentiated by controlling the film thickness and employment of surface-plasmon enhancement.Using substrate-supported PMMA(poly(methyl methacrylate))films as a model,we have visualized the variations in the contribution of SFG signals from buried interface and air surface.By monitoring carbonyl and C-H stretching groups,we found that SFG signals are dominated by the moieties(-CH2,-CH3,-OCH3 and C=O)segregated at the PMMA/air surface for the thin films while they are mainly contributed by the groups(-OCH3 and C=O)at the substrate/PMMA buried interface for the thick films.At the buried interface,the tilt angle of C=O decreases from65°to 43°as the film preparation concentration increases;in contrast,the angles at the air surface fall in the range from 38°to 21°.Surface plasmon generated by gold nanorods can largely enhance SFG signals,particularly the signals from the buried interface.展开更多
Study of seismic activity in the Kuqa area enables us to infer some possible active faults in basement from the epicentral distribution on different profiles. The relations between active faults in the basement and su...Study of seismic activity in the Kuqa area enables us to infer some possible active faults in basement from the epicentral distribution on different profiles. The relations between active faults in the basement and surface structures are analyzed and the difference between sedimentary cover and basement in their deformation characteristics and the genesis are discussed. The following conclusions have been drawn: (1) the epicentral distribution indicates that, the east Qiulitag and south and north Qiulitag deep faults in the basement correspond to the east and west Qiulitag anticlines, respectively. Moreover, deep faults also exist beneath the Yiqiklik and Yaken anticlines. It indicates that the formation of surface structures is controlled by deep structures; (2) A NE-trending strike-slip fault develops along the line from the western termination of Yiqiklik structure to Dongqiu Well 5 and a NW-trending active fault on the western side of Baicheng. The two active faults across the tectonic strike are the main causes for tectonic segmentation of the Kuqa depression and possibly the cause for the middle segment (Kuqa-Baicheng) of the depression to be more shortened than both its eastern and western terminations; (3) The difference between the sedimentary cover and basement in their deformation characteristics depends mainly on the different properties of media between them. The lithospheric strength of the basement in the basin is fairly high, which determines the basement deformation to be mainly of brittle fracture——seismic activity. While the strength of sedimentary cover is low, where there exist weak thin layers, such as coal and gyps. Under the effect of strong tectonic compression, the sedimentary rocks may undergo strong viscous or plastic flow deformation; meanwhile, an aseismic detachment may take place along the weak layers.展开更多
A bone-like apatite layer consisting of nano-crystals of apatite phase was prepared on the surface of Ti- 25Nb-2Zr alloy by chemical biomimetic growth method. TiNbZr alloy specimens were first oxidized at 500 ℃ for 2...A bone-like apatite layer consisting of nano-crystals of apatite phase was prepared on the surface of Ti- 25Nb-2Zr alloy by chemical biomimetic growth method. TiNbZr alloy specimens were first oxidized at 500 ℃ for 2 h in the air. Then, they were immersed in 40 ℃ saturated NazHPO4 solution for 15 h and 25 ℃ saturated Ca （OH）2 solution for 8 h in turn for pre-calcification. The pre-calcified specimens were immersed in modified simulated body fluid up to 15 d for biomimetic growth. After common oxidization, amorphous titania and anatase were detected on the specimen surface. Except for the substantial amount of calcium and phosphorus, no new phase appeared on the pre-calcified specimens. After the coating process, it was found that the （002） orientation was the preferred orientation during the growing period of hydroxyapatite. The inorganic composition and structure of the coating are very similar to those of human thigh bone, which will be advantageous for its application as biomedical material.展开更多
Quantitative correlation between the critical impact velocity of droplet and geometry of superhydrophobic surfaces with microstructures is systematically studied.Experimental data shows that the critical impact veloci...Quantitative correlation between the critical impact velocity of droplet and geometry of superhydrophobic surfaces with microstructures is systematically studied.Experimental data shows that the critical impact velocity induced wetting transition of droplet on the superhydrophobic surfaces is strongly determined by the perimeter of single micropillar,the space between the repeat pillars and the advancing contact angle of the sidewall of the micropillars.The proposed model agrees well with the experimental results,and clarifies that the underlying mechanism which is responsible for the superhydrophobic surface with hierarchical roughness could sustain a higher liquid pressure than the surfaces with microstructures.展开更多
文摘合成了表面包覆 Si O2 的超细 Ca CO3 。通过 XPS,XRD对包覆表面层结构的分析 ,证实了 Si O2 以无定形包覆于 Ca CO3 表面 ,并在其表面形成了 Si- O- Ca键。对 Si O2 包覆超细 Ca CO3 的机理分析结果可知 :Na2 Si O3 的加入量是影响包覆效率的重要因素 ,由于硅酸易自聚 ,控制 Si O2 与 Ca CO3 的重量比约为4 %～ 5 %时为包覆的最佳点 ;Ca CO3 晶粒度大小影响分散性能 ,进而影响包覆效率 ,分散性能好的包覆效率较高。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10672052)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK2007178)~~
文摘Based on the building of a theoretical model for the large eddy structure, the nonlinear effect of the local rough wall on the large eddy structure in the boundary layer is studied by direct numerical simulation. Numerical results show that factors of the local rough feature, the distributing structure and the intensity, etc. play an important role in the evolution of the large eddy structure in the boundary layer.
文摘This paper presents a new electromagnetic functional material developed byelectron-less nickel deposition technique, with a single hollow micro-sphere as the core templateand a thin nickel layer as the shell. The micrograph taken by a scanning electron microscope showsthe microstructures of the materials in detail. Scattering parameters of the waveguide sample holderfilled with the materials have been obtained over X band. The electromagnetic parameters computedfrom the measured S parameters show that the material with metallic hollow spheres has as highrelative permeability μ'_r as 19.0 with about 0.6 magnetic loss tangent over the whole bandwidth.Compared to the material with non-metallic spheres, the permeability μ'_r and the magnetic losstangent μ'_r increase greatly, while the permittivity remains lower than 1.8.
基金Project supported in part by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Germany (No. RO 1080/8-1) jointly by Max-Planck Gesellschaft and the Chinese Academy of Sciences through a travel grant to the first author.
文摘Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has been used predominantly for environments with low electrical conductivity like freshwater aquifers, glaciers, or dry sandy soils. The objective of the present study was to explore its application for mapping in subsurface agricultural soils to a depth of several meters. For a loamy sand and a clayey site on the North China Plain, clay inclusions in the sand were detected; the thickness, inclination, and continuity of the confining clay and silt layers was assessed; and a local water table was mapped. Direct sampling (soil coring and profiling) in the top meter and independent measurement of the water table were utilized to confirm the findings. Also, effective estimates of the dielectric number for the site with the dielectric number of moist clayey soils depending strongly on frequency were obtained. Thus, important properties of soils, like the arrangement and type of layers and in particular their continuity and inclination, could be explored with moderate efforts for rather large areas to help find optimal locations for the time-consuming and expensive measurements which would be necessary to detail a model of the subsurface.
基金Project(10274018) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China project(Z200102) supported the KeyFoundation of Hebei Normal University project(2002116) supported the Foundation Education Department of of Hebei Provin
文摘FePt granular films were prepared by direct current facing-target magnetron sputtering system onto glass substrates and subsequently in-situ annealed in vacuum. Vibrating sample magnetometer, X-ray diffraction and scanning probe microscope were applied to study the magnetic properties, microstructures, morphologies and domain structures of the samples. （FePt）27Ti73 bilayer films were fabricated at various conditions to investigate the effect of Ti on FePt grains. The results show that without Ti matrix layer, FePt films deposited onto the glass substrates are fcc disordered; with addition of Ti matrix layer, FePt/Ti films form a ternary （FePt）27Ti73 alloy possessing fcc and L10 （111） mixed texture. FePt/（FePt）27Ti73 films with perfectly ordered L10（111） structure and unique magnetic properties can be obtained at Ti thickness of 35nm and substrate temperature of 250℃. The maximum coercivity is more than 240kA/m and the squareness ratio is more than 0.9. The obtained results suggest that the granular FePt/（FePt）27Ti73 films can be applicable to ultrahigh-density magnetic recording media.
文摘The formation of metastable alumina phases due to the oxidation of commercial FeCralloy（R） rods （0.5 mm thickness） at various temperatures and time periods has been examined. This structured layer acts as an anchor to bind additional coatings of alumina via wash-coat techniques, thereby improving the layer thickness and increasing adhesion of the catalytic surface. Optimisation of the layer thickness and catalytic properties were conducted, using a range of analytical systems [scanning electron microscope （SEM）, energy dispersive X-ray （EDX） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）]. The modified FeCralloy（R） rods were tested in a fixed bed reactor rig to assess the impact on yield for the dehydrogenation of methylcyclohexane.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFA0208700 and No.2017YFA0303500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21925302,No.21633007,and No.21873090)Anhui Initiative in Quantum Information Technologies(AHY090000)。
文摘Sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy(SFG-VS)is a powerful technique for determining molecular structures at both buried interface and air surface.Distinguishing the contribution of SFG signals from buried interface and air surface is crucial to the applications in devices such as microelectronics and bio-tips.Here we demonstrate that the SFG spectra from buried interface and air surface can be differentiated by controlling the film thickness and employment of surface-plasmon enhancement.Using substrate-supported PMMA(poly(methyl methacrylate))films as a model,we have visualized the variations in the contribution of SFG signals from buried interface and air surface.By monitoring carbonyl and C-H stretching groups,we found that SFG signals are dominated by the moieties(-CH2,-CH3,-OCH3 and C=O)segregated at the PMMA/air surface for the thin films while they are mainly contributed by the groups(-OCH3 and C=O)at the substrate/PMMA buried interface for the thick films.At the buried interface,the tilt angle of C=O decreases from65°to 43°as the film preparation concentration increases;in contrast,the angles at the air surface fall in the range from 38°to 21°.Surface plasmon generated by gold nanorods can largely enhance SFG signals,particularly the signals from the buried interface.
文摘Study of seismic activity in the Kuqa area enables us to infer some possible active faults in basement from the epicentral distribution on different profiles. The relations between active faults in the basement and surface structures are analyzed and the difference between sedimentary cover and basement in their deformation characteristics and the genesis are discussed. The following conclusions have been drawn: (1) the epicentral distribution indicates that, the east Qiulitag and south and north Qiulitag deep faults in the basement correspond to the east and west Qiulitag anticlines, respectively. Moreover, deep faults also exist beneath the Yiqiklik and Yaken anticlines. It indicates that the formation of surface structures is controlled by deep structures; (2) A NE-trending strike-slip fault develops along the line from the western termination of Yiqiklik structure to Dongqiu Well 5 and a NW-trending active fault on the western side of Baicheng. The two active faults across the tectonic strike are the main causes for tectonic segmentation of the Kuqa depression and possibly the cause for the middle segment (Kuqa-Baicheng) of the depression to be more shortened than both its eastern and western terminations; (3) The difference between the sedimentary cover and basement in their deformation characteristics depends mainly on the different properties of media between them. The lithospheric strength of the basement in the basin is fairly high, which determines the basement deformation to be mainly of brittle fracture——seismic activity. While the strength of sedimentary cover is low, where there exist weak thin layers, such as coal and gyps. Under the effect of strong tectonic compression, the sedimentary rocks may undergo strong viscous or plastic flow deformation; meanwhile, an aseismic detachment may take place along the weak layers.
文摘A bone-like apatite layer consisting of nano-crystals of apatite phase was prepared on the surface of Ti- 25Nb-2Zr alloy by chemical biomimetic growth method. TiNbZr alloy specimens were first oxidized at 500 ℃ for 2 h in the air. Then, they were immersed in 40 ℃ saturated NazHPO4 solution for 15 h and 25 ℃ saturated Ca （OH）2 solution for 8 h in turn for pre-calcification. The pre-calcified specimens were immersed in modified simulated body fluid up to 15 d for biomimetic growth. After common oxidization, amorphous titania and anatase were detected on the specimen surface. Except for the substantial amount of calcium and phosphorus, no new phase appeared on the pre-calcified specimens. After the coating process, it was found that the （002） orientation was the preferred orientation during the growing period of hydroxyapatite. The inorganic composition and structure of the coating are very similar to those of human thigh bone, which will be advantageous for its application as biomedical material.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11072126,91326108 and 51206042)
文摘Quantitative correlation between the critical impact velocity of droplet and geometry of superhydrophobic surfaces with microstructures is systematically studied.Experimental data shows that the critical impact velocity induced wetting transition of droplet on the superhydrophobic surfaces is strongly determined by the perimeter of single micropillar,the space between the repeat pillars and the advancing contact angle of the sidewall of the micropillars.The proposed model agrees well with the experimental results,and clarifies that the underlying mechanism which is responsible for the superhydrophobic surface with hierarchical roughness could sustain a higher liquid pressure than the surfaces with microstructures.
