由宏观至微观的刀具表面改形技术

刀具断屑槽以及近年来出现的刀具表面微织构同为表面改形技术,但二者一直属于两个独立的研究领域。本文梳理刀具表面宏观和微观结构的国内外最新研究进展,分析两者在结构功能、设计方法和加工方法上的异同,探讨它们在未来交叉融合的可能性,帮助读者对刀具表面改形技术形成系统认识,加速相关技术的推广和应用。

干燥环境下表面黏附性能调控研究进展

实现黏附可控是解决微/纳机械产品黏附失效问题和发展先进黏附材料及新型微操作/微装配技术等的有效途径.基于该研究背景,针对干燥不带电系统,对近年来发展的几类黏附调控方法进行了综述,从表面改形、材料改性及外场控制三方面介绍了织构、涂层/薄膜和复合材料、速度、温度、外力和磁场在黏附调控方面的研究进展,分析和总结了各类方法的黏附调控机理、关键影响因素和特点,并指出了应用领域,介绍了多手段复合调控黏附方法的最新研究成果.最后,探讨了当前黏附调控方面存在的问题和未来可能的发展方向.

机械密封技术最新进展

对国内外机械密封新技术进行了较全面的阐述 ,分析了表面改形机械密封技术、控制平衡比密封技术、组合密封技术和可控机械密封技术的发展水平 ,指出了机械密封总的发展方向是零逸出、高性能、高可靠性以及长寿命化。随着计算机和电子技术日新月异的发展 ,机械密封的监控技术将会在化工、石油化工。

农机触土部件减粘脱附技术研究现状与展望

目前农机触土部件的减粘脱附问题仍困扰着国内外的专家学者,是一个亟待解决的技术难题。为给国内农机触土部件减粘脱附技术的发展提供参考,通过系统总结农业机械产生土壤粘附的原因,以及土壤粘附对农业机械作业时的影响情况下,着重从表面改形、表面改性、电渗减粘、机械减粘脱附与加热减粘脱附五个方面介绍目前国内外农业机械触土部件减粘脱附技术的研究现状,并将国内外研究现状进行对比,提出目前国内农机触土部件减粘脱附技术存在缺少综合性研究、对土壤粘附机理的研究以及高准确性的测试设备的问题。最后展望未来农机触土部件减粘脱附技术的发展方向在于加强学科交叉融合、加强土壤粘性消减技术研究以及加强多参数测试设备开发。

Enhancement of nucleation of diamond films deposited on copper substrate by nickel modification layer

A Ni layer with a thickness of about 100 nm was sputtered on Cu substrates,followed by an ultrasonic seeding with nanodiamond suspension.High-quality diamond film with its crystalline grains close to thermal equilibrium shape was deposited on Cu substrates by hot-filament chemical vapor deposition（HF-CVD）,and the sp2 carbon content was less than 5.56%.The nucleation and growth of diamond film were investigated by micro-Raman spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and X-ray diffraction.The results show that the nucleation density of diamond on the Ni-modified Cu substrates is 10 times higher than that on blank Cu substrates.The enhancement mechanism of the nucleation kinetics by Ni modification layer results from two effects：namely,the nanometer rough Ni-modified surface shows an improved absorption of nanodiamond particles that act as starting points for the diamond nucleation during HF-CVD process;the strong catalytic effect of the Ni-modified surface causes the formation of graphite layer that acts as an intermediate to facilitate diamond nucleation quickly.

Surface modification with SiO_2 coating on biomedical TiNi shape memory alloy by sol-gel method

The effect of heat treatment on the transformation temperature of Ti?52.2%Ni (mole fraction) alloy was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The transformation temperatures of the alloy can be adjusted effectively by heat treatment. Dense and stable SiO2 coatings were deposited on the surface of the pre-oxidized TiNi alloy by sol?gel method. The bonding strength of films and matrix was (65.9±1.5) N. The electrochemical corrosion test shows that the TiNi alloy with SiO2 coating has excellent corrosion resistance in the Hank’s simulated body fluid. The release behaviors of Ni ion of the alloy with and without SiO2 coating implanted in the acoustic vesicle of guinea pig were studied by EDS testing, which was inhibited effectively by the dense and stable SiO2 coating on the alloy.

Effects of fractal surface on rheological behavior and combustion kinetics of modified brown coal water slurries

The paper reports the effects of surface fractal structures on the rheological behavior and combustion kinetics of raw brown coal and three modified coal water slurries （CWSs）. The results show that the fractal structures and physicochemical properties of samples are dependent on various modification processes. The apparent viscosities of the coal water slurries increase with increasing surface fractal dimensions （D）, especially with decreasing shear rates. Fur- thermore, it has been proved that the ignition temperatures and apparent activation energies of modified CWSs are lower than that of raw coal water slurry. Compared with the traditional qualitative analysis of the effect of pore structures on CWSs properties, D can more efficiently indicate the quantificational effect of pore structures on the rheological behavior and combustion kinetics of CWSs.

Fabrication of titanium-based alloys with bioactive surface oxide layer as biomedical implants:Opportunity and challenges

Titanium and its alloys have long been used as implant materials due to their outstanding mechanical properties and apparent biocompatibility.Despite this,the search for better alloys has continued to be active by researchers and industries alike,as there are still pressing issues that require attention.These include(1)a large mismatch in the elastic modulus of the implant material,which causes a stress shielding problem;(2)the release of harmful ions from Ti alloys after long-term use;(3)a low bioactivity of the Ti alloy surface,which prolongs the healing process.More research has been directed toward finding new generation Ti alloys composed of more biocompatible phases and modifying the surface of Ti alloys from naturally bio-inert to bioactive in order to circumvent the problems.This review examines recent work reported on the fabrication of Ti alloys,and based on the survey,major characteristics highlighted the importance of elastic modulus and the use of non-toxic metal elements to improve biocompatibility.In terms of surface modification of Ti alloys,numerous studies have found that a nano-scaled surface oxide layer grown on the surface is always beneficial to improving the bioactivity of Ti alloys for rapid recovery after implantation.This comprehensive review focuses on the appropriate phase and composition for new Ti alloys intended for use as biomedical implants,emphasizing both fabrication and surface modification methods.

Surface modification of natural cellulose substances:toward functional materials and applications

Combining various synthetic chemical processes and biological assemblies provides a promising strategy for the design and fabrication of functional materials with tailored structures and properties.The unique multilevel structures and morphologies of natural cellulose substances such as ordinary commercial laboratory filter paper make them ideal platforms for the self-assemblies of various functional guest molecules that are to be deposited on the surfaces of their fine structures,and the resulting composite matters show significant potentials for various applications.The surface sol-gel process was employed to deposit ultrathin metal-oxide(e.g.,titania and zirconia)gel films to coat the cellulose nanofibers in bulk filter papers;thereafter,monolayers of specific guest substrates were immobilized onto the surfaces of the metal-oxide gel films.Highly selective,sensitive,and reversible chemosensors based on the surface modification of filter paper were obtained toward the fluorescence and colorimetric detection of various analytes such as heavy-metal ions,inorganic anions,amino acids,and gases.Cellulosebased composite materials with superhydrophobic,antibacterial,or luminescent properties were fabricated by self-assembly approaches toward practical applications.