三维非结构化网格表面物性数据的快速可视化方法

根据三维非结构化网格数据的固有特点，提出了两种将其单元面按外部面和内部面分类的算法；在比较两种算法的基础上，选择基于最小（或最大）节点编号相关面的外部面集生成算法，利用Ｚ缓存器算法实现了对数据场表面分布图的一种快速显示，与基于一般多面体隐藏面消除的表面分布图显示算法比较，具有高效、快速、易于实现等特点。

Laser processing effects on Ti−45Nb alloy surface,corrosive and biocompatible properties

The Ti−45Nb(wt.%)alloy properties were investigated in relation to its potential biomedical use.Laser surface modification was utilized to improve its performance in biological systems.As a result of the laser treatment,(Ti,Nb)O scale was formed and various morphological features appeared on the alloy surface.The electrochemical behavior of Ti−45Nb alloy in simulated body conditions was evaluated and showed that the alloy was highly resistant to corrosion deterioration regardless of additional laser surface modification treatment.Nevertheless,the improved corrosion resistance after laser treatment was evident(the corrosion current density of the alloy before laser irradiation was 2.84×10^(−8)A/cm^(2),while that after laser treatment with 5 mJ was 0.65×10^(−8)A/cm^(2))and ascribed to the rapid formation of a complex and passivating bi-modal surface oxide layer.Alloy cytotoxicity and effects of the Ti−45Nb alloy laser surface modification on the MRC-5 cell viability,morphology,and proliferation were also investigated.The Ti−45Nb alloy showed no cytotoxic effect.Moreover,cells showed improved viability and adherence to the alloy surface after the laser irradiation treatment.The highest average cell viability of 115.37%was attained for the alloy laser-irradiated with 15 mJ.Results showed that the laser surface modification can be successfully utilized to significantly improve alloy performance in a biological environment.

菜籽油酸乙醇酰胺聚氧乙烯醚的合成及性能研究

以聚乙二醇(400)为原料,通过三步合成了菜籽油酸乙醇酰胺聚氧乙烯醚。首先按照菜籽油酸:乙醇胺(mol)=1:0.75,催化剂KOH:菜籽油酸(mol)=0.076:1.0,温度为170℃,加入乙醇胺反应4h,再加入乙醇胺, 使总的菜籽油酸:乙醇胺(mol)=1:1.0,在105℃反应3h得到菜籽油酸乙醇酰胺。然后,在碱性条件下,酰胺与环氧氯丙烷反应生成环醚。最后环醚与聚乙二醇(400)反应生成聚氧乙烯醚。正交试验确定较佳工艺条件为:环醚: 聚乙二醇(mol)为1:1.2.反应时间3h,反应温度140℃产品收率达92%。通过红外光谱确定了产品的结构,并对产品的表面物性进行了分析。结果表明产品具有较好的降低水表面张力的能力,并具有良好的增稠润湿性能。

Biocorrosion property and cytocompatibility of calcium phosphate coated Mg alloy

Calcium phosphate coated Mg alloy was prepared. The phase constitute and surface morphology were identified and observed by X-ray diffractometer （XRD） and SEM. The results show that the coating is composed of flake-like CaHPO4-2H2O crystals. The corrosion resistance of the coated Mg alloy was measured by electrochemical polarization and immersion test in comparison with uncoated Mg alloy. Cytocompatibility was designed by observing the attachment, growth and proliferation of L929 cell on both coated and uncoated Mg alloy samples. The results display that the corrosion resistance of the coated Mg alloy is better than that of uncoated one. The immersion test also shows that the calcium phosphate coating can mitigate the corrosion of Mg alloy substrate, and tends to transform into hydroxyapatite （HA）. Compared with uncoated Mg alloy, L929 cells exhibit good adherence, growth and proliferation characteristics on the coated Mg alloy, indicating that the cytocompatibility is significantly improved with the calcium phosphate coating.

Comparative studies on flotation of aluminosilicate minerals with Gemini cationic surfactants BDDA and EDDA

Gemini quaternary ammonium salt surfactants, butane-a, co-bis（dimethyl dodeculammonium bromide） （BDDA） ethane-a, fl-bis（dimethyl dodeculammonium bromide） （EDDA） were adopted to comparatively study the flotation behaviors of kaolinite, pyrophyllite and illite. It was found that three silicate minerals all exhibited good floatability with Gemini cationic surfactants as collectors over a wide pH range, while BDDA showed a stronger collecting power than EDDA. FTIR spectra and zeta potential analysis indicated that the mechanism of adsorption of Gemini collector molecules on three silicate minerals surfaces was almost identical for the electronic attraction and hydrogen bonds effect. The theoretically obtained results of density functional theory （DFT） at B3LYP/6-31G （d） level demonstrated the stronger collecting power of BDDA presented in the floatation test and zeta potential measurement.

Development of a Thermal Fogger-specific Sedimentation Stabilizer

In order to solve the drifting away of thermal fog droplets during thermal spraying and the incompatibility between fog droplet carrier and conventional com- mercial agro-chemicals, the fog droplet carrier, surfactant, condensation nucleus ma- terial and antifreeze, dispersant, thickener and defoamer were screened and assem- bled to develop a thermal fog sedimentation stabilizer in this study, thereby provid- ing technical support for application and promotion of thermal spraying technology in pest and disease control in crops.

Surface modification with SiO_2 coating on biomedical TiNi shape memory alloy by sol-gel method

The effect of heat treatment on the transformation temperature of Ti?52.2%Ni (mole fraction) alloy was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The transformation temperatures of the alloy can be adjusted effectively by heat treatment. Dense and stable SiO2 coatings were deposited on the surface of the pre-oxidized TiNi alloy by sol?gel method. The bonding strength of films and matrix was (65.9±1.5) N. The electrochemical corrosion test shows that the TiNi alloy with SiO2 coating has excellent corrosion resistance in the Hank’s simulated body fluid. The release behaviors of Ni ion of the alloy with and without SiO2 coating implanted in the acoustic vesicle of guinea pig were studied by EDS testing, which was inhibited effectively by the dense and stable SiO2 coating on the alloy.

Chemical Behavior of Cadmium in Purple Soil as Affected by Surfactants and EDTA

A soil batch experiment was conducted to investigate both separate and compound effects of three types of surfactants: anionic dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid sodiumsalt (DBSS), cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and non-ionic nonyl phenol polyethyleneoxy ether (TX-100), as well as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on cadmium solubility, sorption kinetics, and sorption-desorption behavior in purple soil. The results indicated that both individual application of the three types of surfactants and surfactants combined with EDTA could stimulate Cd extraction from the soil with a general effectiveness ranking of EDTA/TX-100 > EDTA/DBSS > EDTA/CTAB > EDTA > TX-100 > DBSS > CTAB. Further study showed that the compound application of surfactants and EDTA had stronger (P < 0.05) effects on Cd solubility than those added individually. The application of surfactants and EDTA to purple soil (P < 0.05) decreased the proportion of Cd sorbed, while their effectiveness ranking was similar to that of enhanced solubilization. The sorption kinetics of Cd in purple soil was best described by the double-constant equation, while the Freundlich equation gave an excellent fit to the sorption isotherm curves. Therefore, surfactant-enhanced remediation of Cd contaminated soil is feasible and further research should be conducted.

Sorption and Fractionation of a Peat Derived Humic Acid by Kaolinite, Montmorillonite, and Goethite

Sorption of humic acid （HA） on mineral surfaces has a profound interest regarding the fate of hydrophobic organic contaminants （HOCs） and carbon sequestration in soils. The objective of our study is to determine the fractionation behavior of HA upon sorption on mineral surfaces with varying surface properties. HA was coated sequentially on kaolinite （1：1 clay）, montmorillonite （2：1 clay）, and goethite （iron oxide） for four times. The unadsorbed HA fractions were characterized by elemental analysis, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy （DRIFT）, and solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy （NMR）. The mineral-HA complexes were characterized by DRIFT. Polarity index [（N＋O）/C] revealed higher polarity of the unadsorbed HA fractions after coating on kaolinite, reflecting that relatively higher polarity fractions of HA remain unadsorbed. Sorption of aiiphatic alcohol fraction along with carbohydrate was prominent on kaolinite surface. DRIFT results of the unadsorbed HA fractions indicated more sorption of aiiphatic moieties on both kaolinite and montmorillonite. DRIFT results of the unadsorbed HA fractions after sorption on kaolinite and goethite showed the sorption of the proteinaceons fractions of HA. The HA fractions obtained after coating on goethite showed significant sorption of carboxylic moieties. The results mentioned above comply reasonably well with the DRIFT spectra of the minerai-HA complexes. ^13C NMR results showed higher sorption of anomeric C on kaolinite surface. Higher sorption of paraffinic fraction waS observed on montmorillonite. NMR data inferred the sorption of carboxylic moieties on goethite surface. Overall, this study showed that aliphatic moieties of HA preferentially sorbed on kaolinite and montmorillonite, while carboxylic functional groups play a significant role in sorption of HA on goethite. The sorbed fractions of HA may modify the mineral surface properties, and thus, the interaction with organic contaminants.

Reuse of waste frying oil for production of rhamnolipids using Pseudomonas aeruginosa zju.u1M

In this work,rhamnolipid production was investigated using waste frying oil as the sole carbon source. By culture in shaking flasks,a naturally isolated strain synthesized rhamnolipid at concentration of 12.47 g/L and its mutant after treatment by UV light increased this productivity to 24.61 g/L. Fermentation was also conducted in a 50 L bioreactor and the productivity reached over 20 g/L. Hence,with a stable and high productive mutant strain,it could be feasible to reuse waste frying oil for rhamnolipid production on industrial scale.

Effect of solids on pulp and froth properties in flotation

Froth flotation is a widely used process of particle separation exploiting differences in surface properties. It is important to point out that overall flotation performance(grade and recovery) is a consequence of the quality and quantity of the solid particles collected from the pulp phase, transported into the froth phase, and surviving as bubble-particle aggregates into the overflow. This work will focus on studying these phenomena and will incorporate the effects of particle hydrophobicities in the 3-phase system. Solids are classed as either hydrophilic non-sulphide gangue(e.g. silica, talc), hydrophilic sulphide(e.g. pyrite), or hydrophobic sulphide(e.g. sphalerite). Talc is a surface-active species of gangue that has been shown to behave differently from silica(frother adsorbs on the surface of talc particles). Both are common components of ores and will be studied in detail. The focus of this work is to investigate the role of solids on pulp hydrodynamics, froth bubble coalescence intensity, water overflow rate with solids present, and in particular, the interactions between solids, frother and gas on the gas dispersion parameters. The results show that in the pulp zone there is no effect of solids on bubble size and gas holdup; in the froth zone, although hydrophilic particles solely do not effect on the water overflow rate, hydrophobic particles produce higher intensity of rates on water overflow and bubble coalescence, and many be attributed to the water reattachment.

Surface modification of calcium carbonate:A review of theories,methods and applications

Calcium carbonate,which is widely employed as a filler added into the polymer matrix,has large numbers of applications owing to the excellent properties such as low cost,non-toxicity,high natural reserves and biocompatibility.Nevertheless,in order to obtain the good filling effect,calcium carbonate needs to be surface modified by organic molecules so as to enhance the dispersion and compatibility within the composites.This review paper systematically introduces the theory,methods,and applications progress of calcium carbonate with surface modification.Additionally,the key factors that affect the properties of the composites as well as the current difficulties and challenges are highlighted.The current research progress and potential application prospects of calcium carbonate in the fields of plastics,rubber,paper,medicine and environmental protection are discussed as well.Generally,this review can provide valuable reference for the modification and comprehensive utilization of calcium carbonate.

Photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol with V_2O_5-TiO_2 catalysts: Effect of catalyst support and surfactant additives

Binary oxide catalysts with various weight percentage V2O5 loadings were prepared by solid‐state dispersion and the nanocomposites were modified with surfactants. The catalysts were analyzed using X‐ray diffraction, diffuse‐reflectance spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and N2 adsorption‐desorption. The photocatalytic activities of the catalysts were evaluated in the degradation of 2,4‐dichlorophenol under ultraviolet irradiation. The photocatalytic activity of 50 wt%V2O5‐TiO2 （50V2O5‐TiO2） was higher than those of pure V2O5, TiO2, and P25. Interactions between V2O5 and TiO2 affected the photocatalytic efficiencies of the binary oxide catalysts. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide （CTAB） and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide （HTAB） significantly enhanced the efficiency of the 50V2O5‐TiO2 catalyst. The highest per‐centage of 2,4‐dichlorophenol degradation （100%） and highest reaction rate （2.22 mg/（L·min）） were obtained in 30 min with the （50V2O5‐TiO2）‐CTAB catalyst. It is concluded that the addition of a surfactant to the binary oxide significantly enhanced the photocatalytic activity by modifying the optical and electronic properties of V2O5 and TiO2.

Interaction of nonionic surfactant AEO_9 with ionic surfactants

The interaction in two mixtures of a nonionic surfactant AEO9 (C12H25O(CH2CH2O)9H) and different ionic surfactants was investigated. The two mixtures were AEO9/sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and AEO9/cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) at molar fraction of AEO9, A EO9 α =0.5. The surface properties of the surfactants, critical micelle concentration (CMC), effectiveness of surface tension reduction (γCMC), maximum surface excess concentration (Γmax) and minimum area per molecule at the air/solution interface (Amin) were determined for both individual surfactants and their mixtures. The significant deviations from ideal behavior (attractive interactions) of the nonionic/ionic surfactant mixtures were determined. Mixtures of both AEO9/SDS and AEO9/CTAB exhibited synergism in surface tension reduction efficiency and mixed micelle formation, but neither exhibited synergism in surface tension reduction effectiveness.

Improving Interfacial Electrochemistry of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathode Coated by Mn3O4

In this work the surface of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4(LMN)particles is modified by Mn3O4 coating through a simple wet grinding method,the electronic conductivity is significantly improved from 1.53×10^-7 S/cm to 3.15×10^-5 S/cm after 2.6 wt%Mn3O4 coating.The electrochemical test results indicate that Mn3O4 coating dramatically enhances both rate performance and cycling capability(at 55℃)of LNM.Among the samples,2.6 wt%Mn3O4-coated LNM not only exhibits excellent rate capability(a large capacity of 108 m Ah/g at 10 C rate)but also shows 78%capacity retention at 55 ℃ and 1 C rate after 100 cycles.

Efficacies of β-L-D4A against Hepatitis B virus in 2.2.15 cells

AIM： To investigate the antiviral effect of beta-L- enantiomer of 2;3＇-didehydro-2＇,3″-dideoxyadenosine （13-L-D4A） on 2.2.15 cells transfected with the hepatitis B virus （HBV） genome.METHODS： Lamivudine （3TC） as a positive control. Then, HBV DNA in treated 2.2.15 cells and the Hepatitis B surface antigen （HBsAg） in the culture supernatants were detected to determine the inhibitory effect of β-L- D4A. At the same time, 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT） was used to detect the survival ratio of 2.2.15 cells.RESULTS： β-L-D4A has a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on HBV DNA replication; this effect was apparent when the concentration was above 1 mol/L. When β-L- D4A was at the highest concentration, 100 mol/L, the HBsAg inhibition ratio was above 50%. The Therapeutic index （TI） of β-L-D4A was above 2.1.CONCLUSION： β-L-D4A has a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the replication of HBV DNA and the secretion of HBsAg at low toxicity,

Screening of Surface Medication Agents and Modification Mechanism of Fly Ash

The fly ash from Jixi power plant was treated with various surface modifiers. The surface properties of the modified fly ash,including active index wetting angle,were measured in this paper. The modified fly ash was filled into rubber to improve the rubber properties. The results of rubber tests indicate that the type of the surface modifiers has a great influence on the rubber reinforcing properties. The fly ash modified by titanate coupling agents exhibits the best performance in respect to rubber reinforcing properties. The test results show that the fly ash can take place of some decomposition material so that the dosage of decomposition in rubber can be reduced,resulting in the low producing cost of rubber and the low pollution of fly ash.

Liver cold preservation induce lung surfactant changes and acute lung injury in rat liver transplantation

AIM： To investigate the relationship between donor liver cold preservation, lung surfactant （LS） changes and acute lung injury （ALI） after liver transplantation. METHODS： Liver transplantation models were estab- lished using male Wistar rats. Donor livers were pre- served in University of Wisconsin solution at 4 ℃ for different lengths of time. The effect of ammonium pyr- rolidinedithiocarbamate （PDTC） on ALI was also detect- ed. All samples were harvested after 3 h reperfusion.The severity of AU was evaluated by lung weight/body weight ratio, lung histopathological score, serum nitric oxide （NO） and endothelin （ET）-I levels, lung tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α and interleukin （IL）-1β levels. Lung surfactants （LSs） were determined by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. RESULTS： With extended donor liver cold preservation time （CPT）, lung histopathological scores, serum ET-i levels, lung weight/body weight ratio and the level of TNF-α and IL-1β in lung were increased significantly in the 180-min group compared with the sham group （3.16± 0.28 vs 1.12 ± 0.21, P 〈 0.001; 343.59±53.97 vs 141.53± 48.48, P 〈 0.001; 0.00687 ±0.00037 vs 0.00557 ±0.00056, P 〈 0.001; 17.5 ± 3.0 vs 1,3 ± 0.3, P 〈 0.001; 10.8± 2.3 vs 1.8 ± 0.4, P 〈 0.001）, but serum NO levels decreased remarkably （74.67 ± 10.01 vs 24.97 ± 3.18, P 〈 0.001）. The expression of lung phos- phatidylcholine （PC）, phosphatidylethanolamine （PE）, phosphatidylinositol （PI） and phosphatidylserine （PS） increased when CPT was 〈 120 rain, and decreased when CPT was 〉 180 min （PC： 1318.89 ± 54.79 vs 1011.18± 59.99, P 〈 0.001; PE： 1504.45± 119.96 vs 1340.80±76.39, P = 0.0019; PI： 201.23 ± 34.82 vs 185.88 ± 17.04, P = 0.2265; PS： 300.43±32.95 vs 286.55± 55.55, P = 0.5054）. All these ALI-associated indexes could be partially reversed by PDTC treatment.

Stability and Drag Reduction in Transient Channel Flow of Fibre Suspension

Drag reduction features in the transition regime of channel flow with fibre suspension were analyzed in terms of the linear stability theory. The modified stability equation was obtained based on the slender-body theory and natural closure approximation. Results of the stability analysis show attenuating effects of fibre additives to the flow instability. For the cases leading to transition, drag reduction rate increases with the characteristic parameter H of fibres. The mechanism of drag reduction by fibres is revealed through the variation of velocity profile and the decrease of wall shear stress. The theoretical results are qualitatively consistent with some typical experiments.