机械加工件表面层物理学性能改变的主要成因及处理措施

本文分析了影响加工件表面层物理学性能的主要因素,并提出了控制措施。可起到控制生产过程,提高加工表面质量的作用,从而提高产品的工作性能。

谢希德校长

谢希德先生是著名物理学家、教育家，我国半导体物理学的开拓者之一，我国表面物理学的先驱者和奠基人。

改性石墨烯纳米材料气敏特性的理论研究

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算方法,研究单个CO和O2气体分子在多种金属原子修饰的石墨烯表面的吸附作用.结果表明,空位缺陷结构的石墨烯能够显著提高金属原子的稳定性,失去部分电荷的金属原子有助于调控气体分子的吸附特性.对比发现,单个金属Al和Mo原子掺杂的石墨烯体系对O2分子具有极高的灵敏性和选择性.通过不同气体分子的吸附能够调控石墨烯体系的电子结构和磁性.研究结果测试了不同金属原子修饰石墨烯表面的反应活性,为设计新型金属-石墨烯功能器件提供参考.

眼镜、放大镜、显微镜及显微术

TH742.9 94064120扫描隧道显微镜=Scanning tunneling microscope[刊,中]/黄皙恒,何宝鹏(华南师范大学)//大学物理.—1994,13(4).—36—37,27表面物理学的迅速发展急需一种能够观测物质表面结构的显微术,直到1981年,扫描隧道显微镜问世.阐述了扫描隧道显微镜的物理原理。

CAS Physicist Receives Achievement in Asia Award

Wang Enge (Enge WANC a research professor at the CAS Institute of Physics,has been honored with 2002 - 2003 Achievement in Asia Award (AAA) of the Overseas Chinese PhysicsAssociation (OCPA). This was announced by OCPA awarding committee chair CheukYin Ng, professor ofUniversity of California, on June 23. Prof. WeiShu Hou from the Taiwan University was also honoredwith the AAA Award.

CoFeB/MgO磁隧道结的低电流密度磁矩翻转特性

基于Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert-Slonczewski(LLGS)方程,研究平面型Co Fe B/Mg O磁隧道结的磁矩翻转特性.数值计算结果表明,Co Fe B与Mg O间的界面各向异性,可降低磁矩翻转的阈值电流密度,达到106A/cm2量级.固定层磁矩方向和类场自旋转移力矩对自由层磁矩的翻转时间有重要影响.当固定层磁矩与自由层磁矩之间有一个小角度时,可显著加快自由层磁矩翻转.当类场自旋转移力矩与自旋转移力矩之比为负值时,类场自旋转移力矩与自旋转移力矩将促进自由层磁矩翻转;当相应的类场自旋转移力矩与自旋转移力矩之比为正值时,类场自旋转移力矩将阻碍自由层磁矩翻转.该研究可供自旋转移力矩驱动的磁性随机存储器件设计借鉴.

Relationship Between Iron Oxides and Surface Charge Characteristics in Soils

The relationship between iron oxides and surface charge characteristics in variable charge soils ( latosol and red earth ) was studied in following three ways. ( 1 ) Remove free iron oxides ( Fed ) and amorphous iron oxides ( Feo ) from the soils with sodium dithionite and acid ammonium oxalate solution respectively. ( 2 ) Add 2% glucose ( on the basis of air-dry soil weight ) to soils and incubate under submerged condition to activate iron oxides, and then the mixtures are dehydrated and air-dried to age iron oxides. ( 3 ) Precipitate various crystalline forms of iron oxides onto kaolinite. The results showed that free iron oxides ( Fed ) were the chief carrier of variable positive charges. Of which crystalline iron oxides ( Fed-Feo ) presented mainly as discrete particles in the soils and could only play a role of the carrier of positive charges, and did little influence on negative charges. Whereas the amorphous iron oxides ( Feo ) , which presented mainly as a coating with a large specific surface area, not only had positive charges, but also blocked the negative charge sites in soils. Submerged incubation activated iron oxides in the soils, and increased the amount of amorphous iron oxides and the degree of activation of iron oxide, which resulted in the increase of positive and negative charges of soils. Dehydration and air-dry aged iron oxides in soils and decreased the amount of amorphous iron oxides and the degree of activation of iron oxide, and also led to the decrease of positive and negative charges. Both the submerged incubation and the dehydration and air-dry had no significant influence on net charges. Precipitation of iron oxides onto kaolinite markedly increased positive charges and decreased negative charges. Amorphous iron oxide having a larger surface area contributed more positive charge sites and blocked more negative charge sites in kaolinite than crystalline goethite.

Vibrational Spectra and Potential Energy Surface for Electronic Ground State of Jet-Cooled Molecule S2O

The vibration states of transition molecule S2O, including both bending and stretching vibrations, are studied in the framework of dynamical symmetry groups . We get all the vibration spectra of S2O by fitting 22 spectra data with 10 parameters. The fitting rms of the Hamiltonian is 2.12 cm-1. With the parameters and Lie algebraic theory, we give the analytical expression of the potential energy surface, which helps us to calculate the dissociation energy and force constants of S2O in the electronic ground state.

Effects of surface physicochemical properties on NH_3-SCR activity of MnO_2 catalysts with different crystal structures

α‐,β‐,δ‐,andγ‐MnO2nanocrystals are successfully prepared.We then evaluated the NH3selective catalytic reduction(SCR)performance of the MnO2catalysts with different phases.The NOx conversion efficiency decreased in the order:γ‐MnO2>α‐MnO2>δ‐MnO2>β‐MnO2.The NOx conversion with the use ofγ‐MnO2andα‐MnO2catalysts reached90%in the temperature range of140–200°C,while that based onβ‐MnO2reached only40%at200°C.Theγ‐MnO2andα‐MnO2nanowire crystal morphologies enabled good dispersion of the catalysts and resulted in a relatively high specific surface area.We found thatγ‐MnO2andα‐MnO2possessed stronger reducing abilities and more and stronger acidic sites than the other catalysts.In addition,more chemisorbed oxygen existed on the surface of theγ‐MnO2andα‐MnO2catalysts.Theγ‐MnO2andα‐MnO2catalysts showed excellent performance in the low‐temperature SCR of NO to N2with NH3.

LIQUID-PHASE ADSORPTION KINETICS OF ISOMALTOTRIOSE ON Ca^(2+) EXCHANGE RESIN

The adsorption of isomaltotriose from aqueous solution on Ca2+ resin was investigated. The adsorption isotherm and the rate curve were determined. The pseudo-first-order model, pseudo-second-order model and the intraparticle diffusion model were used to predict the rate constants of adsorption. The activation energy of adsorption has been also evaluated using the pseudo-second-order rate constants. The results showed that the adsorption of isomaltotriose onto Ca2+ resin is an exothermically activated process. The adsorption isotherm can be described by Langmuir equation. The pseudo-second-order model can fit well to the adsorption rate curve of isomaltotriose onto Ca2+ resin. It suggests that the adsorption of isomaltotriose onto Ca2+ resin involve chemical adsorption.

局域功函数图像及其在Cu(111)-Au/Pd表面的应用

用扫描隧道显微镜 (STM)对Cu(111) Au和Cu(111) Pd表面的局域功函数进行了研究 .通过测量隧道电流对针尖样品间距的响应 ,得到了与STM形貌图一一对应的表面局域功函数图像 .实验发现 ,Au Pd覆盖层和Cu衬底间的功函数有明显的不同 .Pd薄膜的功函数甚至超过了其体本征值 ,且功函数在台阶处变小 .用偶极子的形成解释了台阶处功函数的降低 .这一工作表明 ,用测量局域功函数的方法容易区分表面上不同的元素 ,并具有纳米尺度的空间分辨率 .

Surface circulation derived from drifting buoys in mid- and low-latitude Pacific

A dataset of drifting buoys from the Marine Environmental Data Service of Canada was analyzed to map surface circulation of the Pacific. More information of the surface circulation than that acquired before was reported in this paper, showing clear and strong western boundary currents, equato- rial currents, and subtropical gyres in the North and South Pacific regions in velocity field, with a more systematic structure in the North Pacific.

一种新颖的制作规则微结构方法

在偶氮苯聚合物薄膜表面成功地制作出光致六角对称微结构和光致长方微结构。实验结果表明根据简单理论已经可以控制这种光致规则微结构的几何对称性 ,并且指出微结构的晶格常数同样可以控制。这种制作规则微结构的方法设备简单 ,操作快捷 ,有广泛的应用前景。

Si(111)7×7结构模型的稳定性研究

本文基于有相互作用的结构件的概念,对Si(111)7×7结构模型的稳定性进行研究。利用紧束缚法,计算了各种结构件的形成能及其相互作用能。由这些结构件可灵活地构成各种大单胞的表面结构并对其进行总能计算,而避免了大工作量的计算。对Si(111)5×5和7×7 DAS模型,我们得到其表面能分别为-0.467eV和-0.477eV,与Qian和Chadi的结果很接近。并指出,Harrison提出的7×7吸附原子模型和Binnig等人提出的7×7吸附原子-空位模型都是不稳定的。

Analysis of the coated and textured ring/liner conjunction based on a thermal mixed lubrication model

For the ring/liner conjunction, well‐designed surface texturing has been regarded as a potential means to improve its tribological performance, as well as the application of coating. However, so far most researchers focused on the one of these aspects. In this study, the combined effect of coating and texturing on the performance of ring/liner conjunction is numerically investigated. A thermal mixed lubrication model is presented. The effects of the coating's thermal and mechanical properties on the tribological performance are studied under the cold and warm engine operating conditions. Along with the increasing coating thickness, the effects of the coating's thermal properties on friction loss are found to be significant, as well as the effects of the coating's mechanical properties. It is also found that a soft coating with a lower thermal inertia has a greater ability to reduce the friction loss of the textured conjunction.

Growth and in situ high-pressure reflection high energy electron difraction monitoring of oxide thin films

Interface and surface physics is an important sub-discipline within condensed matter physics in recent decades. Novel concepts like oxide-electronic device are prompted, and their performance and lifetime are highly dependent on the flatness and abruptness of the layer surfaces and interfaces. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction （RHEED）, which is extremely sensitive to surface morphology, has proven to be a versatile technique for the growth study of oxide thin films. A differential pumping unit enables an implementation of RHEED to pulsed laser deposition （PLD） systems, ensuring an in situ monitoring of the film growth process in a conventional PLD working oxygen pressure up to 30 Pa. By optimizing the deposition conditions and analyzing the RHEED intensity oscillations, layer-by-layer growth mode can be attained. Thus atomic control of the film surface and unit-cell control of the film thickness become reality. This may lead to an advanced miniaturization in the oxide electronics, and more importantly the discovery of a range of emergent physical properties at the interfaces. Herein we will briefly introduce the principle of high-pressure RHEED and summarize our main results relevant to the effort toward this objective, including the growth and characterization of twinned Laz/3Caj/3MnO3 thin films and ReTiO〉6/2 （Re = La, Nd; ~5 = 0 - 1） AnBnO3n＋2 structures, on YSZ-buffered ＇Silicon on Insulator＇ and LaA103 substrates, respectively, as well as the study of the initial structure and growth dynamics of YBazCu307-6 thin films on SrTiO3 substrate. Presently we have realized in situ monitoring and growth mode control during oxide thin film deposition process.

Realization approach of Pd-only three-way catalysts with high catalytic performance and thermal stability

Pd-only three-way catalyst （TWC）, Pd supported on washcoating （the mixture of alumina and Ce-Zr solid solution）/cordierite, was prepared and its catalytic performance and the operation window （2-value） at 450 ℃ were evaluated with the simulated automotive exhaust feed gas. Surfactants such as Tween-80 and Span-20 were added in the process of preparing the catalyst in order to improve the thermal stability and catalytic performance of Pd-only TWC. The fresh and aged catalysts at 1000 ℃ for 4 h were characterized by low-temperature N2 adsorption, XRD, XPS, and H2-TPR techniques. The results show that the presence of surfactants in the synthesis slurry could influence the physicochemical properties of the final Pd-only TWC. The FTS catalyst prepared with the mixed surfactant of Tween-80 and Span-20 exhibited excellent three-way catalytic performance. After being aged at 1000℃ for 4 h, the catalytic performances of Pd-only TWCs slightly decreased, but the FTS catalyst still demonstrated higher catalytic performance and better thermal stability compared with the Pd-only catalysts prepared with single surfactant or without any surfactant. And the FTS catalyst has a wider 2 value （operation window） than other catalysts, even after being aged at 1000℃.

Acoustic emission characterization of sliding wear under condition of direct and inverse transformations in lowtemperature degradation aged Y-TZP and Y-TZP-Al_2O_3

In this research, results of the investigation of the sliding friction and wear of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline(Y-TZP) and Y-TZP-Al_2O_3 samples preliminarily subjected to low-temperature degradation are reported. The investigation was carried out using a pin-on-disk tribometer with simultaneous recording of acoustic emission(AE) and vibration acceleration. The sliding wear process was found to be determined by dynamic direct and inverse Y-TZP transformations detected by monoclinic and tetragonal X-ray diffraction peak ratios. The AE signals generated under direct and inverse transformations can be used to characterize wear and friction mechanisms as well as direct and inversed sliding-induced phase transformations. The AE signal energy grows with the friction coefficient and the inverse transformation degree. Reduction of the AE signal energy indicates establishing the mild wear stage caused by effective stress-induced direct martensitic transformation. The AE signal median frequency increases in the case of lower friction. Numerical studies of wear subsurface fracture under conditions of stress-induced martensitic transformation were used to elucidate the role played by the phase transformation in Y-TZP and Y-TZP-Al_2O_3. Martensitic transformation in Y-TZP was described with use of the non-associated dilatant plasticity model. Simulation results particularly show that increase in the value of dilatancy coefficient from 0 to 0.2 is accompanied by 25%-30% reduce in characteristic length and penetration depth of sliding-induced subsurface cracks. As shown the AE may be an effective tool for in-situ monitoring the subsurface wear of materials experiencing both direct and inverse transformations.