溶胶-凝胶法制备的光学薄膜表面粒度及其分布

本文研究了溶胶 -凝胶法制备的光学薄膜表面粒度及其分布 ,结果表明 :膜表面的粒度大小与热处理温度及陈化时间有关 ,粒度分布函数可分为泊松分布。

溶胶-凝胶法制备的光学薄膜表面粒度及其分布

本文研究了溶胶 -凝胶法制备的光学薄膜表面粒度及其分布 ,结果表明 :膜表面的粒度大小与热处理温度及陈化时间有关 ,粒度分布函数可为泊松分布 。

硅抛光片表面质量测试技术综述

随着硅抛光片尺寸逐渐增大,硅抛光片表面质量测试逐步被人们所关注。表面金属离子含量以及表面颗粒度成为衡量硅抛光片表面质量的重要指标,对表面金属离子含量以及表面颗粒度的测试原理以及设备进展进行了介绍。

LED用GaAs抛光片清洗技术研究

伴随着LED照明产业的迅猛发展,高质量的GaAs抛光片需求量日益增大。研究了一种有效的直径5.08cm低阻GaAs免洗抛光片的清洗技术,采用异丙醇低温超声去蜡结合兆声湿法清洗工艺,使晶片表面达到了低表面颗粒度、极低表面金属离子浓度,并形成了较薄的富As氧化层表面。表面颗粒度通过Tencor6220测试大于0.3μm的颗粒少于10个,通过TXRF测试表面金属离子个数均控制在9×1010/cm2以内;通过台阶仪测量表面粗糙度为0.8nm,通过偏振光椭圆率测量仪测得均一的2nm厚表面氧化层。

新世纪我国球团矿生产技术现状及发展趋势

本文综合介绍了我国跨入二十一世纪以来,球团矿生产的发展状况。论述了大力发展球团生产的价值和球团矿生产面临的问题和对策,并提出了发展我国球团矿生产的五点展望。

InSb晶片清洗研究

随着红外探测器件制备工艺的不断发展,人们对InSb晶片表面质量的要求也越来越高,但是晶片在生产过程中不可避免地会引进各种杂质。研究了一种利用兆声超声并结合药液去离子水清洗InSb晶片的方法,并对清洗后的InSb晶片进行了表面颗粒度、表面有机物和表面粗糙度等方面的测量。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效去除InSb晶片表面的颗粒、有机物和金属离子杂质,但是也会略微增大晶片表面的粗糙度。

Effects of surface roughness of substrate on properties of Ti/TiN/Zr/ZrN multilayer coatings

Ti/TiN/Zr/ZrN multilayer coatings were deposited on Cr_17Ni_2 steel substrates with different surface roughnesses by vacuum cathodic arc deposition method. Microstructure, micro-hardness, adhesion strength and cross-sectional morphology of the obtained multilayer coatings were investigated. The results show that the Vickers hardness of Ti/TiN/Zr/ZrN multilayer coating, with a film thickness of 11.37 μm, is 29.36 GPa. The erosion and salt spray resistance performance of Cr_17Ni_2 steel substrates can be evidently improved by Ti/TiN/Zr/ZrN multilayer coating. The surface roughness of Cr_17Ni_2 steel substrates plays an important role in determining the mechanical and erosion performances of Ti/TiN/Zr/ZrN multilayer coatings. Overall, a low value of the surface roughness of substrates corresponds to an improved performance of erosion and salt spray resistance of multilayer coatings. The optimized performance of Ti/TiN/Zr/ZrN multilayer coatings can be achieved provided that the surface roughness of Cr_17Ni_2 steel substrates is lower than 0.4μm.

SURFACE ROUGHNESS EVOLUTION AND FORMABILITY OF INTERSTITIAL FREE SHEET STEEL TO GRAIN SIZE AND SHEET THICKNESS

Experimental study has been conducted for an interstitial free(IF) sheet steel on its surface roughness evolution and formability with respect to grain size and sheet thickness effect. The surface roughness of IF sheet steel is proportional to effective strain, grain size and inversely proportional to sheet thickness; the larger grain reduces the formability by accelerating the surface roughening rate and enhance formability by raising the workhardening rate, while the latter effect plays the dominate role. The grain size effect on surface roughening and formability is more obvious when the sheets are thinner.

Comparative morphological and crystallographic analysis of copper powders obtained under different electrolysis conditions

Production of copper powders by the potentiostatic electrolysis under different hydrogen evolution conditions was investigated. Copper powders were characterized by the scanning electron microscope(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),particle size distribution(PSD), and by the determination of the specific surface area(SSA) of the formed powders. Depending on quantity of hydrogen generated during electrolysis, the two types of particles were formed: dendrites and cauliflower-like particles. The dendrites were formed without, while cauliflower-like particles with the quantity of evolved hydrogen enough to achieve strong effect on hydrodynamic conditions in the near-electrode layer. Although macro structure of the particles was very different, they showed similar micro structure. Namely, both types of the particles consisted of smalal agglomerates of approximately spherical Cu grains at the micro level. The existence of the spherical morphology was just responsible for random orientation of Cu crystallites in both types of particles. The SSA of cauliflower-like particles was more than two times larger than that of the dendrites, while their size was considerably smaller than that of the dendritic particles. In this way, the useful benefit of Cu powder formation in the conditions of vigorous hydrogen evolution is shown.

基于Surfscan的椭圆缺陷测量

为满足快速准确测量分子束外延(MBE)生长的GaAs表面椭圆缺陷,提出了基于表面颗粒度扫描仪(Surfscan)测量椭圆缺陷的方法。根据理论计算,将Surfscan的测试模型由球形优化为更适用于椭圆缺陷的椭球形测试模型。由于椭圆缺陷的长轴基本都沿[1■0]方向,通过旋转晶片,分别沿着外延片的[1■0]和[110]晶向上进行激光扫描,测量外延片表面缺陷的尺寸、位置和数量,并通过Surfscan的数据分析系统读取选取椭圆缺陷的长轴和短轴尺寸,然后利用椭球形测试模型计算出所选取椭圆缺陷的长轴和短轴尺寸,与光学显微镜测试结果比较发现,Surfscan测试的原始数据与光学显微镜测试结果差别较大,而经椭球测试模型优化后的结果与光学显微镜测试结果一致;利用两次扫描的缺陷尺寸和数量的变化以及椭圆缺陷的长短轴比,能够计算出椭圆缺陷的数量和占总缺陷的比例,与光学显微镜测试结果较为一致。相比于光学显微镜测试外延片缺陷用时几十分钟,Surfscan测试只需要10 min左右就可完成,缩短了测试时间,并且可以扫描样品的整个表面,减少了人为因素的影响,重复性更好,满足生产需要。

Grain-size related nitrogen distribution in southern Yellow Sea surface sediments

Forty-eight surface sediments of the southern Yellow Sea are separated into three grain-size frac- tions. Four forms of extractable nitrogen (nitrogen in ion-exchangeable form (Nie), nitrogen in weak-acid ex- tractable form (Nwa), nitrogen in strong-alkali extractable form (Nsa) and nitrogen in strong-oxidant form (Nso)) are obtained by the sequential extraction. The results show that the contents and the distributions of the extract- able nitrogen in the southern Yellow Sea surface sediments are closely related to sediment grain size. The distri- butions of Nie, Nso and total nitrogen (TN) present positive correlations with fine particles content, while Nwa and Nsa does not have such correlation. The net contents of all the forms of nitrogen increase with sediment grain size finer.

Numerical Analysis on the Characteristics of Soot Particles in C2H4/CO2/O2/N2 Combustion

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of soot particles in C2H4/CO2/O2/N2 com- bustion at equivalence ratio of 3.0-5.0. As the oxidant is switched from conventional air to CO2/O2/N2 mixture, the key species C2H2, C3H3 responsible for formation of first aromatic ring, the apical aromatics and 4zring aromatics total production rate all decrease greatly. In addition, with CO2 mole fraction from 0.2 to 0.5 in the mixture, the soot particle number density, volume fraction, surface area density, which are three most important parameters to soot oarticle orooertv, are suooressed obviously. Furthermore, the increasing content of C02 in the oxidizer influences mostly H, OH radical concentrations by two reactins CO ＋ OH == CO2＋ H and H ＋ O2===O＋ OH, and the procluction rate ofvo reactions declined, which revealed that C02 in mixture has an inhibiting ef- fect on soot particle generation.

Determination of efficient superfinishing conditions for mirror surface finishing of titanium

To determine mirror surface finishing conditions and efficient and economical superfinishing conditions for pure titanium and titanium alloys, an abrasive film is used when superfinishing is performed under varying conditions. These conditions include the workpiece rotation speed, the oscillation speed, the contact pressure of the roller, the hardness of the roller, and the type of abrasive film. The superfinishing device is applied to polishing a thin and long cylindrical bar. A micro-finishing film and a lapping film were used as abrasive films. A1203 grains or SiC grains were used as abrasives. The surface roughness of a polished workpiece was measured using a stylus-type surface-roughness measuring instrument. As a result, the conditions to improve the polishing surface efficiently include high values for the workpiece rotation speed, oscillation speed and contact pressure. The roller hardness has no effect on the efficient polishing conditions. The mirror finish of a surface can be created using lapping film of 3 μm with Al2O3 grains after polishing to a steady surface roughness under the efficient polishing conditions.

Preparation and Properties of Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate Chemically Modified Temperature-Sensitive Microgels

A novel series of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (p(NIPAM-co-HEMA)) microgels were prepared through precipitation polymerization. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were employed to characterize the microgels. The experimental results indicate that the prepared microgels with narrow distribution remain good temperature sensitivity after incorporation of functional-OH groups. In marked contrast to the general rule, incorporation of hydrophilic HEMA makes the volume-phase-transition temperature shift to the lower temperature due to the strong intermolecular H-bonding between amide and -OH groups, -OH and -OH groups.

Formation of Rutile Nanoparticles from the Condensed Disperse Phase at a Surface of High-Temperature Particles

The photos, which are done by electron microscope, of the condensed disperse phase, surrounding high-temperature metal particles are presented. The dependence of concentration of condensed dispersive phase which surrounds a high-temperature metal particle upon the temperature of the particle was obtained. The dependence of concentration of electrons in condensed dispersive phase upon the temperature of the particle was studied. The dependence of an equilibrium charge of a metal particle surrounded with condensed disperse phase on the temperature of a particle in a positive and negative region is presented. The dependence of a charge of a metal particle on time at the fixed temperature is obtained.

The Role of Harmattan in the Edaphic Processes in the Extreme-North-Cameroon

In the Cameroonian sudano-sahelian and sahelian zone, karal soils i.e., vertisoils and soils with vertic similarities largely spread on tropical black clay in depressions and fiat sectors. Those black cotton soils are out of season＇s sorghum loft, locally called as muskwari. As the staple diet in the Cameroonian dry areas, this crop becomes more and more an alternative to drying or better to climate changes. Till now, those soils are considered to be lacustrine or they are resulting just from weathering, according to pedologic researchs. The purpose of this communication, therefore, is to show the effects of Harmattan on the basis of our field＇s observations, investigations and superficial deposits＇ analysis： granulometry and diffractometry in the laboratory. Harmattan is a dry and stable air mass which originates from the saharian anticyclone. Its participation in edaphics process is very relevant. Indeed, dust storms take place throughout the dry season and vertisoil spreads out on various topographic locations bringing about homogeneity of texture and similarity of mineralogic spectrum. Their high kaolinite content, thin granulometric component （fine sand, silt and clay） are indicative of Aeolian loessial dust deposits. It could not be something else in this area of the most southern saharian blow of the great Saharo-Sahelian GWAS （global wind action system） in sub-equatorial latitudes, in line with the venturi formed by Ennedi and Tibesti mountains.

Numerical Simulation of Char Particle Gasification

A first principal modeling of the gasification of a char particle is performed using single step mechanism. The char particle is considered to be spherical in shape and only the physical and chemical properties can change in the radial direction. The carbon dioxide is used as the gasification agent that reacts with the char and form carbon monoxide. The presence of both solid and gaseous phase species makes the reaction heterogeneous. The char particle is considered with varying porosity that also allows the change in the surface area of the particle. A time invariant temperature and pressure profile is used at which the Arrhenius rate constant and diffusion is calculated. The mass conservation of model results in the form of two coupled partial differential and one ordinary differential equation. The equations are solved with a set of initial and boundary conditions using the bulk species concentration at the particle surface. A second order accurate central differencing scheme is used to discretize space while backward differencing is used to discretize time. Finally, the results are presented for the concentration distribution of CO and CO2 in radial direction with respect to time. It shows that, maximum concentration of CO is present at the center of the particle while the concentration gradient becomes higher near the particle surface. The nonlinear concentration trend due to the diffusion is effectively captured. The results show that, completed conversion of char depend upon the time provided for the reaction which can be reduced by decreasing the size of particle or increasing the reaction temperature. The sensitivity study of temperature and initial porosity also performed and showed that temperature has high impact on char conversion as compare to initial porosity.

比粒度研究的新进展

本文作者经长年反复试验研究,在打破了细度模数框框后,研究发现了"集料粒度与表面积关系法则",据而提出以"比粒度"表述砂石粒度的新方法,解决了"细度模数与不同细度砂子的比表面积没有相关性"的上述缺欠。较明确地得出比粒度为1的砂子,每kg表面积约为1m2的规律,进一步有利于"比粒度"这种方法在混凝土科研与生产中的应用。

Surface properties of encapsulating hydrophobic nanoparticles regulate the main phase transition temperature of lipid bilayers： A simulation study

The main phase transition temperature of a lipid membrane, which is vital for its biomedical applications such as controllable drug release, can be regulated by encapsulating hydrophobic nanoparticles into the membrane. However, the exact relationship between surface properties of the encapsulating nanoparticles and the main phase transition temperature of a lipid membrane is far from clear. In the present work we performed coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to meet this end. The results show the surface roughness of nanoparticles and the density of surface-modifying molecules on the nanoparticles are responsible for the regulation. Increasing the surface roughness of the nanoparticles increases the main phase transition temperature of the lipid membrane, whereas it can be decreased in a nonlinear way via increasing the density of surface-modifying molecules on the nanoparticles. The results may provide insights for understanding recent experimental studies and promote the applications of nanoparticles in controllable drug release by regulating the main phase transition temperature of lipid vesicles.

A method to estimate concentrations of surface-level particulate matter using satellite-based aerosol optical thickness

We propose a new method to estimate surface-level particulate matter(PM)concentrations by using satellite-retrieved Aerosol Optical Thickness(AOT).This method considers the distribution and variation of Planetary Boundary Layer(PBL)height and relative humidity(RH)at the regional scale.The method estimates surface-level particulate matter concentrations using the data simulated by an atmospheric boundary layer model RAMS and satellite-retrieved AOT.By incorporation MODIS AOT,PBL height and RH simulated by RAMS,this method is applied to estimate the surface-level PM 2.5 concentrations in North China region.The result is evaluated by using 16 ground-based observations deployed in the research region,and the result shows a good agreement between estimated PM 2.5 concentrations and observations,and the coefficient of determination R2 is 0.61 between the estimated PM 2.5 concentrations and the observations.In addition,surface-level PM 2.5 concentrations are also estimated by using MODIS AOT,ground-based LIDAR observations and RH measurements.A comparison between the two estimated PM 2.5 concentrations shows that the new method proposed in this paper is better than the traditional method.The coefficient of determination R2 is improved from 0.32 to 0.62.