泌尿道结石术后留置双J管表面结石形成的原因分析及防范措施研究

分析泌尿道结石术后留置双J管表面结石形成的原因,并提出针对性的防范措施,提升患者术后治疗效果。方法 选取本院2023年1月-2023年12月收治的泌尿道结石术后留置双J管表面结石形成患者共计80例为研究对象,对患者进行术后随访1月,统计患者术后表面结石的复发率,分析泌尿道结石成分、不同组别尿石成分与双J管表面结石形成比例、双J管表面结石形成与尿液关系。结果 80例泌尿道结石术后留置双J管患者中检测结石成分中含钙盐结石患者数量占27.50%;尿酸结石占21.25%;发生无水尿酸患者占64.15%;草酸钙盐结石患者占15.31%;PH≥6.5的患者人数占总数的72.50%;白细胞定性阳性的患者人数占总数的25.75%;白细胞定性阴性的患者占总数的32.50%。结论:患者术后留置双J管时间过长、酸性环境、合并泌尿系感染、尿白细胞升高是导致双J管表面结石形成的独立危险因素,针对患者结石形成的原因给予针对性地预防干预可以降低术后结石复发的概率,提升患者术后康复效果。

心脏表面结石1例报告

死者，女性，16岁，西藏人。因3次突然发生气紧、心慌、胸闷入院。临床诊断：“阵发性室上性心动过速”。1987年5月20日首次发作，静推西地兰0.2mg，5分钟转为窦性心律。心电图诊断：“预激综合征”“A”型。1987年12月13日又发作，用西地兰、异博定等药物无效。用美速克（新命）10mg加入50％GS40毫升静脉缓推，4分钟时转为窦性，仅维持15分钟又复发。改用普鲁卡因酰胺400mg加入50％GS40毫升静推，续用500mg缓滴维持。2小时转为窦性后稳定。1988年元月10日再次复发，对上述多类抗心律失常药物无效。用电压200w/秒，电击后，呼吸停止2分钟，心电图仍为“室上速”。病情进行性加重，抢救无效死亡。

尿道表面麻醉下气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管中、下段结石(附138例报告)

目的探讨尿道表面麻醉输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石治疗输管中下段结石的临床疗效.方法对1994年3月～2001年3月采用输尿管镜及气压弹道碎石、尿道表面麻醉下治疗的输尿管中下段结石138例进行总结分析.结果碎石成功120例,成功率87.3%,并发症主要为泌尿系感染(13例)和输尿管损伤(2例).结论尿道表面麻醉门诊治疗输尿管中下段结石安全、有效、损伤小,特别适合于女性病人.

Characterization of foreign grain on 6H-SiC facet

6H-SiC single crystals were grown by sublimation method. It is found that foreign grains occur frequently on the facets of the crystals. To characterize the foreign grain, a longitudinal and a sectional cut samples were prepared by standard mechanical processing method. Raman spectrum confirms that the foreign grain is actually a mis-oriented 6H-SiC grain. The surface structure of the foreign grain was studied by chemical etching and optical microscopy. It is shown that etch pits in foreign grain region take the shape of isosceles triangle, which are different from those in mono-crystalline region, and high density stacking faults are observed on the surface of the foreign grain. The orientation of foreign grain surface is determined to be （10]-4） plane by back-scattering X-ray Laue image. The X-ray powder diffraction reveals that the powder is partly graphitized after a long crystal growth rim. Therefore it is believed that the loss of Si results in the formation of C inclusions, which is responsible for the nucleation of foreign grain in the facet region.

Mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite-zirconia coatings prepared by magnetron sputtering

Hydroxyapatite （HA）-zirconium （ZrO2） composite coating was produced by magnetic sputtering on Ti6Al4V titanium alloy substrate, the coatings of 50HA-50ZrO2 and 75HA-25ZrO2 （mass fraction, %） were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy disperse spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scratch test, respectively, and the effects of HA contents in the coating on residual stress were analyzed. The experimental results show that the phases of HA-ZrO2 composite coatings are HA, ZrO2 and Y2O3, and the HA has a certain decomposition in the combination process, producing TCP and CaO impurity phases. The porous surface of coating is conducive to the growth of bone tissue, and the surface roughness values of 50HA-50ZrO2 and 75HA-25ZrO2 are 1.61 μm and 2.92 μm, respectively. The coating interface is of mechanical integration, the bonding strength values of 50HA-50ZrO2 and 75HA-25ZrO2 are 30 N and 17.5 N, respectively, showing a downward trend with the HA contents increasing. The residual stress values in the coating of 50HA-50ZrO2 and 75HA-25ZrO2 are （-399.1±3.0） MPa, （-343.2±20.3） MPa, respectively, as a result, the appropriate increase of HA contents in the coating will reduce its residual stress.

Tuning microstructure and surface chemistry of reduced graphene oxide by mild reduction

Reduced graphene oxide(RGO) sheets with varied contents and types of oxygenated groups were synthesized by Hummers treatment of natural graphite powders followed by different nontoxic and mild reduction methods, which include thermal and chemical reduction with ethylene glycol, KOH and Fe powder. The changes in microstructure and surface chemistry of RGOs were extensively characterized by SEM, TEM, AFM, XRD, XPS and Raman spectrum. The results show that significant exfoliation occurs during oxidation and is retained in reduction processes, along with the formation of curled wavy morphology. Compared with large d spacing(0.852 nm) of graphene oxide(GO), the(002) plane distance decreases to 0.358-0.384 nm of RGOs, indicating efficient tuning of surface functionalities through mild reduction methods. The ID/IG ratio of RGOs is about 1.0-1.15, indicating that reconstructed sp^2 domains have smaller sizes and larger quantity. The content of sp^2 bonded C in GO(36.93%, molar fraction) increases to 45.48%-72.92%(molar fraction) in RGOs, along with a drastic decrease in hydroxyl and epoxy and minor changes in carbonyl and carboxyl. Thermal reduction or chemical reduction produces RGOs with residual functionalities, which may render different chemical activity and is desirable in various applications.

Hydrogenation of Benzene at Presence of Rhodium Support Catalyst

In this article, hydrogenation of benzene in liquid phase at presence rhodium support catalyst is considered, where as carrier is used pillar structural montmorillonite obtaining from bentonite clay. The degree of using an internal surface of porous system is depended of the size particles.

胆囊疾病的三维超声成像特点

为探讨三维超声的混合模式成像在胆囊疾病中的应用价值,对78例胆囊疾病的胆囊行二维及三维超声检查,以混合模式进行三维超声重建,评价三维超声是否能够优于二维获得更多的诊断信息。结果表明,重建的三维图像清晰、直观,具有较强的立体感,可以显示结石的数目、光滑的表面;可以显示息肉的部位、表面乳头状或桑葚状的特征,以及与胆囊壁的关系、基底部、蒂的长短;可以清晰显示腺肌症增厚的胆囊壁及特征性的罗阿氏窦;可以显示胆囊癌病灶基底部对胆囊壁及周围组织的浸润程度。结论:三维超声混合模式重建图像可以直观地显示胆囊疾病的形态特点及与周围组织的结构关系,与二维超声联合应用,有利于胆囊疾病的诊断。

Surface microstructures of lunar soil returned by Chang’e-5 mission reveal an intermediate stage in space weathering process

The lunar soils evolution over time is mainly caused by space weathering that includes the impacts of varying-sized meteoroids and charged particles implantation of solar/cosmic winds as well.It has long been established that space weathering leads to the formation of outmost amorphous layers(50–200 nm in thickness)embedded nanophase iron(npFe^(0))around the mineral fragments,albeit the origin of the npFe^(0) remains controversial.The Chang’e-5(CE-5)mission returned samples feature the youngest mare basalt and the highest latitude sampling site,providing an opportunity to seek the critical clues for understanding the evolution of soils under space weathering.Here,we report the surface microstructures of the major minerals including olivine,pyroxene,anorthite,and glassy beads in the lunar soil of CE-5.Unlike the previous observations,only olivine in all crystals is surrounded by a thinner outmost amorphous SiO_(2) layer(∼10 nm thick)and embedded wüstite nanoparticles FeO(np-FeO,3–12 nm in size)instead of npFe^(0).No foreign volatile elements deposition layer and solar flare tracks can be found on the surface or inside the olivine and other minerals.This unique rim structure has not been reported for any other lunar,terrestrial,Martian,or meteorite samples so far.The observation of wüstite FeO and the microstructures support the existence of an intermediate stage in space weathering for lunar minerals by thermal decomposition.

Large-area growth of ultra-high-density single-walled carbon nanotube arrays on sapphire surface

A scalable approach to obtaining high-density, large-area single-walled carbon nanotube （SWNT） arrays is essential for realizing the full potential of SWNTs in practical electronic devices; this is still a great challenge. Here, we report an improved synthetic method for large-area growth of ultra-high-density SWNT arrays on sapphire surfaces by combining Trojan catalysts （released from the substrate, to assure ultra-high density） with Mo nanoparticles （loaded on the surface, to stabilize the released Trojan catalysts） as cooperating catalysts. Dense and perfectly aligned SWNTs covered the entire substrate and the local density was as high as 160 tubes/pro. Field-effect transistors （FETs） built on such arrays gave an output current density of -488 μA/μm at the drain-source voltage （Vds） = the gate-source voltage （Vgs） = -2 V, corresponding to an on-conductance per width of 244 μS/μm. These results confirm the wide range of potential applications of Trojan-Mo catalysts in the structure-controlled growth of SWNTs.

Hierarchical TiO2 photocatalysts with a one-dimensional heterojunction for improved photocatalytic activities

Hierarchical TiO2 photocatalysts with a one-dimensional heterojunction were synthesized via a facile template-free hydrothermal method. The TiO2 photo- catalysts were flower-like microspheres with a 3 μm diameter. The base structure of the flower-like microspheres was a uniform nanowire with a 10 nm diameter. Anatase films were evenly coated onto the surface of the rutile TiO2 nanowires to form a one-dimensional core--shell base structure. This kind of one-dimensional heterojunction is conducive to the separation of charge carriers. In addition, the hierarchical TiO2 microspheres possessed a good mesoporous structure with a high specific surface area of 260 m2/g. Thus, the light scattering and utilization efficiency were improved in this structure. The photocatalysts exhibited better performance in both photocatalytic oxidation and reduction reactions. Moreover, the novel TiO2 photocatalysts displayed excellent stability in these reactions. This kind of hierarchical TiO2 structure has never been reported in the literature. The hierarchical structure and one-dimensional heterojunction were vital to the increase in quantum efficiency. Therefore, these hierarchical TiO2 photocatalysts have potential applications in the environmental and energy fields, such as in photocatalytic degradation, hydrogen production, Li-ion batteries, and dye-sensitized solar cells.