用表面能谱技术研究合成氨的反应机理

本文综述了用表面能谱研究合成氨的反应机理。测定了铁催化剂的表面组成和催化活性中心。证实了表面上存在吸附物种N_吸、NH_吸和NH_(2,吸)。实验结果表明氮分子解离为氮原子是反应的控速步骤。

微波等离子体处理木材表面光电子能谱分析

XPS是固体木材表面组成分析最有效和最灵敏的工具之一。本研究使用XPS研究木材微波等离子体处理前后表面化学组成的变化。经微波等离子体处理后 ,C1的含量降低而C2 、C3含量增加 ,并伴随C4生成 ,表明纤维素和 /或木素上羟基含量的增加。微波等离子体处理还在木材表面引入了N元素 ,推测有亲水的 -NH2 生成。比较了相同工作条件下 ,N2 、O2 及空气等离子体对木材表面化学组成影响 ,结果表明 :O2的影响最显著而N2 最弱 ,氧的影响还存在其特殊性。

表面光电子能谱(XPS)及其在木材科学与技术领域的应用

表面光电子能谱分析是固体木材及纤维表面化学组成分析最有效及最灵敏的工具之一。本文简要介绍表面光电子能谱的基本原理、分析方法、木材表面化学组成基本特征以及表面光电子能谱在木材科学与技术领域的应用。

经（NaPO_3）_6溶液处理的硫酸钙矿石表面的电子能谱研究

本文用ＸＰＳ和ＡＥＳ测试研究了经（ＮａＰＯ３）６水溶液处理后的岩盐矿中的硫酸钙矿石表面性质变化—表面元素种类、各元素的原子百分比、元素价态及可能的结合方式，初步探明了（ＮａＰＯ３）６对ＣａＳＯ４的阻溶作用机理，为充分揭示该过程机理提供了重要依据。

罗汉松雌雄株叶形态结构的比较研究

该研究以雌雄异株植物罗汉松(Podocarpus macrophyllus)成熟叶为研究材料,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜观察比较罗汉松雌、雄植株叶在形态、显微结构和超显微结构的差异,以明确罗汉松雌、雄株在进化过程中叶对环境功能的适应性。结果显示:(1)罗汉松雌株的叶片大于雄株,且两者的叶长、叶宽和叶柄长差异极显著,而叶柄厚、叶面积、叶体积、叶质量、比叶重(SLW)、面积与体积之比(A/V)等性状无显著差异。(2)雌株叶片的气孔相对较大,密度较高,且雌株气孔宽度极显著大于雄株;雌株叶片的上表皮长细胞宽度和下表皮短细胞宽度均显著大于雄株,但雌株叶片的上表皮长细胞和短细胞的长度则显著小于雄株。(3)罗汉松雌株叶片的栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、传输组织长度和宽度、上下角质层厚度、维管束厚度、叶片紧密度(CTR)及疏松度(SR)均极显著大于雄株,而雌株的下表皮厚度极显著小于雄株,但雌雄株叶片的上表皮细胞厚度和栅海比差异不显著;雌株叶片的栅栏组织细胞、叶绿体和线粒体均较雄株的长而细,且雌株的线粒体宽度极显著小于雄株。(4)罗汉松雌株叶片上表皮蜡质饰纹、下表皮角质层纹饰、气孔外拱盖纹饰及内缘类型等4个微形态特征与雄株差异明显。(5)叶表皮蜡质层能谱分析表明,罗汉松雌株叶片含有9种元素,而雄株叶片仅有8种(缺少K元素);且雌株的Si元素含量高于雄株,而雄株的C、O、Na、Mg、Al、Ca和Au元素含量均高于雌株。研究表明,罗汉松雌、雄植株之间存在明显的第二性征,雌株叶片结构有助于提高光合等性能以满足生殖需求;罗汉松雌、雄株叶形态结构的差异是其长期进化形成的有利于物种繁衍的适应策略。

真空法制备纳米四针状氧化锌晶须结构和形貌的研究

以金属锌为原料，研究了真空条件下纳米四针状氧化锌晶须（T-ZnOw）的制备，考察了反应条件对氧化锌结晶形貌的影响。表面能谱证实产物只含锌和氧原子，但氧原子数少于化学计量，表明T-ZnOw在缺氧环境中生长。XRD物相分析表明：产物为纯的六方晶系纤锌矿结构；SEM研究表明：分子筛用量、反应温度、体系压力对产物的形态影响很大。

硫酸盐还原菌对海底土中锌腐蚀的影响

利用微生物分析、交流阻抗测试技术、扫描电镜及表面能谱等方法 ,在室内模拟条件下研究了海底土中硫酸盐还原菌对锌腐蚀的影响 ,以及在以接菌及灭菌的海底土构成的宏电池腐蚀中锌的腐蚀行为。180d的试验结果表明 :海底土中硫酸盐还原菌增强锌的腐蚀 ,锌在接菌泥中的平均腐蚀速率及点蚀深度均大于在灭菌泥中的平均腐蚀速率及点饰深度 ,平均腐蚀速率相差 7.0倍 ,点蚀速率相差 15 .0倍以上。在接菌和灭菌海底土构成宏电池时 ,接菌海底土中锌作为阳极 ,腐蚀速率比自然腐蚀状态下有所增大 ,加速率为 12 .7% ,而在灭菌海底土中锌作为阴极 ,腐蚀速率比自然腐蚀状态下有所减小。

纳米TiO_2改性薄竹的工艺试验

研究了纳米TiO2改性薄竹机理与工艺,分析薄竹切面、薄竹厚度、浸渍压力与浸渍时间等工艺因素对薄竹附载TiO2效果的影响,并运用X射线光电子能谱与环境扫描电镜技术手段,分析了薄竹改性处理前后的表面元素组成、元素变化、TiO2分布效果。试验结果表明:浸渍时间90 min、浸渍压力0.10 MPa、薄竹厚度0.3 mm、径切面纹理的薄竹、纳米TiO2溶液浓度0.5 g/L、浴比1∶10～20、常温浸渍纳米TiO2溶液改性薄竹工艺是可行的,TiO2附载率约为1.3%。

等离子体改性稻秸的XPS分析

在10～20Pa高真空环境和100～350W功率条件下,采用氧等离子体对稻秸进行改性处理3～7min,并对改性前后的稻秸进行表面光电子能谱(XPS)分析,以揭示稻秸界面特性的变化规律。结果表明,氧等离子体可对秸秆进行有效的刻蚀和接枝。通过等离子体处理,秸秆表层碳元素含量显著降低,而氧元素含量大幅度上升;秸秆表面的C—C/C—H键含量显著降低,而强极性的羰基、羧基—CO/—COOH含量显著增加,有助于脲醛树脂对秸秆的润湿和渗透。XPS分析表明,稻秸表面包含长链脂肪烃外层和含硅无机矿物质内层,对合成树脂的渗透和胶合产生了阻碍。

国产与进口烟草薄片的对比分析

利用热重分析仪(TGA)及差示热扫描仪(DSC)对进口烟草薄片和国产烟草薄片的热性能进行了分析,找出了国产烟草薄片与进口烟草薄片之间的差异。

AFM and XPS Study on the Surface and Interface States of CuPc and SiO_2 Films

A CuPc/SiO2 sample is fabricated. Its morphology is characterized by atomic force microscopy, and the electron states are investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In order to investigate these spectra in detail, all of these spectra are normalized to the height of the most intense peak,and each component is fitted with a single Gaussian function. Analysis shows that the O element has great bearing on the electron states and that SiO2 layers produced by spurting technology are better than those produced by oxidation technology.

高压断路器触头烧蚀情况分析与研究

高压断路器在操作过程中,产生的高温电弧,会烧蚀触头,断路器触头经过一定的烧蚀后,其性能急剧下降。文中着重分析断路器触头烧蚀情况,通过对断路器4个取样点的金相、表面微观形貌及能谱、硬度的分析,得出断路器触头烧蚀原因,对改进断路器结构,有一定的参考价值,为断路器性能的提高,提供了数据支撑。

Effects of surface chemical properties of activated coke on selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH_3 over commercial coal-based activated coke

Surface chemical properties of typical commercial coal-based activated cokes were characterized by Xray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and acid-base titration, and then the influence of surface chemical properties on catalytic performance of activated cokes of NO reduction with NH3 was investigated in a fixed-bed quartz micro reactor at 150 ℃. The results indicate that the selective catalytic reduction(SCR) activity of activated cokes with the increase of its surface acidic sites and oxygen content,obviously, a correlation between catalytic activity and surface acidic sites content by titration has higher linearity than catalytic activity and surface oxygen content by XPS. While basic sites content by acid-base titration have not correlation with SCR activity. It has been proposed that surface basic sites content measured by titration may not be on adjacent of acidic surface oxides and then cannot form of NO2-like species, thus the reaction of reduction of NO with NH3 have been retarded.

Effects of Sintering Atmosphere on the Microstructure and Surface Properties of Symmetric TiO2 Membranes

The effects of sintering atmosphere on the properties of symmetric TiO2 membranes are studied with regard to sintering behavior, porosity, mean pore size, surface comPosition. and surface charge properties. The exerimental results show that the symmetric TiO2 membranes display better sintering activity in the air than in argon, and the mean pore diameters and porosities of the membrane sintered in argon are higher than those of the membrane sintered in the air at the same temperature. The surface compositions of the symmetric TiO2 membrane sintered in the air and in argon at different temperatures, as studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, are discussed in terms of their chemical composition, with particular emphasis on the valence state of the titanium ions. The correlation between the valence state of the titanium ions at the surface and the surface charge properties is examined.It is found that the presence of Ti^3＋, introduced at the surface of the symmetric TiO2 membranes by sintering in a lower partial pressure of oxygen, is related to a significant decrease in the isoelectric point. TiO2 with Ti^4＋ at the interface has an isoelectric point of 5.1, but the non-stoichiometric TiO2-x with Ti^3＋ at the interface has a lower isoelectric point of 3.6.

Application of wavelet packet decomposition and its energy spectrum on the coal-rock interface identification

The theory and method of wavelet packet decomposition and its energy spectrum dealing with the coal rock Interface Identification are presented in the paper. The characteristic frequency band of the coal rock signal could be identified by wavelet packet decomposition and its energy spectrum conveniently, at the same time, quantification analysis were performed. The result demonstrates that this method is more advantageous and of practical value than traditional Fourier analysis method.

A Surface Femtosecond Two-Photon Photoemission Spectrometer for Excited Electron Dynamics and Time-Dependent Photochemical Kinetics

A surface femtosecond two-photon photoemission （2PPE） spectrometer devoted to the study of ultrafast excited electron dynamics and photochemical kinetics on metal and metal oxide surfaces has been constructed. Low energy photoelectrons are measured using a hemispherical electron energy analyzer with an imaging detector that allows us to detect the energy and the angular distributions of the photoelectrons simultaneously. A Mach-Zehnder interferom- eter was built for the time-resolved 2PPE （TR-2PPE） measurement to study ultrafast surface excited electron dynamics, which was demonstrated on the Cu（111） surface. A scheme for measuring time-dependent 2PPE （TD-2PPE） spectra has also been developed for studies of surface photochemistry. This technique has been applied to a preliminary study on the photochemical kinetics on ethanol/TiO2（110）. We have also shown that the ultrafast dynamics of photoinduced surface excited resonances can be investigated in a reliable way by combining the TR-2PPE and TD-2PPE techniques.

Investigation on adsorption and regeneration performances of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by supercritical water technique

In this paper, adsorption and regeneration characteristics of multi-walled carbon nanotubes （MWNTs） used as adsorbent were investigated for the removal of 1,3-beuzenediol （BDO） from water by the supercritieal water （SCW） technique. FFIR, XPS, SEM and dispersion stability tests were used to characterize the structure and surface morphology of CNTs. The results showed that CNTs surfaces were slightly activated and strongly etched in supercritieal water system. The adsorption capacity of SCW-treated CNTs was higher than that of raw CNTs. The adsorbed amounts for treated CNTs and raw CNTs samples at the same initial concentration of 60 mg/L were ca. 16.42 and 7.30 mg/g, respectively. The BDO adsorption of treated CNTs was due to the physical adsorption. The experimental data fit Freundlich isotherm model better than Langmuir one. The loaded adsorbent could be efficiently desorbed and regenerated by SCW technique. Therefore, SCW is a promising and environmentally friendly technique for the improvement of adsorption and regeneration of CNTs.

Calculation of Surface Excitation Parameters by a Monte Carlo Method

Electron inelastic mean free path （IMFP） is an important parameter for surface chemical quantification by surface electron spectroscopy techniques. It can be obtained from analysis of elastic peak electron spectroscopy （EPES） spectra measured on samples and a Monte Carlo simulation method. To obtain IMFP parameters with high accuracy, the surface excitation effect on the measured EPES spectra has to be quantified as a surface excitation parameter （SEP）, which can be calculated via a dielectric response theory. However, such calculated SEP does not include influence of elastic scattering of electrons inside samples during their incidence and emission processes, which should not be neglected simply in determining IMFP by an EPES method. In this work a Monte Carlo simulation method is employed to determine surface excitation parameter by taking account of the elastic scattering effect. The simulated SEPs for different primary energies are found to be in good agreement with the experiments particularly for larger incident or emission angles above 60° where the elastic scattering effect plays a more important role than those in smaller incident or emission angles. Based on these new SEPs, the IMFP measurement by EPES technique can provide more accurate data.

Electron Energy Spectroscopic Mapping of Surface Plasmon by Parallel Scanning Method

In this work,electron energy spectroscopic mapping of surface plasmon of Ag nanostructures on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite is reported.Benefitting from the angular dispersive feature of the present scanning probe electron energy spectrometer,a multi-channel detection mode is developed.By scanning along one direction,the two-dimensional intensity distribution of Ag surface plasmon excitation due to the collision of electron emitted from the tip can be obtained in parallel.The spectroscopic spatial resolution is determined to be around 80 nm.