Seismic attenuation has been inherent media characteristics in which an interesting topic of research, for it reflects the seismic waves propagate. There are many factors that cause seismic wave attenuation, such as g...Seismic attenuation has been inherent media characteristics in which an interesting topic of research, for it reflects the seismic waves propagate. There are many factors that cause seismic wave attenuation, such as geometry attenuation caused by energy dissipating during propagation, friction attenuation by relative sliding among rock grains, and scattering attenuation by rock heterogeneity. In this paper we study P-wave scattering attenuation in a random elastic medium by numerical simulations from a statistical point of view. A random elastic medium model is built based on general stochastic process theory. Then a staggered-grid pseudo-spectral method is used to simulate wave propagation. Scattering attenuation is estimated by the spectral ratio method based on virtual detector records. Random elastic media numerical scatter results with various heterogeneity levels show that the higher heterogeneous levels cause greater scattering attenuation. When the scatter sizes are smaller than a wave length, the larger scatters give a greater attenuation. Finally, we propose a method to evaluate fluid-flow attenuation in porous media. The fluid- flow attenuation is derived from total attenuation and scattering attenuation in random porous media and the attenuation is estimated quantitatively. Results show that in the real seismic frequency range when the heterogeneous scale is about 10^1 meters （less than one wave length）, scattering attenuation is larger than fluid-tlow attenuation in random porous media and scattering attenuation is the main factor of seismic attenuation in real heterogeneous porous media.展开更多
The existence of aligned fractures in fluid-saturated rocks leads to obvious attenuation anisotropy and velocity anisotropy. Attenuation anisotropy analysis can be applied to estimate fracture density and scale, which...The existence of aligned fractures in fluid-saturated rocks leads to obvious attenuation anisotropy and velocity anisotropy. Attenuation anisotropy analysis can be applied to estimate fracture density and scale, which provide important information for reservoir identification. This paper derives P-wave attenuation anisotropy in the ATI media where the symmetry axis is in the arbitrary direction theoretically and modifies the spectral ratio method to measure attenuation anisotropy in the ATI media, thus avoiding a large measurement error when applied to wide azimuth or full azimuth data. Fracture dip and azimuth can be estimated through attenuation anisotropy analysis. For small-scale fractures, fracture scale and fracture density can be determined with enhanced convergence if velocity and attenuation information are both used. We also apply the modified spectralratio method to microseismic field data from an oilfield in East China and extract the fracture dip through attenuation anisotropy analysis. The result agrees with the microseismie monitoring.展开更多
The wave-induced local fluid flow mechanism is relevant to the complex heterogeneity of pore structures in rocks.The analysis of the local fluid flow mechanism is useful for accurately describing the wave propagation ...The wave-induced local fluid flow mechanism is relevant to the complex heterogeneity of pore structures in rocks.The analysis of the local fluid flow mechanism is useful for accurately describing the wave propagation characteristics in reservoir rocks.In the exploration and production of hydrocarbon reservoirs,the real stratum may be partially saturated with a multi-phase fluid mixture in general.Therefore,it is of great significance to investigate the wave velocity dispersion and attenuation features in relation to pore structures and fluids.In this work,the characteristics of fabric microstructures are obtained on the basis of pressure dependency of dry rock moduli using the effective medium theory.A novel anelasticity theoretical model for the wave propagation in a partially-saturated medium is presented by combining the extended Gurevich squirt-flow model and White patchysaturation theory.Numerical simulations are used to analyze wave propagation characteristics that depend on water saturation,external patchy diameter,and viscosity.We consider a tight sandstone from the Qingyang area of the Ordos Basin in west China and perform ultrasonic measurements under partial saturation states and different confining pressures,where the basic properties of the rock are obtained at the full gas saturation.The comparison of experimental data and theoretical modeling results shows a fairly good agreement,indicating that the new theory is effective.展开更多
The occurrence and transmission attenuation of surge is always a problem that researchers pay much attention to. The influence of the first wave height of landslide surge and the following transmission attenuation of ...The occurrence and transmission attenuation of surge is always a problem that researchers pay much attention to. The influence of the first wave height of landslide surge and the following transmission attenuation of surge are involved with many factors, which are mainly： landslide water entry angle, river course depth, river course geometrical properties and landslide mass and material, etc.. This thesis is mainly a research on the properties and transmission attenuation rules of landslide surge which is caused by linear narrow river course. Numerical value simulation will be applied in this thesis to discuss about the features and rules of the occurrence and transmission of surge in different landslide water entry angles and under different influences.展开更多
Bimetallic catalysts can improve CO2 reduction efficiency via the combined properties of two metals.CuPd shows enhanced CO2 reduction activity compared to copper alone.Using differential electrochemical mass spectrome...Bimetallic catalysts can improve CO2 reduction efficiency via the combined properties of two metals.CuPd shows enhanced CO2 reduction activity compared to copper alone.Using differential electrochemical mass spectrometry(DEMS)and electrochemical infrared(IR)spectroscopy,volatile products and adsorbed intermediates were measured during CO2 and CO reduction on Cu and CuPd.The IR band corresponding to adsorbed CO appears 300 mV more positive on CuPd than that on Cu,indicating acceleration of CO2 reduction to CO.Electrochemical IR spectroscopy measurements in CO-saturated solutions reveal similar potentials for CO adsorption and CO3^2-desorption on CuPd and Cu,indicating that CO adsorption is controlled by desorption of CO3^2-.DEMS measurements carried out during CO reduction at both electrodes showed that the onset potential for reduction of CO to CH4 and CH3OH on CuPd is about 200 mV more positive than that on Cu.We attribute these improvements to interaction of Cu and Pd,which shifts the d-band center of the Cu sites.展开更多
In this paper, we introduce the complex modulus to express the viscoelasticity of a medium. According to the correspondence principle, the Biot-Squirt （BISQ） equations in the steady-state case are presented for the ...In this paper, we introduce the complex modulus to express the viscoelasticity of a medium. According to the correspondence principle, the Biot-Squirt （BISQ） equations in the steady-state case are presented for the space-frequency domain described by solid displacements and fluid pressure in a homogeneous viscoelastic medium. The effective bulk modulus of a multiphase flow is computed by the Voigt formula, and the characteristic squirt-flow length is revised for the gas-included case. We then build a viscoelastic BISQ model containing a multiphase flow. Through using this model, wave dispersion and attenuation are studied in a medium with low porosity and low permeability. Furthermore, this model is applied to observed interwell seismic data. Analysis of these data reveals that the viscoelastic parameter tan6 is not a constant. Thus, we present a linear frequen- cy-dependent function in the interwell seismic frequency range to express tanG. This improves the fit between the observed data and theoretical results.展开更多
基金supported by the State Key Program of National Natural Science of China (Grant No. 40839901)
文摘Seismic attenuation has been inherent media characteristics in which an interesting topic of research, for it reflects the seismic waves propagate. There are many factors that cause seismic wave attenuation, such as geometry attenuation caused by energy dissipating during propagation, friction attenuation by relative sliding among rock grains, and scattering attenuation by rock heterogeneity. In this paper we study P-wave scattering attenuation in a random elastic medium by numerical simulations from a statistical point of view. A random elastic medium model is built based on general stochastic process theory. Then a staggered-grid pseudo-spectral method is used to simulate wave propagation. Scattering attenuation is estimated by the spectral ratio method based on virtual detector records. Random elastic media numerical scatter results with various heterogeneity levels show that the higher heterogeneous levels cause greater scattering attenuation. When the scatter sizes are smaller than a wave length, the larger scatters give a greater attenuation. Finally, we propose a method to evaluate fluid-flow attenuation in porous media. The fluid- flow attenuation is derived from total attenuation and scattering attenuation in random porous media and the attenuation is estimated quantitatively. Results show that in the real seismic frequency range when the heterogeneous scale is about 10^1 meters （less than one wave length）, scattering attenuation is larger than fluid-tlow attenuation in random porous media and scattering attenuation is the main factor of seismic attenuation in real heterogeneous porous media.
基金supported by 973 Program of China(No.2013CB228602)National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2016ZX05004003-002)863 Program of China(No.2013AA064202)
文摘The existence of aligned fractures in fluid-saturated rocks leads to obvious attenuation anisotropy and velocity anisotropy. Attenuation anisotropy analysis can be applied to estimate fracture density and scale, which provide important information for reservoir identification. This paper derives P-wave attenuation anisotropy in the ATI media where the symmetry axis is in the arbitrary direction theoretically and modifies the spectral ratio method to measure attenuation anisotropy in the ATI media, thus avoiding a large measurement error when applied to wide azimuth or full azimuth data. Fracture dip and azimuth can be estimated through attenuation anisotropy analysis. For small-scale fractures, fracture scale and fracture density can be determined with enhanced convergence if velocity and attenuation information are both used. We also apply the modified spectralratio method to microseismic field data from an oilfield in East China and extract the fracture dip through attenuation anisotropy analysis. The result agrees with the microseismie monitoring.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.41704109)the Jiangsu Province Outstanding Youth Fund Project(Grant no.BK20200021).
文摘The wave-induced local fluid flow mechanism is relevant to the complex heterogeneity of pore structures in rocks.The analysis of the local fluid flow mechanism is useful for accurately describing the wave propagation characteristics in reservoir rocks.In the exploration and production of hydrocarbon reservoirs,the real stratum may be partially saturated with a multi-phase fluid mixture in general.Therefore,it is of great significance to investigate the wave velocity dispersion and attenuation features in relation to pore structures and fluids.In this work,the characteristics of fabric microstructures are obtained on the basis of pressure dependency of dry rock moduli using the effective medium theory.A novel anelasticity theoretical model for the wave propagation in a partially-saturated medium is presented by combining the extended Gurevich squirt-flow model and White patchysaturation theory.Numerical simulations are used to analyze wave propagation characteristics that depend on water saturation,external patchy diameter,and viscosity.We consider a tight sandstone from the Qingyang area of the Ordos Basin in west China and perform ultrasonic measurements under partial saturation states and different confining pressures,where the basic properties of the rock are obtained at the full gas saturation.The comparison of experimental data and theoretical modeling results shows a fairly good agreement,indicating that the new theory is effective.
文摘The occurrence and transmission attenuation of surge is always a problem that researchers pay much attention to. The influence of the first wave height of landslide surge and the following transmission attenuation of surge are involved with many factors, which are mainly： landslide water entry angle, river course depth, river course geometrical properties and landslide mass and material, etc.. This thesis is mainly a research on the properties and transmission attenuation rules of landslide surge which is caused by linear narrow river course. Numerical value simulation will be applied in this thesis to discuss about the features and rules of the occurrence and transmission of surge in different landslide water entry angles and under different influences.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.91545124 and No.21750110437)supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences President’s International Fellowship Initiative(No.2017PM0049)。
文摘Bimetallic catalysts can improve CO2 reduction efficiency via the combined properties of two metals.CuPd shows enhanced CO2 reduction activity compared to copper alone.Using differential electrochemical mass spectrometry(DEMS)and electrochemical infrared(IR)spectroscopy,volatile products and adsorbed intermediates were measured during CO2 and CO reduction on Cu and CuPd.The IR band corresponding to adsorbed CO appears 300 mV more positive on CuPd than that on Cu,indicating acceleration of CO2 reduction to CO.Electrochemical IR spectroscopy measurements in CO-saturated solutions reveal similar potentials for CO adsorption and CO3^2-desorption on CuPd and Cu,indicating that CO adsorption is controlled by desorption of CO3^2-.DEMS measurements carried out during CO reduction at both electrodes showed that the onset potential for reduction of CO to CH4 and CH3OH on CuPd is about 200 mV more positive than that on Cu.We attribute these improvements to interaction of Cu and Pd,which shifts the d-band center of the Cu sites.
基金supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41390452 and 11002025)the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(Grant No.40725012)
文摘In this paper, we introduce the complex modulus to express the viscoelasticity of a medium. According to the correspondence principle, the Biot-Squirt （BISQ） equations in the steady-state case are presented for the space-frequency domain described by solid displacements and fluid pressure in a homogeneous viscoelastic medium. The effective bulk modulus of a multiphase flow is computed by the Voigt formula, and the characteristic squirt-flow length is revised for the gas-included case. We then build a viscoelastic BISQ model containing a multiphase flow. Through using this model, wave dispersion and attenuation are studied in a medium with low porosity and low permeability. Furthermore, this model is applied to observed interwell seismic data. Analysis of these data reveals that the viscoelastic parameter tan6 is not a constant. Thus, we present a linear frequen- cy-dependent function in the interwell seismic frequency range to express tanG. This improves the fit between the observed data and theoretical results.
