关于多维非线性系统衰减时间的估计问题

对渐近稳定的多维非线性系统衰减时间的估计是工程技术上的一个重要问题。在这篇文章中,将指出在一般多维非线性系统的情况下,初扰动值取在相空间一定范围内所确定的运动,衰减到另一事先给定的范围,在时间上的一致有界性,并给出了这个时间的一个范围。然后,给出了在多维系统下衰减时间的提法。

一种多维信源衰减延时混合的欠定盲源分离方法

为解决衰减延时混合信号的欠定盲源分离问题,该文研究了一种基于信源数估计的欠定盲源分离方法。首先,采用对时频域观测信号求能量来构造稀疏域;其次,在能量域中利用势函数估计信源数;再次,根据信源数将能量和峰值对应的频点筛选出来预测时频掩码从而获得估计信源的短时频谱;最后,填充线用来解决时域分离信号的边界效应问题。实验表明,所提方法可以有效分离衰减延时混合的模拟信号,并且在不同信噪比下优于稀疏聚类算法和子空间法;此外,在对实测悬臂梁锤击测试的过程中可以估计出模态阶数并且准确识别出结构的各阶模态固有频率。

改进的衰减旅行时层析方法估计Q值

衰减旅行时层析作为一种估计Q值的方法,其衰减旅行时计算的准确程度影响最终Q值反演结果的精度。为了提高衰减旅行时层析求解精度而得到更真实的地下Q值分布,提出了一种改进的衰减旅行时层析方法,提高了模型中的衰减旅行时计算精度和实际资料中的衰减旅行时拾取精度。在射线追踪计算模型中的衰减旅行时的过程中,用方向速度梯度代替传统的速度梯度,考虑不同射线在不同传播方向上的速度差异,提高了射线追踪计算旅行时和反射角的精度,从而提高衰减旅行时计算精度。从实际资料中拾取衰减旅行时的时候,采用对数谱比反演方法,利用多道反射波信息同时反演多道衰减旅行时,从而避免了传统方法中人为选择最优频带带来的误差,使反演结果更稳定。在反演过程中考虑反射波在不同界面内的旅行时之差,可以有效解决上覆地层的影响。模型数据测试和实际资料应用结果表明,该方法 Q值估算结果更加准确,Q补偿偏移后的剖面更加符合实际地下介质情况,验证了方法的可行性和有效性。

掺铈YAP晶体的时间响应性能测量

对YAP:Ce晶体的时间响应性能进行了测量。利用锁模激光器产生的266nm激光照射到YAP:Ce晶体上,用GD40透紫光电管接受晶体产生的荧光,测量了YAP:Ce晶体的时间特性,得到了完整波形和时间性能参数。测量结果表明,波形前沿、半高宽、后沿和衰减时间分别为0.86ns、12.53ns、41.30ns和18.77ns。通过实验发现该晶体衰减时间很短(～26ns),比NaI:Tl快一个量级。且该晶体具有高光输出、高能量分辨率、高时间分辨率、对γ辐射敏感、γ/n甄别能力强等特点,该国产晶体在γ脉冲辐射测量中是一种比较好的候选晶体。

地下水探测仪二次时差法

二次时差法是以一定的电流制式与时间,向地下供入大小两种电流,人工电场消失后,取其二次电位衰减时之差的正值反映含水层,负值反映非含水层,根据这一原理设计制作出了JSC2—A地下水探测仪。仪器由发送机和微机测量系统两部分组成。

激发极化理衰时测量方法及其应用

本文首先介绍作者在理论和实践的基础上,把二次场衰减曲线归纳总结的一个新参数—理衰时,然后介绍其测量方法,最后简单介绍其在地下水勘察、地质找矿方面的应用效果。

激电法在地下水探测中的应用效果

通过几个实例,总结了在部队供水中,激电法在地下水探测中的应用效果及找水规律。

滚动轴承含噪声谐波信号的欠确定盲源分离方法研究

目前使用的大多数盲源分离方法都依赖于观测传感器数量大于或等于信号源数目这样一个基本假设。算法主要针对传感器数量m小于源信号数量n(欠确定)情况下旋转机械含噪声谐波信号的盲源分离问题展开研究。它在输入信号频域稀疏性假设和源信号之间线性混合假设的前提下,提出了一种势函数聚类的源数目估计方法,并对通道衰减和延时进行了计算。实验信号仿真结果证明了该方法的可行性和可靠性。

High-precision frequency attenuation analysis and its application

Based on seismic attenuation theory in a fluid-filled porous medium, we improve conventional methods of low-frequency shadow analysis （LFSA） and energy absorption analysis （EAA） and propose a high-precision frequency attenuation analysis technology. First, we introduce the method of three-parameter wavelet transform and the time-frequency focused criterion and develop a high-precision time-frequency analysis method based on an adaptive three-parameter wavelet transform, which has high time-frequency resolution with benefit to LFSA and can obtain a single-peaked spectrum with narrow side-lobes with benefit to EAA. Second, we correctly compute absorption coefficient by curve fitting based on the nonlinear Nelder-Mead algorithm and effectively improve EAA precision. Practical application results show that the proposed frequency attenuation analysis technology integrated with LFSA and EAA can effectively predict favorable zones of carbonate oolitic reservoir. Furthermore, reservoir prediction results based on LFSA correspond with EAA. The new technology can effectively improve reservoir prediction reliability and reduce exploration risk.

Wigner-Ville distribution and its application in seismic attenuation estimation

The attenuation of seismic signals is often characterized in the frequency domain using statistical measures of the power spectrum. However, the conventional Fourier transform-based power spectrum estimation methods suffer from time-frequency resolution problems. Wigner-Ville distribution, which is a member of Cohen class time-frequency distributions, possesses many appealing properties, such as time-frequency marginal distribution, time-frequency localization, etc. Therefore, Wigner-Ville distribution offers a new way for estimating the attenuation of seismic signals. This paper initially gives a brief introduction to Wigner-Ville distribution and the smoothed Wigner-Ville distribution that is effective in reducing the cross-term effect, and then presents a method for seismic attenuation estimation based on the instantaneous energy spectrum of the Wigner-Ville distribution. A real data example from central Tarim Basin in western China is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the Wigner-Ville distribution-based seismic attenuation estimation method can effectively detect the difference between reef, shoal and lagoon facies by their attenuation properties, indicating that the estimated seismic attenuation can be used for reef and shoal carbonate reservoir characterization.

用杆的横振动测杨氏模量

本文介绍一个测量杨氏模量的新方法．这种新方法可以缩短测量时间，扩大测量对象的范围，且可得到满意结果．

吉林省四平辽源地区电法找水效果

本文以四平辽源地区利用电法寻找地下水为例,论述了电法异常曲线特征与地下水之间关系,总结了利用电阻率联合剖面法、激电法在地下水探测中的应用效果;指出了不同地质条件下地下水赋存的电性特征。

Decay rates and time lags of heat conduction in building construction under field conditions

The field measurements of decay rates and time lags of heat conduction in a building construction taken in Nanjing during the summer of 2001 are presented.The decay rates and time lags are calculated according to the frequency responses of the heat absorbed by the room＇s internal surfaces,inside surface temperature,indoor air temperature and outdoor synthetic temperature.The measured results match very well with the theoretical results of the zeroth and the first order values of the decay rates and time lags of heat conduction in the building construction,but the difference between the measured values and the theoretical values for the second order is too great to be accepted.It is therefore difficult to accurately test the second order value.However,it is still advisable to complete the analysis using the zeroth-and the first-orders values of the decay rates and time lags of heat conduction in building construction under field conditions,because in these cases the decay rates of heat conduction reach twenty which meets the requirements of engineering plans.

Enhancement of GABA_A Receptor-Mediated Inhibitory Postsynaptic Currents Induced by "Partial Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation"

Oxygen/glucose deprivation （OGD） has been widely used as an in vitro model of focal ischemia, where the blood flow is severely reduced and neurons rapidly die. However, adjacent to the focal region is ‘penumbra＇, where residual blood flow remains oxygen and glucose supplies are at low levels. To model this pathological genesis, we developed a partial OGD （pOGD） protocol in a rat brain slice. This model met two requirements： oxygen was partially deprived and glucose was reduced in the perfusion buffer. Therefore we investigated the effect of pOGD on gama-aminobutyric acid （GABAA） receptor-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents （IPSCs） in CA1 neurons of a hippocampal slice through whole-cell patch-clamp technique. We found that the amplitude and decay time of IPSCs were increased immediately during pOGD treatment. And the enhancement of IPSCs amplitude resulted from an increase of the synaptic conductance without a significant change in the reversal potential of chloride. These results suggested that the nervous system could increase inhibitory neurotransmission to offset excitation by homeostasis mechanisms during the partial oxygen and glucose attack.

Multi-wave amplitude-preserved AVO modeling considering wave propagation effects

Traditional AVO forward modeling only considers the impact of reflection coefficients at the interface on seismic wave field amplitude and ignores various propagation effects. Introducing wave propagation effects including geometric spreading, transmission loss, attenuation into seismic wave propagation, multi-wave amplitude-preserved AVO forward modeling for horizontally layered media based on ray theory is proposed in this paper. We derived the multi-wave geometric spreading correction formulas for horizontally layered media in order to describe the geometric spreading effect of multi-wave propagation. Introducing the complex traveltime directly, we built the relationship between complex traveltime and quality factor without the help of complex velocity to describe the attenuation of viscoelastic media. Multi-wave transmission coefficients, obtained by solving the Zoeppritz equations directly, is used to describe the transmission loss. Numerical results show that the effects of geometric spreading, attenuation, and transmission loss on multi-wave amplitude varies with offset and multi-wave amplitude-preserved AVO forward modeling should consider the reconstructive effect of wave propagation on reflection amplitude.

Photophysical Property of Photoactive Molecules with Multibranched Push-Pull Structures

The structure-property characteristics of a series of newly synthesized intramolecular charge- transfer （ICT） compounds, single-branch monomer with triphenylmethane as electron donor and 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole as acceptor, the corresponding two-branch dimer and three- branch trimer, have been investigated by means of steady-state and femtosecond time- resolved stimulated emission fluorescence depletion （FS TR-SEP FD） techniques in different polar solvents. The TD-DFT calculations are further performed to explain the observed ICT properties. The interpretation of the experimental results is based on the comparative studies of the series of compounds which have increased amount of identical branch moiety. The similarity of the absorption and fluorescence spectra as well as strong solvent-dependence of the spectral properties for the three compounds reveal that the excited state of the dimer and trimer are nearly the same with that of the monomer, which may localize on one branch. It is found that polar excited state emerged through multidimensional intramolecular charge transfer from the donating moiety to the acceptor upon excitation, and quickly relaxed to one branch before emission. Even so, the red-shift in the absorption and emission spectra and decreased fluorescence radiative lifetime with respect to their monomer counterpart still suggest some extent delocalization of excited state in the dimer and trimer upon excitation. The similar behavior of their excited ICT state is demonstrated by FS TR-SEP FD measurements, and shows that the trimer has the largest charge-separate extent in all studied three samples. Finally, steady-state excitation anisotropy measurements has further been carried out to estimate the nature of the optical excitation and the mechanism of energy redistribution among the branches, where no plateau through the ICT band suggests the intramolecular excitation transfer process between the branches in dimer and trimer.

Effects of axial static stress on stress wave propagation in rock considering porosity compaction and damage evolution

A wave equation of rock under axial static stress is established using the equivalent medium method by modifying the Kelvin-Voigt model.The analytical formulas of longitudinal velocity,space and time attenuation coefficients and response frequency are obtained by solving the equation using the harmonic method.A series of experiments on stress wave propagation through rock under different axial static stresses have been conducted.The proposed models of stress wave propagation are then verified by comparing experimental results with theoretical solutions.Based on the verified theoretical models,the influences of axial static stress on longitudinal velocity,space and time attenuation coefficients and response frequency are investigated by detailed parametric studies.The results show that the proposed theoretical models can be used to effectively investigate the effects of axial static stress on the stress wave propagation in rock.The axial static stress influences stress wave propagation characteristics of porous rock by varying the level of rock porosity and damage.Moreover,the initial porosity,initial elastic modulus of the rock voids and skeleton,viscous coefficient and vibration frequency have significant effects on the P-wave velocity,attenuation characteristics and response frequency of the stress wave in porous rock under axial static stress.

Ultrasonic attenuation estimation based on time-frequency analysis

The quality factor(or Q value)is an important parameter for characterizing the inelastic properties of rock.Achieving a Q value estimation with high accuracy and stability is still challenging.In this study,a new method for estimating ultrasonic attenuation using a spectral ratio based on an S transform(SR-ST)is presented to improve the stability and accuracy of Q estimation.The variable window of ST is used to solve the time window problem.We add two window factors to the Gaussian window function in the ST.The window factors can adjust the scale of the Gaussian window function to the ultrasonic signal,which reduces the calculation error attributed to the conventional Gaussian window function.Meanwhile,the frequency bandwidth selection rules for the linear regression of the amplitude ratio are given to further improve stability and accuracy.First,the feasibility and influencing factors of the SR-ST method are studied through numerical testing and standard sample experiments.Second,artificial samples with different Q values are used to study the adaptability and stability of the SR-ST method.Finally,a further comparison between the new method and the conventional spectral ratio method(SR)is conducted using rock field samples,again addressing stability and accuracy.The experimental results show that this method will yield an error of approximately 36%using the conventional Gaussian window function.This problem can be solved by adding the time window factors to the Gaussian window function.The frequency bandwidth selection rules and mean slope value of the amplitude ratio used in the SR-ST method can ensure that the maximum error of different Q values estimation(Q>15)is less than 10%.

A Remark on the Time Decay of Non-Newtonian Flows in R3

In the study of long time asymptotic behaviors of the solutions to a class system of the incompressible non-Newtonian fluid flows in R3, it is proved that the weak solutions decay in L2 norm at （1 ＋ t）- 3/4 and the error of difference between non-Newtonian fluid and linear equation is also investigated. The findings are mainly based on the classic Fourier splitting methods.