虚裂纹扩展法计算J积分的研究

本文将虚裂纹扩展法用于断裂问题的有限元分析，编制了计算二维Ⅰ型静态和动态Ｊ积分的程序，并对受静载的线弹性材料和线性硬化弹塑性材料的中。Ｃ裂纹问题以及受动载的线弹性材料中心裂纹问题进行了具体计算．将所得结果与位移外推法、直接积分法作了比较，表明采用虚裂纹扩展法计算Ｊ积分具有方法简单、精度很高、一致性好等优点．计算也表明，采用裂端楔形奇异单元可大大提高计算精度．

虚拟裂纹闭合法在结构断裂分析中的应用

基于三维虚拟裂纹技术(3DVCCT),利用ABAQUS用户单元子程序(UEL)编写裂纹界面单元,使3DVCCT集成于ABAQUS软件中,直接计算出裂纹的断裂参数。采用此方法对连杆杆身表面裂纹进行研究,得到了连杆裂纹的应力强度因子的分布规律。

求解三维裂纹前缘SIF分布时间历程的通用权函数法和有限变分法

将三维热权函数法扩展为适用于表面力、体积力和温度载荷的通用权函数法(UWF)。推导出以变分型积分方程表达的UWF法基本方程,从变分的角度,将求解三维热权函数法基本方程的多虚拟裂纹扩展法(MVCE)改造为可以适用于一般的变分型积分方程的一类新型数值方法——有限变分法(FVM)。在FVM中可以引入无穷多种线性无关的局部变分模式,可以根据计算要求在求解域中插入任意多个计算节点,单一型裂纹问题FVM所得到的最终方程组的系数矩阵总是一个对称的窄带矩阵,而且对角元总是大数,具有良好的数值计算性能。FVM对于SIF沿裂纹前缘急剧变化的复杂情况具有较好的数值模拟能力和较高的计算精度,利用自身一致性,可以求得三维裂纹前缘SIF的高精度解。

热和机械载荷联合作用下的通用权函数法及应用

将热权函数法拓展为包括温度载荷、表面力和体积力等机械载荷在内的通用权函数法。通用权函数只与物体的几何形状有关,与时间及载荷无关。利用多虚拟裂纹扩展技术,给出热和机械载荷联合作用下的三维I型裂纹问题通用权函数法的有限元格式。通用权函数法特别适合于计算复杂冲击载荷下应力强度因子分布的过渡过程。计算实例表明,通用权函数法具有很高的计算效率,又具有与COD法相当的精度。

三维裂纹弹塑性J积分计算技术研究及工程应用

为解决三维裂纹研究需要，本文开发了一套基于增量理论的三维弹塑性有限元程序，并编制了使用虚裂纹扩展法计算J积分的后处理程序。通过计算中心穿透裂纹和表面裂纹J积分并与现有解进行比较，考核了该程序的计算精度。在此基础上，计算了中心理藏裂纹J积分JE并与相应的穿透裂纹J积分JT进行比较，提出以p／a＝0．4作为埋藏裂纹再表征为穿透裂纹的控制条件。

考虑缩径影响的橡胶衬套寿命仿真研究

为解决某车型前悬架下摆臂后衬套在路试中出现开裂的问题,提出一种考虑缩径工艺影响的寿命仿真方法。首先,通过仿真分析获得缩径后衬套的静刚度,结合多目标优化,得到可准确描述衬套力-位移特性的超弹性本构参数;然后,在考虑缩径预应变的基础上,采用裂纹扩展法预测衬套寿命,危险位置损伤达到2.01,并复现了路试开裂问题;最后,通过结构优化设计,将危险位置损伤降低至0.943。路试验证结果表明,优化后衬套的疲劳寿命得到有效提升,证明了所提出方案的有效性。

求解变分型积分方程的一种新型数值方法——有限变分法

将作者提出的多虚拟裂纹扩展法(MVCE法)拓展为求解变分型积分方程问题的一种新型数值方法——有限变分法(FVM)。它的基本思想是,给定有限个(N个)局部变分模式,将所求解的未知量用适当的方法离散化,针对这N个局部变分模式列出N个方程,求解N个未知系数,从而求得未知量。单一未知变量FVM的最终方程组的系数矩阵通常是一个对称的窄带矩阵,对角元是大数,有很好的数值计算性能。用FVM求解了三维I型裂纹前缘的应力强度因子(SIF)分布。利用基于FVM的通用权函数法计算程序,可以高精度和高效率地求解表面力、体积力和温度载荷共同作用情况下三维裂纹前缘SIF的分布及其时间历程。FVM可以被推广到更广泛的领域,是一个求解变分型积分方程问题的普遍适用的新型数值方法。

三维裂纹前缘参数化网格模型研究

为实现三维疲劳裂纹扩展自动模拟及获得更高精度的应力强度因子,在实体参数化建模的基础上,自编程开发了两种参数化裂尖网格模型,分别对应奇异元法和虚拟裂纹扩展法(VCCT法)计算应力强度因子,且两种参数化网格可互换以便相互验证。两种裂纹模型均精心设计,裂纹前缘网格正交,过渡均匀,疏密可调。与解析解的对比结果表明,两种参数化网格模型均有很高的计算精度,可为一般工程结构获得较高精度的应力强度因子结果提供技术支持。

橡胶衬套多轴载荷疲劳寿命预测

研究单轴及多轴载荷应力状态下最大主工程应变、最大主对数应变、最大主Green-Lagrange应变、最大主Euler应变和八面体切应变峰值等五种损伤参量的计算方法,发现在有限元分析时只需输出危险区域的变形梯度张量即可计算出五种损伤参量的值。基于疲劳裂纹萌生理论以及哑铃形橡胶试片的疲劳试验数据,分别以上述五种损伤参量建立寿命预测模型,用拟合优度值衡量五种寿命预测模型的准确性,其中以八面体切应变峰值为损伤参量的寿命预测模型拟合优度值最大。基于疲劳裂纹扩展理论以及单边缺口、纯剪切试片的裂纹扩展试验数据,建立疲劳寿命预测模型;分别用基于八面体切应变峰值为损伤参量的寿命预测模型和基于裂纹扩展理论的寿命预测模型对同一衬套产品进行寿命预测,对比两种寿命预测模型的预测效果;研究发现,以八面体切应变峰值为损伤参量的寿命预测模型具有更好的预测效果,预测寿命在实测寿命的三倍分散线附近。

金属内胆纤维环向缠绕储氢气瓶临界疲劳循环次数影响因素探究

目前对于采用金属内胆纤维环向缠绕的气瓶疲劳寿命影响因素研究多集中于气瓶的结构参数和工艺参数,对初始存在裂纹的探究较少。对某工作压力30 MPa的金属内胆碳纤维环向缠绕储氢气瓶进行研究,采用基于断裂力学的疲劳裂纹扩展法,结合有限元分析,对其临界疲劳循环次数进行计算,探究不同自紧压力,以及相同自紧压力下不同初始裂纹深度对金属内胆纤维环向缠绕储氢气瓶临界疲劳循环次数的影响。结果表明:(1)气瓶的临界疲劳循环次数随自紧压力的增大而增大;(2)随初始裂纹深度的减小而增加,且深度越小,临界疲劳循环次数增量越大。

发动机橡胶悬置疲劳寿命的研究进展

针对橡胶悬置疲劳寿命预测的研究,综述国内外橡胶材料及橡胶元件疲劳寿命预测方法及其发展。橡胶悬置疲劳寿命的预测方法主要分为裂纹萌生法和裂纹扩展法。裂纹萌生法中,相对于应变和应变能密度,等效应力为损伤参量建立的橡胶疲劳寿命预测模型更适用于橡胶悬置疲劳寿命预测;应用裂纹扩展法建立的橡胶疲劳寿命预测模型能较好地预测橡胶悬置疲劳寿命;与裂纹萌生法相比,裂纹扩展法可预测橡胶悬置的裂纹方向,对工程实际有更好的指导意义。

Fracture properties of epoxy asphalt mixture based on extended finite element method

Crack is found to be a major distress that affects the performance of the epoxy asphalt pavement.An extended finite element method was proposed for investigating the fracture properties of the epoxy asphalt mixture.Firstly,the single-edge notched beam test was used to analyze the temperature effect and calculate the material parameters.Then,the mechanical responses were studied using numerical analysis.It is concluded that 5℃ can be selected as the critical temperature that affects the fracture properties,and numerical simulations indicate that crack propagation is found to significantly affect the stress state of the epoxy asphalt mixture.The maximum principal stress at the crack surface exhibits different trends at various temperatures.Numerical solution of stress intensity factor can well meet the theoretical solution,especially when the temperature is lower than 5℃.

A new measurement method of crack propagation rate for brittle rock under THMC coupling condition

A new electrical method of conductive carbon-film(with waterproof and anticorrosion ability)was proposed to continuously measure crack propagation rate of brittle rock under THMC coupling condition.A self-designed coupling testing system was used to conduct THMC coupling fracture tests of the pre-cracked red sandstone specimens(where the temperature is only changed)by this new electrical method of conductive carbon-film.Calculation results obtained by the energy method coincide well with the test results.And the higher the temperature is,the earlier the crack is initiated and the larger the crack propagation rate and accelerated velocity are,which can prove the validity of the new electrical method.This new electrical method has advantages of continuously measuring crack propagation rate over the conventional electrical,optical and acoustic methods,and can provide important basis for safety assessment and cracking-arrest design of deep rock mass engineering.

A generalized cover renewal strategy for multiple crack propagation in two-dimensional numerical manifold method

Partition of unity based numerical manifold method can solve continuous and discontinuous problems in a unified framework with a two-cover system,i.e.,the mathematical cover and physical cover.However,renewal of the topology of the two-cover system poses a challenge for multiple crack propagation problems and there are few references.In this study,a robust and efficient strategy is proposed to update the cover system of the numerical manifold method in simulation of multiple crack propagation problems.The proposed algorithm updates the cover system with a bottom-up process:1)identification of fractured manifold elements according to the previous and latest crack tip position;and 2)local topological update of the manifold elements,physical patches,block boundary loops,and non-persistent joint loops according to the scenario classification of the propagating crack.The proposed crack tracking strategy and classification of the renewal cases promote a robust and efficient cover renewal algorithm for multiple crack propagation analysis.Three crack propagation examples show that the proposed algorithm performs well in updating the cover system.This cover renewal methodology can be extended for numerical manifold method with polygonal mathematical covers.

Statistical Analysis Methods of Fatigue Crack Growth Rate

The standard center-cracked tensile specimens M （T） with different widths made of aluminum alloy were designed for fatigue crack growth rate experiments, and the effect of specimen size on the fatigue crack growth rate was discussed. The firing equation and the p-da/dN-△K curve of fatigue crack growth rate （with different confidence and reliability levels） were obtained by one-side tolerance factor analysis. In order to reasonably reflect the dispersion of material properties on the fatigue crack growth rate and fatigue crack propagation life, two novel statistical analysis methods were proposed, which can be used to describe the probability distribution of fatigue crack growth rate. Compared with the traditional statistical analysis method of probabilistic fatigue crack growth rate, the fitted curves from the novel statistical analysis methods yield more objective description on the probability distribution of crack growth rate.

Influence of welding parameters on fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth rate in friction stir welded nugget of 2024-T351 aluminum alloy joints

Friction stir welding （FSW） was performed on 2024-T351 aluminum alloy plates. Metallographic analysis, Vickers microhardness and XRD tests were conducted to determine the properties of the welded zone. FE simulation of the FSW process was implemented for the different welding conditions to extract the residual stress and stress intensity factor （SIF）. Fracture and fatigue behaviors of the welds which have the initial crack in the nugget zone and the crack orientation along the welding direction, were studied based on standard test methods. Fracture behavior of the welds was also evaluated by shearography method. The results showed that the tool rotational and traverse speeds affect the fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth rate. FSW provides 18%-49% reductions in maximum fracture load and fracture toughness. A slight diminution in fracture toughness of the joints was observed for lower traverse speed of the tool, and at higher traverse or rotational speeds, increasing the probability of defects may contribute to low fracture toughness. Fatigue crack propagation rate of all welds was slower than that of the base metal for low values of stress intensity factor range ΔK （ΔK〈13 MPa·m^1/2）, but is much faster for high values of ΔK.

Feasibility analysis for monitoring fatigue crack in hydraulic turbine blades using acoustic emission technique

In order to investigate the feasibility of monitoring the fatigue cracks in turbine blades using acoustic emission (AE) technique, the AE characteristics of fatigue crack growth were studied in the laboratory. And the characteristics were compared with those of background noise received from a real hydraulic turbine unit. It is found that the AE parameters such as the energy and duration can qualitatively describe the fatigue state of the blades. The correlations of crack propagation rates and acoustic emission count rates vs stress intensity factor (SIF) range are also obtained. At the same time, for the specimens of 20SiMn under the given testing conditions, it is noted that the rise time and duration of events emitted from the fatigue process are lower than those from the background noise; amplitude range is 49-74 dB, which is lower than that of the noise (90-99 dB); frequency range of main energy of crack signals is higher than 60 kHz while that in the noise is lower than 55 kHz. Thus, it is possible to extract the useful crack signals from the noise through appropriate signal processing methods and to represent the crack status of blade materials by AE parameters. As a result, it is feasible to monitor the safety of runners using AE technique.

Dynamic Crack Propagation Analysis Using Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method

The prediction of dynamic crack propagation in brittle materials is still an important issue in many engineering fields. The remeshing technique based on scaled boundary finite element method(SBFEM) is extended to predict the dynamic crack propagation in brittle materials. The structure is firstly divided into a number of superelements, only the boundaries of which need to be discretized with line elements. In the SBFEM formulation, the stiffness and mass matrices of the super-elements can be coupled seamlessly with standard finite elements, thus the advantages of versatility and flexibility of the FEM are well maintained. The transient response of the structure can be calculated directly in the time domain using a standard time-integration scheme. Then the dynamic stress intensity factor(DSIF) during crack propagation can be solved analytically due to the semi-analytical nature of SBFEM. Only the fine mesh discretization for the crack-tip super-element is needed to ensure the required accuracy for the determination of stress intensity factor(SIF). According to the predicted crack-tip position, a simple remeshing algorithm with the minimum mesh changes is suggested to simulate the dynamic crack propagation. Numerical examples indicate that the proposed method can be effectively used to deal with the dynamic crack propagation in a finite sized rectangular plate including a central crack. Comparison is made with the results available in the literature, which shows good agreement between each other.

Fatigue reliability analysis of kiln welded shell

This paper presents a probabilistic reliability method for the welded shell during crack growth. The crack growth model incorporated with a failure assessment diagram（FAD） , which can provides a better estimation of the critical crack length, is developed to describe fatigue failure. All variables for particular welded joints of the shell are studied. Among them, the stress variables are based on the calculated stress by using the finite element （FE） code ANSYS. Fatigue reliability analysis of the welded shell is performed by using the Monte Carlo simulation method. The failure probability curve of the example kiln is significantly useful to determine the repair schedule of shell cracks.

Nonlinear finite element analysis of crack growth at the interface of rubber-like bimaterials

This paper presents the characteristics of the crack growth at the interface of rubber-rubber and rubber-steel bimaterials undertensile deformation using the non-linear finite element method. By using the commercial finite element software ABAQUS,the J integral calculations are carried out for the initial interface crack in the interfaces in-between two Neo-Hookean materials,two Mooney-Rivlin materials, Neo-Hookean and Mooney-Rivlin rubbers, Neo-Hookean and Polynomial, Mooney-Rivlin andPolynomial, and the Mooney-Rivlin and steel bi-materials. The computational results of the maximum J integral directionaround the crack tip illustrate the possible direction of crack growth initiation. Furthermore, it is found that the crack bends tothe softer rubber material at a certain angle with the initial crack direction if the crack depth is relatively small. For the crackwith a larger depth, the crack propagates to grow along the interface in-between the bimaterials.