D-P准则与岩石断裂韧度K_(Ic),K_(II)c关系的研究

通过断裂力学中裂纹端部的应力叠加,得出拉剪裂纹的端部总应力,代入D-P破坏准则,经推导得出D-P准则与岩石断裂韧度KIc,KIIc的相互关系。并以三峡永久船闸高边坡为例,说明该推导的合理性。

EH36钢厚板焊接接头CTOD断裂韧度的研究

根据BS7448和DNV-OS-C401断裂韧度试验标准,对手工电弧焊、单丝埋弧焊和双丝埋弧焊三种工艺条件下EH36钢(55mm板厚)焊焊接接头的低温(0℃和-15℃)裂纹尖端张开位移(CTOD)进行了测试,探讨在一定使用温度和焊接工艺条件下,海洋平台中部分焊接部位免除焊后热处理的可行性,其验收标准采用DNV标准为:CTOD值大于0.1 5mm即为合格.试验结果表明:未经焊后热处理的EH36钢(55mm板厚)三种焊接工艺条件下焊焊缝和热影响区(HAZ)低温下绝大部分试样的断裂韧性值是合格的.可见,EH36钢手工电弧焊、单丝埋弧焊和双丝埋弧焊焊接接头可以在不进行焊后热处理的情况下使用,这对于海洋平台大型焊接结构来说,可以大大降低制造成本,具有巨大的经济意义.

淬火温度对压裂泵液压缸用钢动态断裂行为的影响

采用示波冲击试验、扫描电镜观察断口等方法研究了压裂泵液压缸用30CrNi2MoV钢动态断裂行为。本文使用三种热处理工艺(相变点上下淬火(780、830、880℃)+620℃回火)进行试验。结果表明:与锻态试样相比,热处理后试样冲击性能得到大幅度提升,30CrNi2MoV钢的冲击功随淬火温度的升高而先升高后降低,其裂纹韧度K_(IC)/σ_(yd)随淬火温度的增加而降低,抗断裂能力变差,但强度增加。断口观察表明,锻态试样断口为脆断,具有解理形貌,780、830℃淬火试样断口呈现韧窝+部分撕裂棱的断裂特征,880℃淬火试样断口呈现韧窝特征。

不同组织下907A钢的动态断裂行为

用示波冲击加载试验 ,分别获得不同热处理状态及供货状态下的 90 7钢的动态断裂韧度。通过对不同状态下的 90 7A钢的裂纹韧度水平参数KId/σyd的比较表明 :80 0℃调质状态具有最佳抗断裂性能 :而 10 5 0℃正火和 130 0℃正火抗断裂性能都较差 ,这源于其内部粗大的魏氏体组织。

基于新冶炼工艺D406A钢的综合性能评价

针对超高强度钢D406A的生产现状和装备条件,提出了电弧炉偏心炉底出钢、钢包精炼、真空脱气和电渣重熔的新冶炼工艺。通过化学成分和金相组织分析,力学性能、弯曲性能和表面裂纹断裂韧度测试,该钢的各项指标均符合国家军队标准,表明该工艺可行。该工艺使D406A钢种在没有双真空冶炼设备的情况下得以生产,从而可降低成本,缩短生产周期。

Effect of loading rates on crack propagating speed,fracture toughness and energy release rate using single-cleavage trapezoidal open specimen under impact loads

The former studies indicate that loading rates significantly affect dynamic behavior of brittle materials,for instance,the dynamic compressive and tensile strength increase with loading rates.However,there still are many unknown or partially unknown aspects.For example,whether loading rates have effect on crack dynamic propagating behavior(propagation toughness,velocity and arrest,etc).To further explore the effect of loading rates on crack dynamic responses,a large-size single-cleavage trapezoidal open(SCTO)specimen was proposed,and impacting tests using the SCTO specimen under drop plate impact were conducted.Crack propagation gauges(CPGs)were employed in measuring impact loads,crack propagation time and velocities.In order to verify the testing result,the corresponding numerical model was established using explicit dynamic software AUTODYN,and the simulation result is basically consistent with the experimental results.The ABAQUS software was used to calculate the dynamic SIFs.The universal function was calculated by fractal method.The experimental-numerical method was employed in determining initiation toughness and propagation toughness.The results indicate that crack propagating velocities,dynamic fracture toughness and energy release rates increase with loading rates;crack delayed initiation time decreases with loading rates.

Effect of loading rate on fracture behaviors of shale under mode I loading

In this study,the effect of loading rate on shale fracture behaviors was investigated under dynamic and static loading conditions.Cracked straight through Brazilian disc(CSTBD)shale specimens were tested with a split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)setup and INSTRON1346 servo-testing machine under pure mode I loading conditions.During the test,the crack propagation process was recorded by high-speed(HS)camera,and the acoustic emission(AE)signal generated by the fracture was collected by acoustic emission(AE)system.At the same time,crack propagation gauge(CPG)was used to measure the crack propagation velocity of the specimen.The results show that the crack propagation velocity and fracture toughness of shale have a positive correlation with the loading rate.The relationship among the crack propagation velocity,the fracture toughness and the loading rate is established under the static loading condition.In addition,the characteristics of AE signals with different loading rates are analyzed.It is found that the AE signals generated by microcrack growth decrease with the increase of loading rates.Meanwhile,the turning point of cumulative counting moves forward as the loading rate increases,which shows that the AE signal generated by shale fracture at low loading rate mainly comes from the initiation and propagation of microcracks,while at high loading rate it mainly comes from the formation of macro large-scale cracks.The fracture mechanism that causes shale fracture toughness and crack propagation velocity to vary with loading rate is also discussed based on the analysis results of AE signals.

Effects of Mineral Composition and Microstructure on Crack Resistance of Sintered Ore

Vickers indentation test was used to study the effects of mineral composition and microstructure on crack resistance of sintered ore, and the initiation and propagation of cracks in different minerals contained in sintered ore were examined. The results indicate that the microstructure of calcium ferrites is a major factor influencing crack resistance of sintered ore. Finer grain size of calcium ferrite will lead to higher cracking threshold and better crack resistance of sintered ore. The formation of calcium ferrite with fine grain size during sintering process is favorable for crack resistance of sintered ore.

Extending application of asymmetric semi-circular bend specimen to investigate mixed mode Ⅰ/Ⅱ fracture behavior of granite

The asymmetric semi-circular bend(ASCB)specimen has been proposed to investigate the cracking behavior in different geo and construction materials and attracted the attention of researchers due to its advantages.However,there are few studies on the fracture toughness determination of rock materials.In this work,a series of fracture tests were performed with the ASCB specimens made of granite.The onset of fracture,crack initiation angle and crack propagating trajectory was analyzed in detail combined with several mixed mode fracture criteria.The influence of the crack length on the mode Ⅰ/Ⅱ fracture toughness was studied.A comparison between the fracture toughness ratios predicted by varying criteria and experimental results was conducted.The relationship between experimentally determined crack initiation angles and curves of the generalized maximum tangential stress(GMTS)criterion was obtained.The fracture process of the specimen was recorded with the high-speed camera.The shortcomings of the ASCB specimens for the fracture toughness determination of rock materials were discussed.The results may provide a reference for analysis of mixed mode I and II fracture behavior of brittle materials.

Determination of dynamic modeⅠfracture toughness of rock at ambient high temperatures using notched semi-circular bend method

To investigate the influence of loading rate and high temperature on the dynamic fracture toughness of rock,dynamic fracture tests were carried out on notched semi-circular bend specimens under four temperature conditions based on the split Hopkinson pressure bar system.Experimental and analytical methods were applied to investigating the effect of temperature gradient on the stress waves.A high-speed camera was used to check the fracture characteristics of the specimens.The results demonstrate that the temperature gradient on the bars will not significantly distort the shape of the stress wave.The dynamic force balance is achieved even when the specimens are at a temperature of 400°C.The dynamic fracture toughness linearly develops with the increase of loading rate within the temperature range of 25-400°C,and high temperature has a strengthening effect on the dynamic fracture toughness.

Effect of loading rate on fracture characteristics of rock

The three-point bending experiments were applied to investigating effects of loading rates on fracture toughness of Huanglong limestone. The fracture toughness of Huanglong limestone was measured over a wide range of loading rates from 9 × 10-4 to 1.537 MPa.m1/2/s. According to the approximate relationship between static and dynamic fracture toughness of Huanglong limestone, relationship between the growth velocity of crack and dynamic fracture toughness was obtained. The main conclusions are summarized as follows. （1） When the loading rate is higher than 0.027 MPa-ml/2/s, the fracture toughness of Huanglong limestone increases markedly with increasing loading rate. However, when loading rate is lower than 0.027 MPa-ml/2/s, fracture toughness slightly increases with an increase in loading rate. （2） It is found from experimental results that fracture toughness is linearly proportional to the logarithmic expression of loading rate. （3） For Huanglong limestone, when the growth velocity of crack is lower than 100 m/s, the energy release rate slightly decreases with increasing the growth velocity of crack. However, when the growth velocity of crack is higher than 1 000 m/s, the energy release rate dramatically decreases with an increase in the crack growth velocity.

A review of the effect of a/W ratio on fracture toughness (I) —experimental investigation in EPFM

Many experimental investigations have previously been performed and recentlydone on different shipbuilding structural steels where the specimens size and crack depth/specimenwidth (a/W) were varied. A series of interesting results have been gained. It is worthwhile to havea review on the effect of a/W ratio on fracture toughness, and further theoretical analysis isnecessary. In this paper, experimental work in elastic-plastic fracture mechanics (EPFM) wasdiscussed. Tests had been carried out on 10 kinds of strength steels. Results showed that J_i andδ_i. values increased with decreasing a/W when a/W【0.3 for three-point bend specimens and thatshallow crack specimens which have less constrained flow field give markedly higher values oftoughness than deeply notched specimens. However, for a/W】0.3, the toughness was found to beindependent of a/W. Slip line field analysis shows that for shallow cracks, the hydrostatic stressis lower than that from standard deeply cracked bend specimen which develops a high level of cracktip constraint, provides a lower bound estimate of toughness, and will ensure an unduly conservativeapproach when applied to structure defects especially if initiation values of COD / J-integral areused.

Simultaneously measuring initiation toughness of pure mode Ⅰ and mode Ⅱ cracks subjected to impact loads

In order to simultaneously measure the initiation toughness of pure mode Ⅰ and mode Ⅱ cracks in one specimen,a large-size double-cracked concave-convex plate(DCCP)specimen configuration was proposed.Impacting tests were implemented in the drop plate impact device.Strain gauges were employed to measure impact loads and crack initiation time.The corresponding numerical model was established by using the dynamic finite difference program AUTODYN,and the experimental-numerical method and ABAQUS code were utilized to obtain the initial fracture toughness of the crack.Using experiments and numerical research,we concluded that the DCCP specimen is suitable for measuring the initial fracture toughness of pure mode Ⅰ and mode Ⅱ cracks at the same time;the dynamic initiation toughness increases with the increase of loading rate and the crack initiation time decreases with increasing loading rate;the initiation toughness of mode Ⅱ crack is 0.5 times that of mode Ⅰ crack when subjected to the same loading rate.For the pre-crack in the vicinity of the bottom of a sample,when its length increases from 20 to 100 mm,the dynamic initiation toughness of the pure mode Ⅰ crack gradually decreases,and the longer the lower crack length is,the easier the crack would initiate,but the dynamic initiation toughness of pure mode Ⅱ crack varies little.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of liquid phase sintered silicon carbide composites

Silicon carbide (SiC) composites were prepared by hot-press sintering from α-SiC starting powders with BaAl2Si2O8 (BAS). The effects of additives on densification, microstructure, flexural strength, and fracture behavior of the liquid phase sintered (LPS) SiC composites were investigated. The results show that the served BAS effectively promotes the densification of SiC composites. The flexural strength and fracture toughness of the SiC composites can reach a maximum value of 454 MPa and 5.1 MPa·m1/2, respectively, for 40% (w/w) BAS/SiC composites. SiC grain pullout, crack deflection, and crack bridging were main toughening mechanisms for the sintered composites.