The purpose of this research is to explore the principle of the man-object relationship to identify the issues shown when handling packaging and emphasizing the usability aspect. For that, the theoretical reference of...The purpose of this research is to explore the principle of the man-object relationship to identify the issues shown when handling packaging and emphasizing the usability aspect. For that, the theoretical reference of the research involves the analysis of the parameters according to the aspects that involve the use interactions of packaging in agreement with the definition and scientific concepts of ergonomics, allied to the development of product projects, discussing forms, handling, load transportation and the support of the product. Therefore, improperly handling of the packaging may cause damages to the products and even potential accidents. Coding and decoding are significant to facilitate the use recognition within the individual＇s repertoire. The packaging, within the macro-ergonomics universe, may be the object of ergonomics, whose contribution to solve problems is related to labor activities, by dealing with packaging, transportation and load resulting from the man-object interaction. The incorrect identification of information may lead to problems of interpretation and misuse, from the handling to the disposal of packaging. For this reason, this research suggests the adjustment of the man-object interface which may lead users to make mistakes regarding use and important choices, through adequate handling actions.展开更多
As a result of 30 years of an internal armed conflict, women and children not only lost male relatives in struggle, but comprised of the displaced. Most of the households in Sri Lanka are now headed exclusively by wom...As a result of 30 years of an internal armed conflict, women and children not only lost male relatives in struggle, but comprised of the displaced. Most of the households in Sri Lanka are now headed exclusively by women. The micro finance institutions help the poor people in effective ways in order to generate income to enhance their standard of living in the rural areas. This study focuses on women entrepreneurship development through micro credit programme under post war development in Jaffna District selecting four rural areas which are Kopay, Chavakachcheri, Varani and Kodikamam. The main objective of this study is to identify the linkage with micro credit programmes and entrepreneurship development. Further it has an objective to identify the impact of micro credit on entrepreneurship development. The information has been gathered by primary data which has been distributed through the close ended questionnaire to the rural women in the above selected areas and seventy seven （77） responded out of 100. The relation between the micro credit programmes and women entrepreneurship development is examined using Statistical Package for Social Sciences （SPSS）. It is concluded that the Entrepreneurship development has a significant relationship （p〈0.05） with the microcredit programme and its impact on entrepreneurship development is crucial. It is suggested that the microcredit facilities are essential in women entrepreneurship development under post war development.展开更多
To enhance the reliability and to extend service life of packing rings, tribological and sealing perfor- mances are investigated based on the experimental results. Friction force, leakage rate and power consumption of...To enhance the reliability and to extend service life of packing rings, tribological and sealing perfor- mances are investigated based on the experimental results. Friction force, leakage rate and power consumption of three materials of pressure packing seals are measured in a refitted vertical gas compressor. The rings are made of common filled polytetrafiuroethylene （Filled PTFE）, PTFE reinforced with 30% mass fraction carbon fiber （30%CF^PTFE）, and carbon-carbon composites infiltrated with PTFE （C/C＋PTFE）, respectively. It is found that packing rings will periodically vibrate with the periodic vibration of pressure packing after the travel direction of motion abruptly turns to the reverse direction. Furthermore, the amplitude of vibration slows down with the increasing crank angle. Approximate value of friction force is available by multiple-point fast Fourier transformation （FFT） employed to process the experimental results by reducing the impact of vibration to a great extent. Of three materials of rings employed in experiments, Filled PTFE presents minimal leakage rate accom- panied with maximum power consumption. And 30%CF＋PTFE exhibits minimum friction power and moderate leakage rate. As for C/C＋PTFE, its high mechanical and thermal properties are favorable factors to enhance the ability of operating under high pressure and velocity and to improve the wear resistance. Unfortunately, this also leads to a large leakage rate. Comprehensive consideration should be taken into to evaluate the availability, reliability and service life for a type of packing ring under dry running conditions.展开更多
Crystal packing has strong influence on the charge mobility for organic semiconductors, so the elucidation of the structure-property relationship is important for the design of high-performance organic semiconductors....Crystal packing has strong influence on the charge mobility for organic semiconductors, so the elucidation of the structure-property relationship is important for the design of high-performance organic semiconductors. Halogen substitution has been shown to be a promising strategy to alter the crystal structure without significantly changing the molecular size in previous reports. This paper studies the influence of halogenation on charge transport in single crystals of chrysene derivatives from a theoretical standpoint. The structure-property relationship is first rationalized by investigating the reorganization energy and electronic coupling from the density functional theory calculations. Based on the Marcus charge transfer theory, the mobilities in the molecular monolayer are then calculated with the random walk simulation technique from which the angular resolution anisotropic mobilities are obtained on the fly. It is shown that the mobilities become much larger for holes than those for electrons in the molecular monolayer when the halogenation occurs. Furthermore, the intra-layer charge transport is little influenced by the inter-layer pathways in the single crystals of the halogenated chrysene derivatives, while the opposite case is shown for the crystal of the nonhalogenated chrysene derivative. The reason for the variations of charge transport is discussed theoretically.展开更多
文摘The purpose of this research is to explore the principle of the man-object relationship to identify the issues shown when handling packaging and emphasizing the usability aspect. For that, the theoretical reference of the research involves the analysis of the parameters according to the aspects that involve the use interactions of packaging in agreement with the definition and scientific concepts of ergonomics, allied to the development of product projects, discussing forms, handling, load transportation and the support of the product. Therefore, improperly handling of the packaging may cause damages to the products and even potential accidents. Coding and decoding are significant to facilitate the use recognition within the individual＇s repertoire. The packaging, within the macro-ergonomics universe, may be the object of ergonomics, whose contribution to solve problems is related to labor activities, by dealing with packaging, transportation and load resulting from the man-object interaction. The incorrect identification of information may lead to problems of interpretation and misuse, from the handling to the disposal of packaging. For this reason, this research suggests the adjustment of the man-object interface which may lead users to make mistakes regarding use and important choices, through adequate handling actions.
文摘As a result of 30 years of an internal armed conflict, women and children not only lost male relatives in struggle, but comprised of the displaced. Most of the households in Sri Lanka are now headed exclusively by women. The micro finance institutions help the poor people in effective ways in order to generate income to enhance their standard of living in the rural areas. This study focuses on women entrepreneurship development through micro credit programme under post war development in Jaffna District selecting four rural areas which are Kopay, Chavakachcheri, Varani and Kodikamam. The main objective of this study is to identify the linkage with micro credit programmes and entrepreneurship development. Further it has an objective to identify the impact of micro credit on entrepreneurship development. The information has been gathered by primary data which has been distributed through the close ended questionnaire to the rural women in the above selected areas and seventy seven （77） responded out of 100. The relation between the micro credit programmes and women entrepreneurship development is examined using Statistical Package for Social Sciences （SPSS）. It is concluded that the Entrepreneurship development has a significant relationship （p〈0.05） with the microcredit programme and its impact on entrepreneurship development is crucial. It is suggested that the microcredit facilities are essential in women entrepreneurship development under post war development.
文摘To enhance the reliability and to extend service life of packing rings, tribological and sealing perfor- mances are investigated based on the experimental results. Friction force, leakage rate and power consumption of three materials of pressure packing seals are measured in a refitted vertical gas compressor. The rings are made of common filled polytetrafiuroethylene （Filled PTFE）, PTFE reinforced with 30% mass fraction carbon fiber （30%CF^PTFE）, and carbon-carbon composites infiltrated with PTFE （C/C＋PTFE）, respectively. It is found that packing rings will periodically vibrate with the periodic vibration of pressure packing after the travel direction of motion abruptly turns to the reverse direction. Furthermore, the amplitude of vibration slows down with the increasing crank angle. Approximate value of friction force is available by multiple-point fast Fourier transformation （FFT） employed to process the experimental results by reducing the impact of vibration to a great extent. Of three materials of rings employed in experiments, Filled PTFE presents minimal leakage rate accom- panied with maximum power consumption. And 30%CF＋PTFE exhibits minimum friction power and moderate leakage rate. As for C/C＋PTFE, its high mechanical and thermal properties are favorable factors to enhance the ability of operating under high pressure and velocity and to improve the wear resistance. Unfortunately, this also leads to a large leakage rate. Comprehensive consideration should be taken into to evaluate the availability, reliability and service life for a type of packing ring under dry running conditions.
基金financially supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Programs of China (2011CBA00701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21003030 and 20973049)+1 种基金the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (HC201117)and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (20110490102)
文摘Crystal packing has strong influence on the charge mobility for organic semiconductors, so the elucidation of the structure-property relationship is important for the design of high-performance organic semiconductors. Halogen substitution has been shown to be a promising strategy to alter the crystal structure without significantly changing the molecular size in previous reports. This paper studies the influence of halogenation on charge transport in single crystals of chrysene derivatives from a theoretical standpoint. The structure-property relationship is first rationalized by investigating the reorganization energy and electronic coupling from the density functional theory calculations. Based on the Marcus charge transfer theory, the mobilities in the molecular monolayer are then calculated with the random walk simulation technique from which the angular resolution anisotropic mobilities are obtained on the fly. It is shown that the mobilities become much larger for holes than those for electrons in the molecular monolayer when the halogenation occurs. Furthermore, the intra-layer charge transport is little influenced by the inter-layer pathways in the single crystals of the halogenated chrysene derivatives, while the opposite case is shown for the crystal of the nonhalogenated chrysene derivative. The reason for the variations of charge transport is discussed theoretically.
