The pinwheel pattern as a suitable and advantageous alternative for the loading implementation of the pallet loading problem （PLP） is identified after a survey on the loading pattern. The definitions, elements, cate...The pinwheel pattern as a suitable and advantageous alternative for the loading implementation of the pallet loading problem （PLP） is identified after a survey on the loading pattern. The definitions, elements, categories, generating algorithms of the pinwheel pattern are discussed and a uniform symmetric pinwheel notation is proposed. Based on the forming geometry of a pinwheel, the pinwheel structure is analyzed in terms of the innate box ratio, the box/block orientation and the box number by combinatorial and geometrical methods. A revised data set for the PLP with an area ratio range from 1 to 76 and a box ratio range from 1 to 10 is proposed. All pinwheel instances with this data set are calculated, and box ratio range is obtained for each possible pinwheel pattern, which can be found for all non-prime numbers of boxes. And a high box ratio makes an optimal pinwheel pattern more likely appear. Results identify the impact of the above pinwheel pattern and the box ratio on the pallet loading problem.展开更多
A novel carbon trap sampling system for gas-phase mercury measurement in flue gas is developed, including the high efficient sorbents made of modified biomass cokes and high precision sorbent traps for measuring parti...A novel carbon trap sampling system for gas-phase mercury measurement in flue gas is developed, including the high efficient sorbents made of modified biomass cokes and high precision sorbent traps for measuring particle-bound and total vapor-phase mercury in flue gas. A dedusting device is installed to collect fine fly ash for reducing the measurement errors. The thorough comparison test of mercury concentration in flue gas is conducted between the novel sampling system and the Ontario hydro method （OHM） in a 6 kW circulating fluidized bed combustor. Mercury mass balance rates of the OHM range from 95.47% to 104.72%. The mercury breakthrough rates for the second section of the sorbent trap are all below 2%. The relative deviations in the two test cases are in the range of 15. 96% to 17. 56% under different conditions. The verified data suggest that this novel carbon trap sampling system can meet the standards of quality assurance and quality control required by EPA Method 30B and can be applied to the coal-fired flue gas mercury sampling system.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.70571033,70831002)
文摘The pinwheel pattern as a suitable and advantageous alternative for the loading implementation of the pallet loading problem （PLP） is identified after a survey on the loading pattern. The definitions, elements, categories, generating algorithms of the pinwheel pattern are discussed and a uniform symmetric pinwheel notation is proposed. Based on the forming geometry of a pinwheel, the pinwheel structure is analyzed in terms of the innate box ratio, the box/block orientation and the box number by combinatorial and geometrical methods. A revised data set for the PLP with an area ratio range from 1 to 76 and a box ratio range from 1 to 10 is proposed. All pinwheel instances with this data set are calculated, and box ratio range is obtained for each possible pinwheel pattern, which can be found for all non-prime numbers of boxes. And a high box ratio makes an optimal pinwheel pattern more likely appear. Results identify the impact of the above pinwheel pattern and the box ratio on the pallet loading problem.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51376046,51076030)the National Science and Technology Support Program of China(No.2012BAA02B01)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Scientific Innovation Research of College Graduates in Jiangsu Province(No.CXZZ13_0093,KYLX_0115,KYLX_018)
文摘A novel carbon trap sampling system for gas-phase mercury measurement in flue gas is developed, including the high efficient sorbents made of modified biomass cokes and high precision sorbent traps for measuring particle-bound and total vapor-phase mercury in flue gas. A dedusting device is installed to collect fine fly ash for reducing the measurement errors. The thorough comparison test of mercury concentration in flue gas is conducted between the novel sampling system and the Ontario hydro method （OHM） in a 6 kW circulating fluidized bed combustor. Mercury mass balance rates of the OHM range from 95.47% to 104.72%. The mercury breakthrough rates for the second section of the sorbent trap are all below 2%. The relative deviations in the two test cases are in the range of 15. 96% to 17. 56% under different conditions. The verified data suggest that this novel carbon trap sampling system can meet the standards of quality assurance and quality control required by EPA Method 30B and can be applied to the coal-fired flue gas mercury sampling system.
