A Solvable Decorated Ising Lattice Model

A decorated lattice is suggested and the Ising model on it with three kinds of interactions K1, K2, and K3 is studied. Using an equivalent transformation, the square decorated Ising lattice is transformed into a regular square Ising lattice with nearest-neighbor, next-nearest-nelghbor, and four-spin interactions, and the critical fixed point is found at K1 = 0.5769, K2= -0.0671, and K3 = 0.3428, which determines the critical temperature of the system. It is also found that this system and the regular square Ising lattice, and the eight-vertex model belong to the same universality class.

Six new chrysophycean stomatocysts ornamented with reticulum from the Great Xing'an Mountains, China

Six new chrysophycean stomatocysts ornamented with reticulum were illustrated based on SEM observation. They were described following the guidelines of the International Statospore Working Group (ISWG). All samples were collected from the Great Xing'an Mountains, China. Their taxonomic characteristics and habitats were described to provide new information on the biodiversity of chrysophycean stomatocysts. As is common with many morphotypes, their biological affinities remain unknown.

An Endemic Plant of Ermenek Region （Turkey）, Muscari muscarmi： Economic Importance, and Is There a Useful Way Out Cultivation in Its Natural Habitats？

Turkey is one of the most floristically rich countries in the world with endemic plants. Approximately one third of its flora is endemic. The Muscari muscarimi which belongs to the Liliaceae family is one of its most prominent endemic geophyte plants which originates in southwestern of Turkey where it is found in rocky places like Ermenek, Ba？yayla （Büyükkarap？nar village）, Sar？veliler. This species is the most sweetly scented member of the Liliaceae family, having something of the musk scent. Also, this plant locally is used in traditional medicine as antirheumatic, stomachic, diuretic and expectorant. In addition to this, it has also been used as food for humans and animals, ornamental plants in gardens. Morphologically, it has 3-6 linear-lanceolate, grayish-green leaves per plant and bulbs of 2-4 cm in diameter with thick fleshy perennial roots which delve down into the rocky ground of their natural habitats. The chemical is composed of polysaccharides, homoisoflavanons, glycosides etc. Main components of M. muscarimi were identified as （E）-β-ocimene （t-36%）, methyl salicylate （1-21%）, E-methyl isoeugenol （4-22%） and benzyl benzoate （7-56%）. The picking up of the plant bulbs from their natural habitats is prohibited, in accordance with international agreements for the protection of endangered geophytes. The overly habitat destruction in native growing area threatened the existence of the species categories. It is known that in vitro bulblet production in Muscari muscarimi is low. This is difficult for its cultivation in native Ermenek area districts. Recent works show that the culturing immature Musari muscarimi embryos on different growth media could be considered as a useful method for in vitro propagation. As a result, the geophytes, such as M. muscarimi, are eligible widely for perfume production and in the pharmaceutical industry as well as for ornamental flowers. Because of this plant economic importance, bulbs growing and cultivation in their natural habitats could be discussed in this study.

A Particle Interacting with V-shaped Potential Decorated by a Dirac Delta Function Interaction at Center

The Schrodinger equation for a particle in the V-shaped potential decorated by a repulsive or attractive Dirac delta function interaction at the center is solved, demonstrating the crucial influence of point interaction on the even-parity states of the original system without decoration. As strength of the attraction increases, the ground state energy falls down without limit; and in limit of infinitely large attraction, the ground state approaches a singular state. Our analysis and conclusion can be readily generalized to any one-dimensional system a particle interacts with symmetrical potential plus the Dirac delta function interaction at the center.

菱纹在服饰设计中的应用

本文从菱纹的起源及其发展历程为起点,探索到菱纹的简洁朴素之美,并分析菱纹在服饰设计中美学、经济、人文价值。最后通过世界名牌成衣产品中的菱纹应用来阐述菱纹在现代服饰设计中的应用方法。

Variation in female aggression in 2 three-spined stickleback populations with female throat and spine coloration

Despite growing interest in female ornament evolution, we still have a rudimentary understanding of female display traits relative to similar traits in males. Under one popular adaptive scenario, female ornaments are hypothesized to function in female-female competition and serve as badges of status, such that their expression is linked with elevated aggression in some cases. In this study, we investigated the relationship between 2 female ornaments--male-like red throat color and red spine coloration--and female aggression in 2 independently derived stream-resident populations of three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus. Using simulated intrusions, we tested whether females with redder ornaments were generally more aggressive, and for variation in aggressive and social behaviors between the 2 populations. We found that the red intensity of the throat and spine did not predict aggression levels in either population, suggesting a limited role for both female ornaments during female-female interaction. The 2 populations exhibited different levels of aggressive behaviors, unrelated to the color patches. Our results suggest that variation in selective pressures between populations may promote interpopulation variance in aggressive behavior but not the correlation between female ornamentation and aggression, and raise the possibility that red coloration may have evolved through different mechanisms or processes in the 2 populations.

Overexpressed BRH1, a RING finger gene, alters rosette leaf shape in Arabidopsis thaliana

Leaves are the most important plant parts for photosynthesis and respiration. Many genes are involved in determining leaf shape;however, little is known about the effects of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling-pathway genes on the development of leaf shape. Here, the brassinosteroid-responsive RING-H2 (BRH1) gene, which is suppressed by 24-epi-brassinolide treatment, was isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana. The amino acid sequence contained a highly conserved RING finger domain. In a phylogenetic analysis,BRH1 clustered closely with GLYMA11G02470.1. The leaves of brh1 mutant plants were not much different to those of the wild-type, while transgenic plants with high BRH1 expression levels had rounder rosette leaves. Mutants of the BR synthesis pathway also had a similar round leaf phenotype, and greater BRH1 expression levels. Moreover, the related marker genes KNAT1,AtHB13 and ROT4, which are known to control leaf shape, altered transcriptional levels in both transgenic BRH1 and BR-synthesis mutant lines. Thus, BRH1 may be involved in the BR signaling pathway and regulate the growth and development of rosette leaves. Research on BRH1 may prove valuable for understanding the regulatory mechanism of leaf shape and improving the leaf shapes of ornamental plants.

Decorating carbon nanofibers with Mo_2C nanoparticles towards hierarchically porous and highly catalytic cathode for high-performance Li-O_2 batteries

A facile synthesis of the hierarchically porous cathode with Mo2C nanoparticles through the electrospinning technique and heat treatment is proposed. The carbonization temperature of the precursors is the key factor for the formation of M02C nanoparticles on the carbon nanofibers （MCNFs）. Compared with the Mo2N nanoparticles embedded into N-doped carbon nanofibers film （MNNFs） and N-doped carbon nanofibers film （NFs）, the battery with MCNFs cathode is capable of operation with a high-capacity （10,509 mAhg-1 at 100 mAg-l）, a much reduced discharge-charge voltage gap, and a long-term life （124 cycles at 200 mA g-1 with a specific capacity limit of 500 mAh g -1）. These excellent performances are derived from the synergy of the following advantageous factors： （1） the hierarchically self-standing and binder-free structure of MCNFs could ensure the high diffusion flux of Li＋ and O2 as well as avoid clogging of the discharge product, bulk Li202; （2） the well dispersed M02C nanoparticles not only afford rich active sites, but also facilitate the electronic transfer for catalysis.