裕固族传统服饰工艺——“织褐子”技法的可持续时尚设计

通过剖析我国少数民族裕固族的传统服饰制作工艺技法——“织褐子”,采取对“织褐子”工艺制作过程案例分析的方式,结合现今可持续时尚的需求,探寻“织褐子”技法在现今可持续时尚发展中的创新,通过我国少数民族裕固族传统“织褐子”工艺技法的可持续时尚特征分析,传达其包含的可持续时尚理念,并试图对其进行创新设计,从而获得在保护我国少数民族传统服饰工艺传承,为少数民族传统服饰文化的延续提供新的启示。

土族织褐子技艺调查

褐子是由羊毛线织成的传统纺织物,在古代有广泛的用途。目前关于土族织褐子技艺的详细文字记录寥寥无几,本文通过对青海省互助土族自治县织褐子技艺进行较为详细的调査研究,以文字和图片形式记录将要消失的传统手工技艺.以期提高社会各界对土族织褐子技艺的关注。

忠·勇·智——谈电影“林海雪原”中杨子荣的光辉形象

小说“林海雪原”早已烩炙人口,电影“林海雪原”现在正在影院上映。读过小说和看过电影的人,无不喜欢杨子荣。杨子荣是人民英雄,在他身上集中了革命的忠、勇、智。我们学习杨子荣,就要学习他的忠、勇、智。一个革命战士,只有具备了忠、勇、智,才能为党和人民的事业做更多的工作。

兰州话中保存的上古词语

兰州地处黄河之滨,气候温和,在遥远的古代,就有我们的先民在这里辛勤劳动,繁衍生息。兰州附近发现的六七千年前母系氏族社会的遗存“马家窑文化”(首先发现于临洮马家窑,后来又在皋兰县糜地岘、兰州刘家坪、白道沟坪等处发现),就是最好的历史见证。直到今天,在兰州话中还保存了不少上古汉语的词语。对之进行必要的发掘,对于学习古汉语和研究汉语史,不是没有益处的。

张掖市人民政府关于公布第三批市级非物质文化遗产项目名录的通知

张政发[2015]102号各县(区)人民政府,市政府各部门,市直及省属驻张各单位:根据《中华人民共和国非物质文化遗产法》和《甘肃省非物质文化遗产条例》,市文广新局在各县区和市文化馆申报的基础上,组织张掖市非物质文化遗产保护专家委员会评审并公示,确定7类20项第三批市级非物质文化遗产项目名录已经市政府第58次常务会通过,现予公佰。各县区、各部门要按照相关要求,认真贯彻"保护为主、抢救第一、合理利用、传承发展"

Investigation on the catalytic effects of AAEM during steam gasification and the resultant char reactivity in oxygen using Shengli lignite at different forms

The purpose of this study is to investigate the catalytic effects of alkali and alkaline earth metallic species （AAEM） on char conversion during the gasification in steam and the changes in ex-situ char reactivity in oxygen after the gasification in steam using different forms （i.e. H-form, Na-form） of Shengli brown coal. The surface area, AAEM concentration and carbon crystallite of chars were obtained to understand the change in char reactivity. It was found that not only Na concentration and carbon structure were the main factors governing the char reactivity in the atmosphere of steam and oxygen, but also they interacted each other. The presence of Na could facilitate the formation of disordering carbon structure in char, and the amorphous carbon structure would in turn affect the distribution of Na and thus its catalytic performance. The surface area and pore volume had very little relationship with the char＇s reactivity. Addi- tionally, the morphology of chars from different forms of coals were observed using scanning electron microscope （SEM）.

Plant Tissue Culture: A Recent Progress and Potential Applications

Plant tissue culture systems have enormous potential in fundamental re- search and for commercial applications such as horticultural industry. The process of tissue culture is companied with a series of changes in respect to morphology, physiology, biochemistry, molecule and epigenetics. The changes at molecule levels mainly include genetic variation, DNA sequence variation, chromosomal variation and epigenetic regulation （DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, small RNA regulation）. These changes are believed to facilitate explant adaptation to culture conditions and to help subsequent morphogenesis processes. Nowadays, it has played a crucial part in commercial applications and in basic research into cell biology, genetics and biochemistry, etc. In present review, we shed light on the fun- damental of plant tissue culture, culture medium preparation, explant selection, mechanism of action of various hormones, the three major problems （explant pollu- tion, browning, plantlets vitrification） and the prevention measures in tissue culture, and elaborated on in vitro propagation of plants, virus-free seedling cultivation, cry- opreservation, artificial seeds and molecule levels changes during in vitro culture further.

Intraspecific genetic analysis,gamete release performance,and growth of Sargassum muticum(Fucales,Phaeophyta) from China

Sargassum muticum is one of the most abundant and conspicuous native macroalgae species on the northern coasts of China. It often forms large-scale seaweed beds in subtidal zones. This investigation was designed to understand the intraspecific genetic relationships of this alga based on samples collected from four northern coastal sites of China, and to evaluate gamete release and growth capacity in laboratory conditions. The nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 （ITS2） sequences of 16 samples from four locations were identical. Based on cox3 gene and partial rbcLS operon sequences, intraspecific genetic variability was detected with three and two ribotypes, respectively. Temperature, not irradiance, was shown to significantly affect gamete release and fertilization. Elevated temperature and irradiance enhanced the growth of germlings and vegetative branchlets. Maximum growth rate of germlings was detected at 18-24℃and an irradiance of 60-100 μmol photons/（m^2.s）. Under ambient conditions （12-25℃ and 60-125 gmol photons/ （m2.s））, relative growth rate of young branchlets could reach 7.5%/d.

Preparation, characterization and salt-resistance of a coal based super absorbent composite

Potassium humate was extracted from brown coal. A novel super absorbent composite, poly （acrylic acid-co-acryla- mide）/potassium humate （PAA-AM/KHA）, was prepared by graft polymerization of acrylic acid, acrylamide and coal based potassium humate using N, N＇-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker and potassium peroxydisulfate as an initiator. The effects of reaction temperature, degree of neutralization of the poly （acrylic acid） and the amounts of crosslinker, initiator and potassium humate were investigated. Salt resistance tests were also carded out. The composite prepared under optimal conditions had a potassium bumate content of 10% and exhibited a water absorption of 770 g/g in distilled water, and 349, 286 and 41 gig in 0.5 mol/L KC1, MgC12 and A1CI3 solutions respectively. The results indicate that the salt resistance of PAA-AM/KHA was superior to that of poly （acrylic acid-co-acrylamide） because of the collaborative effect of functional groups of the coal based potassium humate. The PAA-AM/KHA micro powder was characterized by IR spectroscopy and the micrographic surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Introduction of potassium humate into the poly （acrylic acid-co-acrylamide） structure creates a composite more suitable for use as a water-managing material in the renewal of arid and desert environments. The salt resisting property of the composite is improved, production costs are reduced and the growth stimulant effect is still present.

Isolation and Characterization of Fucoidans from Five Brown Algae and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activity

In this study, we evaluated the chemical property and antioxidant activity of fucoidans isolated from brown algae, Laminaria japonica(LJF), Lessonia nigrescens(LNF), Lessonia trabeculata(LTF), Ascophyllum mackaii(AMF), and Ecklonia maxima(EMF). LJF was less in sulfate content(14.16%) and more in galactose and mannose content(1.08 and 0.68) than the documented early. EMF contained 20%–30% of sulfate and fucose, 0.97 in molar ratio which was lower than that of sulfate to other four fucoidans(1.21–1.41). AMF(162 kDa) and EMF(150 kDa) were the first two largest in molecular weight, which were followed by LJP(126 kDa), LNF(113 kDa) and LTF(105 kDa). The fucoidans isolated these algae showed a wide range of antioxidant activity in vitro. It was found that the reducing power of the isolated fucoidans was positively correlated with their sulfate content and molecular weight. In addition, LNF and LTF at low concentrations exhibited high superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. This demonstrated that low molecular weight fucoidans may perform a high antioxidant activity.

Multiple linear equation of pore structure and coal–oxygen diffusion on low temperature oxidation process of lignite

This work aimed at studying the feasibility of calculating the coal-oxygen diffusion properties during the low temperature oxidation process of lignite so as to predict its spontaneous combustion process. Coal samples were oxidized in air ambient under different temperatures. Scanning Electron Microscope was used to indicate the surface morphology changes of oxidization. Then, based on fractal theory and flow characteristics, the ffactal dimension of gas diffusion in the pore ways was calculated under different temperature. Considering pore size distribution, connectivity distribution and Fick diffusion mechanisms, the relationship between the gas diffusivity change with pore area ffactal dimension and porosity was investigated, and multiple linear equation of the coal- oxygen diffusion coefficients and pore parameters was obtained. Comparison between the experimental data and model prediction verifies the validiW of the model. The research provides a theoretical basis for the prediction model of coal-oxygen diffusion law.

A bacterial pathogen infecting gametophytes of Saccharina japonica(Laminariales,Phaeophyceae)

A newly identified bacterial disease of kelp(Saccharina japonica) gametophytes was found in clone cultures.It is characterized by swollen gametophyte cells in the early period of infection followed by filamentous fading.An alginolytic marine bacterium referred to as A-1 was isolated from the diseased gametophytes.On the basis of 16S rDNA sequencing and morphological,physiological and biochemical characteristics,the bacterium was identified as a strain of the genus Alteromonas.By testing Koch's postulates,Alteromonas sp.A-1 was further confirmed as the pathogen.The infection process was also investigated using both scanning electron and light microscopy.

Experimental study on the effects of drying methods on the stabilities of lignite

The drying processes are always applied prior to the transportation or utilization of lignite, and result in notable changes in the stabilities of lignite. In this paper, the study on the effects of nitrogen and MTE drying process on the physico-chemical properties and stabilities of Zhaotung lignite was carried out. The briquettes produced by MTE drying in this study were 150 mm in dimension, and so had a much larger particle size than nitrogen- dried samples. Nitrogen adsorption, mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy all suggested that drying was accompanied by the transformation of larger pores into smaller ones. Compared to nitrogen drying, the pore structures could be stabilized by the MTE process. The soluble salts were removed during MTE drying which resulted in the decrease in ash and the concentrations of some of the major metals. The removal of water enhanced the hydrophilicity of nitrogen dried samples, but did not affect the hydrophilicity of MTE dried samples. The moisture holding capacity of MTE dried samples reduced faster than nitrogen dried samples with the decrease of residual moisture content. The moisture readsorption processes of MTE dried sam- ples were strongly inhibited due to the much larger particle size of sample produced by MTE drying than nitrogen drying. The susceptibility to spontaneous combustion, indicated by cross point temperature and self-heating tests, of nitrogen and MTE dried samples increased with the decrease of residual moisture content. The MTE dried samples are more liable to spontaneous combustion than nitrogen dried samples with the same residual moisture and particle size. However, the larger particle size of the MTE product made it more stable with respect to spontaneous combustion and also moisture readsorption.

Construction of a macromolecular structural model of Chinese lignite and analysis of its low-temperature oxidation behavior

The aim of this paper is to analyze the change in the active structure of lignite during the process of lowtemperature oxidation by constructing a molecular structure model for lignite. Using quantum computation combined with experimental results of proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), a structural model for the large molecular structure was constructed. By analyzing the bond lengths in the model molecule, the evolution law for the active structure of lignite was predicted for the process of low-temperature oxidation. In low-temperature oxidation,alkanes and hydroxyls are the primary active structures observed in lignite, though ether may also react. These active functional groups react with oxygen to release heat, thereby speeding up the reaction between coal and oxygen. Finally, the content of various functional groups in the process of lignite low-temperature oxidation was analyzed by infrared analysis, and the accuracy of the model was verified.

久雨欢

荒斋苫寂寥。况是雨潇潇。一雨连旬日。顦顇度春宵。彻夜杜鹃泣。林木震(?)(?)。瞱睫轰雷动。电疾如飞熛。阴霾(?)四野。叠嶂失岧尧。谁为(?)鸮怨。家室怆漂摇。桃浪添三尺。水涨没溪桥。中闺有怨妇。远道寄琼瑶。上言长相忆。双泪滴红纷。吟诗酬缱绻。青镫手自挑。怳怳不能寐。起坐剑横腰。浙沥添情绪。愁凭浊酒浇。(?)上轻花落。南风大麦黄。雀(?)泥乘橇。剡剡初分秧。绵绵雨末歇。悬耜意仿徨。沟塍茫无衅。

对初中植物学教本“植物界进化”一节的意見

初中植物学教本的最后一节“植物界的进化”中,用兩頁的編幅談到植物界的进化問題,借以总結第十二章“植物分类”中所講述的內容。通过本节的講述,可以使学生了解整个植物界由低等到高等,由簡單到复杂的进化过程,因此我觉得,在十二章的結尾安排这样一节是完全必要的。但是,植物界的演化是个比較复杂的問題,多少年来,植物学家为了解釋这問題,提出了不少学說和見解,后来,由于新的植物种和化石种的不断发現,对旧的学說作了不少修正和补充。但由于知識的限制,所以直到目前为止也并未能对此问题作出令人滿意的解答。其所以如此,是因为植物界的发展。

麻鞋

革皮之良,莫贵于麻。天水谣日：秦安褐子清水麻。清水,多美妙的名字,多美妙的地方!这样的地方,的确如其所名,有一条碧波荡漾的河,日牛头河;这样的地方,因为有清清的河水,自然就有上好的麻——如果说清水是深藏于秦州大地东北角的一块绿松石,那遍及四野的麻就是这块绿松石上一簇簇鲜嫩的绒毛。其实,早在久远的《诗经》年代,麻作为一种传统种植作物。