江苏省西/甜瓜地的土壤养分状况及其对种植年限的响应

为了解江苏省西/甜瓜产区土壤养分现状,探究西/甜瓜种植年限与土壤养分间的关系,分别在西/甜瓜主产区的苏南、苏中和苏北地区7个市的瓜地采集150个土壤样品,对不同种植年限西/甜瓜土壤pH值、电导率(EC值)及养分进行分析。结果表明,不同西/甜瓜产区土壤的pH值、电导率及养分含量具有显著差异;从全省看,土壤有效锌含量为强变异,其余养分含量和pH值、电导率均为中等变异;7个市土壤速效磷、速效钾和有效锌的含量均达到丰富水平,硼含量均较缺乏;土壤电导率以盐城市为最高,而土壤有机质和全氮以盐城市为最低。同时发现,种植年限与土壤的全氮、速效磷、速效钾、有效锌、有效硼呈极显著正相关关系。总体看,江苏省不同西/甜瓜产地土壤速效养分较充足,应适当控制磷钾肥使用量,增加微量元素硼肥的使用。

江苏省不同种植年限的西/甜瓜农田土壤线虫群落特征

在江苏省主要西/甜瓜产区,采集不同种植年限的西/甜瓜农田土壤,采用线虫形态学的鉴定方法,分析了不同种植年限西/甜瓜农田土壤线虫的数量、群落结构及相关生态指数的变化。结果表明:所有调查样点中,共发现土壤线虫54属,平均682条·100 g^-1干土,其中原杆属线虫、拟丽突属线虫和矮化属线虫在不同种植年限的西/甜瓜农田土壤中均为优势属;随着种植年限的增加,土壤线虫的总数量虽无显著变化,但其中食细菌类线虫和杂食-捕食类线虫数量显著减少,而植物寄生类线虫数量显著增加;植物寄生类线虫中的矮化属、根结属线虫数量不断增加;随着种植年限的增加,土壤线虫的多样性指数(H)、瓦斯乐斯卡指数(WI)、自由生活线虫成熟度指数(MI)显著降低,线虫通道指数(NCR)、植物寄生线虫成熟度指数(PPI)、PPI/MI显著升高,其他指数无显著变化;相关性分析结果显示,土壤线虫数量与土壤pH、速效磷、有效锌和有效硼均呈显著正相关;土壤p H、有机质、全氮、速效钾、有效硼和有效锌对土壤优势属线虫的影响较大;连续种植西/甜瓜会增加土壤植物寄生类线虫数量,进而可能造成西/甜瓜连作障碍的发生;连续种植6~10年,土壤线虫的多样性最低、稳定性最差,土壤环境已趋于恶化。

Spatial Characteristic Analysis of the Comparative Advantage of Watermelon and Melon Production in Hainan Province

[Objective] This study investigated the spatial characteristics of counties （cities） with comparative advantages in watermelon and melon production to provide reference bases in formulating strategies for the development of watermelon and melon industries in Hainan Province. [Method] By using the sowing area, total yield, and yield per unit area of watermelon and melon in Hainan Province as research u- nits, the yield comparative advantage （YCA）, efficiency comparative advantage （E- CA）, scale comparative advantage （SCA）, concentration ratio comparative advantage （CRCA）, comprehensive comparative advantage （CCA）, ratio of yield per unit area （RYPA）, sowing area ratio （SAR）, and distribution characteristics of watermelon and melon were systematically analyzed. By referring to the agricultural statistic data of 18 counties （cities） in Hainan Province, indexes for each research unit （i.e., the YCA index, ECA index, SCA index, CRCA index, CCA index, RYPA index, and SAR index） were established and calculated to determine the comparative advantage of watermelon and melon production in Hainan Province. A spatial expression of the research result on a map was conducted by using GIS software. [Result] Seven counties （cities） exhibited comparative advantages in watermelon production, namely, Lingshui, Wanning, Wenchang, Dongfang, Sanya, Ledong, and Changjiang. The Eastern and Southern Hainan Provinces had CCAs, and the Western and Northern Hainan Provinces could be reserved for future development. For melon production, four counties （cities） exhibited comparative advantages, namely, Ledong, Lingshui, Sanya, and Dongfang. The Southern Hainan Province had CCA, whereas the West- ern Hainan Province could be reserved for later development. [Conclusion] The result has showed that establishing watermelon and melon as dominant agricultural prod- ucts is necessary for the future development of the industry and for the formulation of a layout of regions with advantages, where key support and construction should be provided preferentially with the aim to raise the yield, quality, and market com- petitiveness of products.

技术获得、风险感知对瓜农规模经营意愿的影响

基于对新疆吐鲁番市、哈密市507个西/甜瓜种植户的调查数据,运用二元Logistic回归模型,分析种植技术获得途径、风险感知对农户规模经营意愿的影响。结果表明:不受传统经验束缚、参加政府组织的技术培训越多、经过社会化服务组织带动的农户规模经营意愿越高;农户对有关法规政策越了解,其规模经营的信心越足,规模经营意愿就越高;受技术获得途径和风险感知的影响,设施栽培农户、种植面积≤3.33 hm^(2)的农户规模经营意愿更强。由此提出加强对农民的科技服务,提升社会化服务组织的专业化服务能力,增强政策保障力度等对策建议。