回鹘医学与东西方医学关系考

回鹘医学在宋元时代取得了高度发展,不仅医药为中原所重,而且医学理论与实践也都达到高峰,风靡中原。回鹘医学从无到有,在宋元时代发展迅速,究其原因,应与回鹘于9世纪中叶西迁至丝绸之路沿线息息相关。西域地区有悠久的中医、印度医学传统,对回鹘医学形成与发展起到了决定性作用,同时,回鹘医学又与波斯、叙利亚、阿拉伯等地医学有着密切联系。各种因素的交合作用,促进了回鹘医学在宋元时代的形成与高度发展。

Factors related to diabetes mellitus： Study on diabetes patients at HUSM, Kelantan

A study was conducted to identify the factors related to diabetes mellitus among the diabetes patients at HUSM Kelantan. A total of 972 diabetes mellitus patients who had attended Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia （HUSM） from 2005 to 2006 were involved in the study. The significant findings include： （1） Mean age of diabetes patients under the study was 44.36 years old; （2） The average age of patients from control group and pre-diabetes group which came from the middle-age were 44.30 and 42.43 years old respectively. Patients from diabetes group had recorded the highest mean age of 53.24 years old which are the elderly; （3） There was a significant difference in the average blood sugar between patient age group of〈30 years old and patient age group of〉30 years old. However, there was no significant difference in the mean blood sugar between male and female patients; （4） There were significant associations between diabetes mellitus and gender, occupation and clinical symptoms such as tired, polyuria and polydipsia. However, there was no significant association between diabetes mellitus and polyphagia symptoms. The authors believed that the symptoms ofpolyuria and polydipsia were highly associated with the chances of the patients to get diabetes mellitus.

Medical Virology in Malaysia

Virology is a branch of biological science dealing with the study of viruses,and medical virology focuses on the study and control of diseases due to viruses that is of medical importance. The development of medical virology in Malaysia has its beginning in the Institute for Medical Research(IMR) ,following the establishment of the Division of Medical Zoology and Virus Research in the institute on 23 March 1953. The second institution in the country to establish diagnostic and research work in medical virology was Department of Medical Microbiology,Faculty of Medicine,University Malaya. This was followed by University Kebangsaan Malaysia,University Sains Malaysia and University of Sarawak Malaysia. The National Public Health Laboratory(NPHL) is the latest institution to establish a laboratory in 2003 for virus isolation and services to support country surveillance and outbreak investigation of infectious diseases due to viruses. In the field of medical virology,Malaysia contributed substantially in the areas of virus diagnostic services,development and research ranging from survey and documentation on the existence and prevalence of viruses causing diseases in Malaysia,clinical presentation and epidemiological features of virus diseases,evaluation of new diagnostic tests to pathogenesis of viral diseases. Malaysia contributed to the discoveries of at least 12 new viruses in the world. ASEAN plus Three(China,Japan,Republic of Korea) Emerging Infectious Programme was established to overcome the challenges and impact of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases in this region. Malaysia as the co-ordinator of the laboratory component of the programme,contributed to strengthen the regional laboratory capability,capacity,laboratory-based surveillance and networking. The future of medical virology in Malaysia in terms of integration of diagnostic,reference and research to support the country's need will be enhanced and strengthened with the on-going development of the National Centre for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC Malaysia) which also incorporates a futuristic Special Diagnostic and Reference Laboratory.