泸沽湖记录的西南季风区15000a B.P.以来植被与气候变化

泸沽湖是云贵高原第二大深水湖。取自水深44.5m处长度880cm的连续岩芯显示,泸沽湖沉积岩芯物理特征变化不明显,色调单一、物质构成均匀、植物残体(古树叶)丰富。本文对该岩芯上部474cm进行了孢粉分析和TOC(总有机碳)、CaCO_3(碳酸钙)百分含量的测定。在16个树叶残体AMS^(14)C测年基础上建立了岩芯的年代序列。岩芯孢粉组合表明,在泸沽湖流域,15000~12300a B.P.植被以松林为主,伴有山地针叶阔叶混交林,指示温凉偏湿的气候条件;12300~10300a B.P.的植被以松林减少而落叶阔叶林扩张为特点,表明当时气候相对偏暖偏干;在早全新世(10300~7500a B.P.)和中全新世(7500~3800a B.P.),植被以松林占优势,伴有铁杉林和云冷杉林,植被盖度大,反映温暖湿润的气候条件;在中全新世常绿栎类偏多,表明有效湿度不如早全新世;在3800~3300a B.P.,松林明显减少而硬叶常绿栎林急剧扩张,指示了一次持续的冷干事件;在晚全新世(3300a B.P.至今),松林有所恢复但未达到早中全新世的水平,常绿青冈林增加并出现较多的铁杉林和云杉林,但植被盖度明显降低,表明晚全新世的气温和湿度比早中全新世均偏低。TOC和CaCO_3含量反映的湖泊环境和湖面变化与孢粉分析结果有较好的对应,虽然彼此在年代上存在一定的差异。碳酸盐含量变化显示在13600~3400a B.P.期间湖水整体较高并形成间断性外流湖。泸沽湖沉积记录不仅揭示了末次冰消期以来升温-高温-降温的变化趋势,还记录了与Younger Dryas(YD)和约4000a B.P.的冷事件等相关的气候异常事件。因此,本研究对于认识我国西南地区现代气候环境变化过程、气候突变事件及植被演化具有重要意义。

Low-frequency variations in primary production in the Oman upwelling zone associated with monsoon winds

Thirteen-year satellite-derived data are used to investigate the temporal variability of net primary production （NPP） in the Oman upwelling zone and its potential forcing mechanisms. The NPP in the Oman upwelling zone is characterized by an abnormal decrease during E1 Nifio events. Such an NPP decrease may be related to E1 Nifio-driven anomalous summertime weak wind. During the summer following E1 Nifio, the anomalous northeasterly wind forced by southwest Indian Ocean warming weakens the southwest monsoon and warms the Arabian Sea. The abnormal wind weakens the coastal Ekman transport, offshore Ekman pumping and horizontal advection, resulting in reduced upward nutrient supply to the euphotic zone. A slightly declining trend in NPP after 2000 associated with a gradual decrease in surface monsoon winds is discussed.

Submonthly timescale oscillation characteristics of the East Asian winter monsoon and its effect on the temperature of southwest China in 2010

Using NCEP/NCAR R2 reanalysis daily data and daily meteorologicalobservational data of southwest China in 2010, this paper studied the submonthlytimescale oscillation characteristics of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) and itseffect on the temperature of southwest China in 2010 by bandpass filtering, wavelettransformation, composite analysis and correlation analysis. The main conclusions areas follows: The EAWM in 2010 was dominated by low-frequency oscillations of about 7-,12-, and 30-day periods. There existed obviously negative correlation between theEAWM and the winter temperature in southwest China on submonthly, quasi-weeklyand quasi-biweekly timescales, and negative correlation was more obvious on thequasi-biweekly than the quasi-weekly timescale. There was significant difference in thedistribution of high, middle and low layer of the troposphere when the EAWM was onthe submonthly, quasi-one-week and quasi-two-week timescales in the positive andnegative phase. In the positive EAWM phase, the upper-level subtropical westerly jet isstronger and the East Asia trough is deeper, thus it is favorable for the dominance ofmore powerful north wind and lower temperature in southwest China. On the contrary,in the negative EAWM phase, the upper-level subtropical westerly jet is weaker and theEast Asia trough is shallower, thus unfavorable for the north wind and lowertemperature in southwest China.

滇西北格贡错那卡湖沉积记录揭示的晚全新世气候变化

云南省西北部高山湖泊格贡错那卡湖（海拔4214 m）地处西南季风区，对气候变化十分敏感。文章以在格贡错那卡湖湖心钻取的1.84 m长的沉积岩芯为研究对象，对粒度、磁化率和总有机碳（TOC）含量等环境指标进行了高分辨率的分析，在精确测年的基础上（210Pb测年结合陆生植物残体的AMS 14C测年建立年代序列），重建了研究区距今约3570年来的气候与环境变化。结果表明，格贡错那卡湖所在地区近3570年来的气候与环境变化经历了5个较明显的演化阶段：1）在3570～3490 cal.a B.P.期间，气候明显降温、减湿；2）3490～1710 cal.a B.P.期间，气候总体偏冷、较干，其中3490～2860 cal.a B.P.期间气候处于较稳定的最冷干时期，随后在2860～1710 cal.a B.P.期间气候波动地有所增温、增湿；3）1710～930 cal.a B.P.（即240～1020A.D.）期间，为较稳定的暖湿期，年均温较高，温差较小；4）930～80 cal.a B.P.（即1020～1870A.D.）期间，气候总体偏冷较湿，但存在多次短暂变暖；降水总量或冰雪融水可能有所减少，但降水强度或冰雪融水强度变化较大；5）自80 cal.a B.P.（即1870 A.D.）以来，温度明显增加，可能是过去3570年以来温度最高的时期；降水有所减少，气候总体为暖偏湿。该气候特征与相邻地区泸沽湖的乔木花粉含量反映的气候变化非常一致，揭示了研究区气候变化的区域性。