饲料大麦新品种西大麦2号的选育及栽培技术

针对于凉山州饲料大麦20多年来没有更换新的品种,混杂退化极为严重,为了提高大麦产量和品质,为发展畜牧业提供优质的饲料;同时随着烤烟面积的不断发展,对前作要求更加早熟,为烤烟生产留有充足的季节。我们根据凉山州饲料大麦生态区的自然条件特点,用(盐源大麦×马龙紫芒麦)×川农90-18杂交培育出了大麦新品种西大麦2号。该品种产量9 000 kg/hm2以上,比对照川农90-18早熟3 d,抗叶锈和条纹病能力较强,蛋白质含量14.1%,比对照低11.9%;淀粉含量52.5%,比对照低0.19%;水分含量10.2%,比对照低1.92%。,综合农艺性状优于川农90-18。

四川“西大麦”系列品种的良种扩繁技术

"西大麦"系列品种是四川省育成的系列饲用大麦品种,具有高产、优质、抗逆的特点。为规范"西大麦"系列品种在四川的良种繁育体系,本文从隔离条件、整地施肥、播种、田间管理、去杂、收获、种子检验等方面进行总结,以保证品种的种性、纯度,促进"西大麦"系列品种的推广应用。

攀西地区不同播种期·播种量和施肥量对大麦生长发育及产量的影响

[目的]研究攀西地区不同播种期、播种量和施肥量对西昌学院新育成的西大麦1号(Hordeum agriocrithon)生长发育和产量的影响,为该地区大麦高产栽培提供指导,并为其进一步推广提供科学依据。[方法]试验设不同播种期和播种量试验及不同氮、磷肥施用量试验。[结果]在攀西地区,西大麦1号以10月25日左右播种,播种量150 kg/hm2,施纯N量108 kg/hm2,施P2O5量113 kg/hm2,施K2O量90 kg/hm2(N∶P2O5∶K2O为1.20∶1.26∶1.00)组合效果较好。播种密度越大越易感染白粉病和叶锈病,多施或偏施尿素会导致大麦抗病性和抗逆性下降,越易感染白粉病和叶锈病;肥料处理间氮肥的施用量增加,生育期延长,但磷肥施用量对生育期影响不明显。[结论]在攀西地区,西大麦1号的适宜播期为10月25日左右,适宜播种量为150 kg/hm2,适宜的N、P2O5、K2O施用量分别为108、113、90,N∶P2O5∶K2O为1.20∶1.26∶1.00。

A Preliminary Study on Biological Activity of Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn

[ Objective ] The insecticidal and antibacterial bioactivity of Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn were screened and bioactive substances in it were separated and purified. [ Method] The Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn was conducted ultrasonic extraction in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol. The insecticidal activity of Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn to Mythimna separata walker and aphid were determined. The antibacterial activity of Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn to Fusarium graminearu, Glomerella cingulata, F. oxysporium f. sp niveum, Alternaria solani and Fusarium oxysporium were also determined. The bioactivity-guided methods such as opencolumn chromatography and Pre-HPLC method were used to separate active components in petroleum ether extract from Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn. [ Result] When the concentration was 500 mg/L, 3 kinds of extracts from Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn didn＇ t show obvious antibacterial bioactivity to 5 kinds of test samples. When the concentration was 5%, petroleum ether extract show certain topical toxicity to aphids. The ethyl acetate extract showed certain antifeedant activity to 3^rd instar Larvae of Mythimna separata Walker. The fraction F4 of petroleum ether extract possessed highest topical toxicity to aphids and the lethality was 60.00%. [ Conclusion] Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn contained many insecticidal constituents whose active parts and mechanism were needed further researches.

Further molecular evidence for the Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum in Tibet as ultimate progenitor of Chinese cultivated barley

106 aeeessions of Tibetan wild barley, including 50 accessions of the two-rowed wiht barley Hordeum vulgare ssp. sopntaneum （HS）, 27 accessions of the six-rowed bottle-shaped wild barley H. lagunculiforme （HL） and 29 accessions of the six-rowed wiht barley H. agriocrithon （HA） that separately represent different agrigeographical regions of Tibet, were used to study the genetic diversity and genetie differentiation using SSR markers selected from seven barley linkage groups. 229 allelic variants were identified with an average of 7.6 alleles/locus. The average of total number of alleles per locus in HA （6.4） is much higher than that in HS （3.9） and HL （3.4）. The genetie diversity and its standard deviation among the three subspecies were in the order of HS〉HL〉HA. Very significant genetic differentiation was observed among the three subspecies of wild barley. Comparisons of the results fiom this and previous studies showed a strong Oriental-Occidental differentiation of barley, and that Shannan region of Tibet might be the center of origin of the Tibetan two-rowed wild barley, thus supporting not only the hypothesis of a mono-phyletie origin of cultivated barley but also the proposition that the Tibetan two-rowed wild barley as ultimate progenitor of Chinese cultivated barley.

Double-Cropping Pinto Bean after Winter Barley in Western Colorado USA

A double-cropping field study was conducted at the Colorado State University, Fruita. Colorado USA to evaluate an irrigated, double-cropping system of winter barley （Hordeum vulgare L.） followed by pinto bean （Phaseolus vutgaris L.） for the valley areas of western Colorado USA and other similar environments. Double-cropping pinto bean after winter barley was successful, but to use our double-cropping technology in commercial agriculture in adapted locations will likely require identifying or developing a winter barley cultivar that matures earlier than current cultivars but does not head and flower so early that it is susceptible to freeze damage. Double-cropping was more profitable in all three years than growing either pinto bean or winter barley as a sole crop.

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Patterns of Grain Crops in the West Liaohe River Basin

Here,we quantitatively determine temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of main grain crops in the West Liaohe River basin,Inner Mongolia,China,from 2000 to 2010 based on MODIS remote sensing data and NDVI time series information for the years 2000,2005 and 2010.Phenological calendars and a decisionmaking tree extraction model were also used to obtain spatial distribution information of spring maize,spring wheat and soybean.We found that in 2010,the sown area of the main grain crops in the West Liaohe River basin was 11 965.08km2,of which,the sown area for spring maize accounted for 92.28%and was concentrated in the lower reaches of the region.Spring wheat accounted for 3.14% and was mainly in the middle reaches.Soybean accounted for 4.58% and was predominantly in the upper reaches.From 2000 to 2005,the sown area of these grain crops in the West Liaohe River basin grew by 29.77%,mainly in the lower reaches： spring maize grew by 38.99%,spring wheat by 39.04% and soybean by 21.27%.From 2005 to 2010,growth in the sown area of these crops was slow（5.18% growth） and mainly in the lower reaches of the basin.The sown area of spring maize increased,but decreased for both spring wheat and soybean.