西学方法对中国哲学的“伤害”及其反省——以“四大认知范式”为中心的考察

对于西方哲学方法应用于认知、理解中国传统哲学所产生的负面影响,一直为学界所关注、所批评。那么,西方哲学方法用于认知、理解中国传统哲学究竟产生了怎样的负面影响呢?应该怎样理解这种负面影响?又如何避免或消除这种负面影响?通过对"四大认知范式"用于认知、理解中国传统哲学的实践之考察,兴许能寻找到可资参考的答案。

西学方法、考据传统与中国现代学术典范之转移——以胡适与冯友兰的中国哲学史研究为中心

中国现代学术史上,经典著作对新学术的建立有着突出的示范意义。西学东渐背景下,借鉴与融会西方学术方法成为中国现代学科创建的前提条件,而清代考据学方法对新学术经典的创立也起到了十分突出的作用。胡适的《中国哲学史大纲》和冯友兰的《中国哲学史》,这两部现代学科的经典著作,亦均凸显了西学方法与考据传统在新学术典范转移过程中的重要作用。

西学与中国文学的百年错位及反正——以王国维从《红楼梦评论》到《人间词话》的发展变化为中心

告别西学"方法"与中国文学"对象"的百年错位,返回彼此契合的逻辑正态,这是检测20世纪中国文学学术成熟与否的标志之一。王国维作为现代学术先驱,在1904—1908年间,留下了从《红楼梦评论》之错位到《人间词话》之反正这段学术史曲折。"错位"的症候在于,当他让叔本华(方法)牵着中国文学(对象)的鼻子走时,对象的独特性和丰富性被牺牲;"反正"的秘诀则是,他把西学原型的若干思想资源重铸为契合对象的思辨方法,这在学术上属于高难度的"动作"。

中西会通的学术旨趣与人生境界——论王岳川教授的前沿学术研究和创新

王岳川教授以研究"后学"著称,坚持会通中西思想文化,通过对西学思维方法论的积极借鉴吸收,拓展学术思想视野,坚持深入中国传统,在全球化时代探索发现东方的文化意义,自觉担当东方知识分子的历史使命,以开放的人类情怀展望世界文化的发展,不遗余力地进行东方文化世界化的生命践行。

Architectural Teaching and Design Computing： A Didactic Experience in a Brazilian Architecture Course

In the last years, architectural practice has been confronted with a paradigm shift towards the application of digital methods in design activities. In this regard, it is a pedagogic challenge to provide a suitable computational background for architectural students, to improve their ability to apply algorithmic-parametric logic, as well as fabrication and prototyping resources to design problem solving. This challenge is even stronger when considering less favored social and technological contexts, such as in Brazil, for example. In this scenario, this article presents and discusses the procedures and the results from a didactic experience carried out in a design computing-oriented discipline, inserted in the curriculum of a Brazilian architecture course. Hence, this paper shares some design computing teaching experiences and presents some results on computational methods and creative approaches, with a view to contribute to a better understanding about the relations between logical thinking, mathematics and architectural design processes.

Contrastive study on Chinese and Western teaching methodologies

This paper is to reiterate the importance of culture acquisition in learning English by comparing such four language teaching methodologies as curriculum, teaching materials, teaching approaches and assessment between China and Western countries. Then it points out that EFL education reform in China, in the sense of culture teaching, has a long way to go. The paper finds that the real application for English teaching is how to practice the culture infusion in English teaching.

Interculturality and Socio-Linguistic Identity in the Learning of English and Spanish in Mexico

In the current field of action of the pedagogy of languages, efficient, inclusive and dynamic teaching methods are needed; just this work will present the intercultural method through didactic evidences （pedagogical sequences） that have proved their functionality in the teaching rooms of the English in a Spanish-speaking context, as is Mexico. Without forgetting that interculturality is defined according to Cassany （2016） as an ideological current that is that each language of the world is a representative tool at the service of a culture and that said culture in a society is a mental and attitudinal representation to the world where a certain society is based. Then interculturality seeks to develop intercultural skills in the users of languages （Anglo-Hispanic）.

Glacier Changes during the Past 40 Years in the West Kunlun Shan

Recent studies on glaciers in the West Kunlun Shan, northwest Tibetan Plateau, have shown that they may be stable or retreating slightly. Here, we assess changes in the mass of the glaciers in the West Kunlun Shan(WKS) in an attempt to understand the processes that control their behavior. Glaciers over the recent 40 years(1970-2010) have shrunk 3.4±3.1%in area, based on a comparison between two Chinese glacier inventories. Variations of surface elevations, derived from ICESat-GLAS(Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-Geoscience Laser Altimeter System) elevation products(GLA14 data) using the robust linear-fit method, indicate that the glaciers have been gaining mass at a rate of 0.23±0.24 m w.e./a since 2003. The annual mass budget for the whole WKS range from 2003 to 2009 is estimated to be 0.71±0.62 Gt/a. This gain trend is confirmed by MOD10A1 albedo for the WKS region which shows a descent of the mean snowline altitude from 2003 to 2009.

Relation between Spirals in Pre-Hispanic Design with Mathematics Spirals

The spiral has been studied for the first time in the book “About the spirals”, by Archimedes （Greece, 287-212 BC）. In America, the design of spirals seems to have been used previous to Archimedes＇ time, although in the Northwest of Argentina the appearance of this figure in ceramics can be dated between the years 800 and 1,400 （AD）. The spiral is found in cave paintings, in pumpkin carvings and in pottery, particularly those painted inside of plates （pucos in Quechua language）.There can be seen simple linear spirals, double spirals and spirals filled with squares, spirals in two, facing each other symmetrically, as well as spirals joined to bodies of animals. The number of spires detected in the largest spiral is 12, a number of evidently sacred characteristics. When there are several spirals in an earthenware vessel, it can be seen that all of them spin to the same side whether it is clockwise or not. This could have been caused by the predominance of the use of either one hand or the other by the ancient artist. This paper is produced with computer methods used to design spirals in the computer, either Archimedes or the logarithmic ones. Finally, the book： “Man and his symbols” of the psychiatrist Carl Gustav Jung （1875-1961） help to understand this congruencies. In this paper, Mathematics is complemented with the Archeology of art and Psychology.

Through Pacific/Pasifika Lens to Understand Student＇s Experiences to Promote Success Within New Zealand Tertiary Environment

Traditionally, education environments are Eurocentric. They have reinforced ＂pedagogy of the oppressed＂ where Western knowledge is reflected in the university curriculum and ways of learning and teaching. Factors influencing success in learning remain an area of strong interest particularly in regard to non-traditional students in learning and teaching settings. This study explores the strategies undertaken by first, second, and third generation Paciflc/Pasifika students to overcome challenges whilst studying and utilizing services provided by staff in the Pasifika Learning Village at the Auckland University of Technology in New Zealand. The study adopted a mixed method approach that was adapted by integrating a Pasfika method of talanoa to understand their experiences so that their voices and stories on how they made it through a tertiary environment are heard and valued. Through Pacific/Pasifika lens, a cultural analysis of Pacific/Pasifika students＇ knowledge, values, and beliefs highlighted that supplementary cultural spaces, Pacific/Pasifika staff support, and valuing and acknowledging the social space relationships are imperative factors empowering them to succeed in a New Zealand tertiary setting. This paper argues that cultural pedagogies integrated into mainstream revealed successes that warrant recognition as they have demonstrated that traditional models within contemporary settings empower and enhance Pacific/Pasifika students＇ success.

Using the Chinese-Spanish Dictionary by Video： Methodological Guidelines for the Design

The purpose of this paper is to present and analyze the methodological guidelines that directed the design, production, and use of the video program 衹要功夫深,铁棒磨成针 or How to Use the Chinese Dictionary： Beginners＇ Level, as well as expose the development phases of the program and its use by teachers in the classrooms of Chinese as a foreign language. This program is part of a series of videos about the use of dictionaries in different languages, which have been designed, produced, used, and assessed in the framework of the project ＂Diseno y produccion de material didctico en video para la ensefianza de lenguas en la UNAM＂ （Design and Production of Didactic Materials on Video for the Teaching of Languages at UNAM）, just as presented at the II Congreso Internacional de Lexicografia Hispanica （II International Congress of Hispanic Lexicography） （2006）. The topic Of this paper is the use of Chinese-Spanish bilingual dictionary. The method used was descriptive and systematic analysis methodological guidelines for creation derived from the design model proposed.

An Insight into Machine Learning Algorithms to Map the Occurrence of the Soil Mattic Horizon in the Northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Soil diagnostic horizons, which each have a set of quantified properties, play a key role in soil classification. However, they are difficult to predict, and few attempts have been made to map their spatial occurrence. We evaluated and compared four machine learning algorithms, namely, the classification and regression tree(CART), random forest(RF), boosted regression trees(BRT), and support vector machine(SVM), to map the occurrence of the soil mattic horizon in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau using readily available ancillary data. The mechanisms of resampling and ensemble techniques significantly improved prediction accuracies(measured based on area under the receiver operator characteristic curve score(AUC)) and produced more stable results for the BRT(AUC of 0.921 ± 0.012, mean ± standard deviation) and RF(0.908 ± 0.013) algorithms compared to the CART algorithm(0.784 ± 0.012), which is the most commonly used machine learning method. Although the SVM algorithm yielded a comparable AUC value(0.906 ± 0.006) to the RF and BRT algorithms, it is sensitive to parameter settings, which are extremely time-consuming.Therefore, we consider it inadequate for occurrence-distribution modeling. Considering the obvious advantages of high prediction accuracy, robustness to parameter settings, the ability to estimate uncertainty in prediction, and easy interpretation of predictor variables, BRT seems to be the most desirable method. These results provide an insight into the use of machine learning algorithms to map the mattic horizon and potentially other soil diagnostic horizons.

Reflection on prosperity: Localization of pedagogy in China

In the past 20 years,China has seen an influx of foreign pedagogies that emphasize Western concepts such as dualistic opposition and linear development.As educational studies have become localized to China’s environment,there has been a tendency to substitute transplanted ideas for methods based on local research.As such Chinese educational theory has arbitrarily been replaced by Western theory and practice as the standard.Therefore,there is now a need for restructuring methodology with more theoretical wisdom based on the localization of pedagogy in China.

A predual of a predual of B_σ and its applications to commutators

A predual of B_σ-spaces is investigated. A predual of a predual of B_σ-spaces is also investigated,which can be used to investigate the boundedness property of the commutators. The relation between Herz spaces and local Morrey spaces is discussed. As an application of the duality results, one obtains the boundedness of the singular integral operators, the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operators and the fractional integral operators, as well as the commutators generated by the bounded mean oscillation(BMO) and the singular integral operators.What is new in this paper is that we do not have to depend on the specific structure of the operators. The results on the boundedness of operators are formulated in terms of B_σ-spaces and B_σ-spaces together with the detailed comparison of the ones in Herz spaces and local Morrey spaces. Another application is the nonsmooth atomic decomposition adapted to B_σ-spaces.