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从禁地到利薮:权力经济下的明代西山煤炭开采 被引量:3
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作者 高寿仙 《社会科学辑刊》 CSSCI 北大核心 2011年第6期197-203,共7页
北京西部山地蕴藏着丰富的煤炭资源,但在明代,为了保护京城和皇陵的风水,严禁在这里伐石采煤。由于开窑挖煤既可以为当地百姓提供生计,又可以为权豪势要带来利益,这种禁令很难得到长期有效执行。到明代中叶,私开煤窑现象已是蔚然成风。... 北京西部山地蕴藏着丰富的煤炭资源,但在明代,为了保护京城和皇陵的风水,严禁在这里伐石采煤。由于开窑挖煤既可以为当地百姓提供生计,又可以为权豪势要带来利益,这种禁令很难得到长期有效执行。到明代中叶,私开煤窑现象已是蔚然成风。嘉靖年间,不得不放松限制,允许在西山采煤。由勋臣、外戚构成的京城权贵集团,通过自行开窑、接受投献等方式,在西山拥有大量煤窑,成为主导西山煤业的重要力量,相互之间还曾发生激烈争斗。朝廷也试图从中获利,陆续开设了一些官窑。万历年间,神宗在西山设置煤监,征收税课,因骚扰百姓,最终引发了大量窑民进京请愿的事件。其后,神宗虽然撤回煤监,但继续征收煤税,到天启年间才宣布停征。 展开更多
关键词 明代北京 西山煤炭 权力经济 在地势力
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北京西山煤炭采空区“井筒型”塌陷灾害及成因 被引量:6
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作者 纪玉杰 《北京地质》 2002年第2期28-33,共6页
20世纪 80年代以来 ,在北京西山开展的灾害地质调查中 ,“井筒型”塌陷坑的成因引起的争论较多。本文根据该类塌陷的地质特征 ,从当地的地质、水文、气候等条件的分析入手 ,提出煤炭采空是其形成的主要原因 。
关键词 西山煤炭 采空区 塌陷灾害 成因 地质灾害 北京
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煤炭开采对油松林下植物多样性的影响研究
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作者 赵娟 《山西水土保持科技》 2013年第1期12-14,19,共4页
通过设置不同煤炭开采强度,对开采区和非开采区油松林下灌木和草本植物的多样性进行了调查研究。结果表明:在低开采强度下,灌木层植物多样性低;在中等开采强度下,灌木层植物多样性最高;随着开采强度的进一步增大,灌木层植物多样性又出... 通过设置不同煤炭开采强度,对开采区和非开采区油松林下灌木和草本植物的多样性进行了调查研究。结果表明:在低开采强度下,灌木层植物多样性低;在中等开采强度下,灌木层植物多样性最高;随着开采强度的进一步增大,灌木层植物多样性又出现下降趋势。草本层植物多样性随开采强度的增加而降低,耐旱物种的重要值排序有明显提前,且在高强度开采区域出现了地椒、黄芩等强耐旱植物。 展开更多
关键词 植物多样性灌木草本煤炭开采西山矿务局 太原市
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Comparison between several seismic inversion methods and their application in mountainous coal fields of western China 被引量:9
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作者 XU Yongzhong CHEN Tongjun +2 位作者 CHEN Shizhong HUANG Weichuan WU Gang 《Mining Science and Technology》 EI CAS 2010年第4期585-590,共6页
With the objective of establishing the necessary conditions for 3D seismic data from mountainous areas in western China, we compared the application results of wave impedance technology in the lithology and exploratio... With the objective of establishing the necessary conditions for 3D seismic data from mountainous areas in western China, we compared the application results of wave impedance technology in the lithology and exploration of coal fields. First, we introduce principles and features of three kinds of inversion methods. i.e., Model-Based Inversion, Constrained Sparse Spike Inversion (CSSI) and Geology-Seismic Feature Inversion. Secondly, these inversion methods are contrasted in their application to 3D seismic data from some coalfields in western China. The main information provided by the research includes: improving the vertical resolution of coal deposit strata, inferring lateral variation of the lithology and predicting coal seams and their roof lithology. Finally, the comparison between the three methods shows that the model-based inversion has the higher resolution, while CSSI inversion has better waveform continuity. The geology-seismic feature inversion requires information from a large number of wells and many types of logging curves of good quality. All three methods can meet the requirements of seismic exploration for lithological exploration in coal fields. 展开更多
关键词 model-based inversion constrained sparse spike inversion geology-seismic feature inversion coal seam lithological exploration
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Multiple Confined-Zone-Based Nickel Hydrogenation Catalyst Made by Shanxi Institute of Coal Chemistry
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《China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology》 SCIE CAS 2015年第4期19-19,共1页
The Shanxi Institute of Coal Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences has designed and prepared a multiple confined-zone-based nickel hydrogenation catalyst by means of the atomic layer deposition(ALD)technology.In compa... The Shanxi Institute of Coal Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences has designed and prepared a multiple confined-zone-based nickel hydrogenation catalyst by means of the atomic layer deposition(ALD)technology.In comparison with the non-confined-zone based catalyst,the multiple confined-zone-based nickel catalyst possesses an enhanced catalytic reactivity and catalytic stability for hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde and nitrobenzene. 展开更多
关键词 Shanxi confined hydrogenation reactivity nickel nitrobenzene calcination template synthesize sized
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