Concentration, Distribution, and Occurrence of REEs in Coals from Chongqing,Southwest China

The concentration, distribution, and occurrence of rare earth elements (REEs) in coals as well as stone coalsin different geological periods from Chongqing were studied. The results show that the REE content in coals fromChongqing is much higher than that of the ordinary Chinese coals, the Late Paleozoic coals from North China, UScoals, and the world coals. Although the concentration of light rare earth elements (LREE) is higher than that of heavyrare earth elements (HREE), the ratio of LREE to HREE is as low as 5.11. The REE content decreases with thecoal-formation periods from old to new. The REE content in the Sinian stone coal is the highest, but it is the lowest inEarly Jurassic coals. The similar REE contents in bituminous coals and anthracite show that the metamorphism has alittle influence on REE content in coal. In addition, silicate association dominates the occurrence mode of REEs incoals from Chongqing.

Swelling characteristics of soils derived from black shales heightened by cations in Northern Chongqing,China

Black shale is widely distributed in southern and western China.The swelling and breakdown characteristics of black shale are important physicomechanical properties in engineering activities.Aqueous solutions with different compositions exert various influences on the swelling characteristic of black shale because of the complexity of its composition.Soils derived from black shale are most commonly developed on black shales with bedded horizons that generally have cutting and weathering profiles.This paper reports an axial free swelling study for soils derived from black shales and developed in the Lower Cambrian black shales in Chengkou County,Chongqing Municipality,Southwest China.To discuss the swelling characteristics of black shale under the influence of cations,an axial free swelling test was conducted on black shale samples while considering the initial water content,weathering stage of black shale,and different cationic solutions with various concentrations.Results showed that the swelling deformation curve of black shale could be divided into three phases:acceleration,deceleration,and stability.The axial swelling ratio eventually decreased with increasing water content,and the axial free swelling rate changed with the free expansion model of the exponential relationship.Under a constant initial water content,the axial swelling rate increased with the intensity of black shale weathering in the same immersion solution.When different types of immersion solutions were used,the cationic price was high and the axial swelling rate increased with rising cation valence.The changes in the swelling ratio were significant at a valence of one or two.The results of this study provide further understanding of the engineering geological characteristics of black shale and the geological hazards caused by the swelling characteristics of black shale.

Phytotherapic Potentials of Xylopia aethiopica Dried Fruits （Grains of Selim） as Additive in Broiler Production

Xylopia aethiopica dried fruits （gains of selim） as an additive in starter broilers production was investigated. For this purpose, a total of 195-day old broiler chicks （Arbor acres） were randomly allocated into five treatments groups with 39 chicks and three replicates of 13 chicks in each. Blended grains of selim was given through drinking water on treatments T2, T3, T4 and T5 at concentrations of 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1,0 g/L, while chicks on treatment T1 （control） received antibiotics （Doxy-gen 20/20 WSP： Doxycycline hyclate 200 mg and Gentamicine sulfate 200 mg） at 0.3 g/L of water. All the experimental chicks were fed ad libitum with diet containing 23% crude protein and 2,851.55 kcal/kg metabolizable energy for 28 d. The results revealed that there were similarities （P 〉 0.05） in final body weight, total weight gain, daily weight gain, total feed intake, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio among the treatments. There were significant （P 〈 0.05） differences in the microbial count of faeces before the birds received antibiotics and grains of selim, but count were similar （P 〉 0.05） after grains of selim and antibiotics were administered. Cost of total feed consumed, cost of per kg feed and cost of per kg weight were significantly （P 〈 0.05） higher in treatment T1, but cost differential and relative cost benefit were similar （P 〉 0.05）. Results indicate that grains of selim have antimicrobial and anthelminthic properties, and promote growth in broiler chickens.

我的入市之道(四)

十一:宝延风波 证监会成立不久,高西庆便主持起草《股票发行与交易暂行条例》.其中最费心思的是第四章“兼并收购”,国务院法制局的人说没必要,“十年八年也不会发生这种大鱼吃小鱼的事.”这章被删得只剩粗略的几条. 《条例》于1993年4月颁行,9月便发生“宝延风波”.证监会秘书长朱利给在美访问的高西庆打电话说这件事时,高西庆惊叹“这么快?”中国股市这么快就发生大鱼吃小鱼的事件,高西庆没想到.