Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an important indication for liver transplantation in many Western countries. Obesity and insulin resistance are the two most common risk factors for NASH, which can lead to recur...Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an important indication for liver transplantation in many Western countries. Obesity and insulin resistance are the two most common risk factors for NASH, which can lead to recurrent NASH after liver transplantation. There is currently no approved therapy for NASH, and treatment is directed at risk factor modification and lifestyle changes. Betaine has been used for NASH, with mixed results, and may show promise in conjunction with other agents in clinical trials.展开更多
Snow avalanche is a serious threat to the safety of roads in alpine mountains. In the western Tianshan Mountains, large scale avalanches occur every year and affect road safety. There is an urgent need to identify the...Snow avalanche is a serious threat to the safety of roads in alpine mountains. In the western Tianshan Mountains, large scale avalanches occur every year and affect road safety. There is an urgent need to identify the characteristics of triggering factors for avalanche activity in this region to improve road safety and the management of natural hazards. Based on the observation of avalanche activity along the national road G218 in the western Tianshan Mountains, avalanche event data in combination with meteorological, snowpack and earthquake data were collected and analyzed. The snow climate of the mountain range was examined using a recently developed snow climate classification scheme, and triggering conditions of snow avalanche in different snow climate regions were compared. The results show that snowfall is the most common triggering factor for a natural avalanche and there is high probability of avalanche release with snowfall exceeding 20.4 mm during a snowfall period. Consecutive rise in temperature within three days and daily mean temperature reaching 0.5℃ in the following day imply a high probability of temperaturerise-triggered avalanche release. Earthquakes have a significant impact on the formation of large size avalanches in the area. For the period 2011-2017, five cases were identified as a consequence of earthquake with magnitudes of 3.3≤M_L≤5.1 and source-to-site distances of 19~139 km. The Tianshan Mountains are characterized by a continental snow climate with lower snow density, lower snow shear strength and high proportion depth hoar, which explains that both the snowfall and temperature for triggering avalanche release in the continental snow climate of the Tianshan Mountains are lower than that in maritime snow climate and transitional snow climate regions. The findings help forecast avalanche release for mitigating avalanche disaster and assessing the risk of avalanche disaster.展开更多
Chinese Meishan and Jiangquhai pigs are two of the most prolific pigs in the world, but their growth rate is lower than that of Duroc, Landrace and Pietrain pigs. It is suggested that growth rate is regulated by growt...Chinese Meishan and Jiangquhai pigs are two of the most prolific pigs in the world, but their growth rate is lower than that of Duroc, Landrace and Pietrain pigs. It is suggested that growth rate is regulated by growth hormone. The objective of the current study was to analyze the porcine growth hormone (p GH ) gene polymorphisms based on the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism method (PCR RFLP) for three western meat type breeds (Duroc, Landrace and Pietrain) and two local Chinese pigs (Meishan and Jiangquhai). Five polymorphic restriction sites were detected with the Apa I, Msp I, Bsp I and Hha I restriction enzymes in two amplified fragments (605 bp, -119 to +486; 506 bp, +206 to +711). Breed difference was found only in the 506 bp fragment. There was no difference in allelic frequencies of Bsp I and Hha I restriction sites among the five breeds ( P >0.05). Landrace and Meishan pigs lacked allele G 3 of Msp I site. The allele G 3 frequency of restriction Msp I site of the 506 bp fragment in Pietrain pigs was higher than that in Duroc and Jianquhai pigs ( P <0.001). For Apa I site, the Meishan pigs lacked allele G1 ; no difference was found in allelic frequencies among Pietrain, Duroc, Landrace and Jiangquhai pigs ( P > 0.05 ). This new and rapid PCR RFLP typing method is an attractive tool for analysis of porcine growth hormone gene restriction sites. The differences in Msp I and Apa I restriction sites may explain the growth difference between the foreign meat type breeds above mentioned and local Chinese pigs.展开更多
In the city of La Plata （Argentina） and the surroundings, there are tomato landraces, widely known as ＂tomate platense＂ and particularly prized because of their flavor. The objective was to evaluate seven promisso...In the city of La Plata （Argentina） and the surroundings, there are tomato landraces, widely known as ＂tomate platense＂ and particularly prized because of their flavor. The objective was to evaluate seven promissory lines of ＂tomate platense＂ （TL） derived from local varieties and a commercial hybrid （CH） considering yield, fruit characters and their possible associations. Nine plants per treatment were arranged in a randomized complete block design （r = 4）. The following parameters were determined： diameter （cm）, height （cm）, diameter/height （D/H） ratio, weight per fruit （g）, number of locules, the average number of fruits per plant, the average weight of fruits per plant （kg/ptant）, the yield （ton/ha） and the survival percentage. ANOVA, Tukey＇s test and Pearson correlation coefficient were applied. The TL showed greater （P ≤ 0.01） diameter, D/H ratio and number of locules than CH. In all materials, both diameter and height were associated （P ≤ 0.05） with the weight per fruit. Six of TL had greater （P ≤ 0.01） weight per fruit than HC. Respect to number of fruits per plant, weight of fruits per plant and yield, there were no significant differences among the materials. The survival for CH was lower （P ≤0.05） than that for TL. Although fruits with a smaller size and less flattened have been selected, the lines show enough similarity in these characters that identified their common origin. With the fruits smaller and more uniform, and having no joined fruits, these lines may be of interest to be cultivated under low-input system conditions and practical for low-income producers.展开更多
文摘Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an important indication for liver transplantation in many Western countries. Obesity and insulin resistance are the two most common risk factors for NASH, which can lead to recurrent NASH after liver transplantation. There is currently no approved therapy for NASH, and treatment is directed at risk factor modification and lifestyle changes. Betaine has been used for NASH, with mixed results, and may show promise in conjunction with other agents in clinical trials.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Service Network Initiative of the Chinese Academy of Science (Grant No.KFJSTSZDTP-015)the National Project of Investigation of Basic Resources for Science and Technology (Grant No.2017FY100501)the supports in field and laboratory work from the Tianshan Station for Snow cover and Avalanche Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Snow avalanche is a serious threat to the safety of roads in alpine mountains. In the western Tianshan Mountains, large scale avalanches occur every year and affect road safety. There is an urgent need to identify the characteristics of triggering factors for avalanche activity in this region to improve road safety and the management of natural hazards. Based on the observation of avalanche activity along the national road G218 in the western Tianshan Mountains, avalanche event data in combination with meteorological, snowpack and earthquake data were collected and analyzed. The snow climate of the mountain range was examined using a recently developed snow climate classification scheme, and triggering conditions of snow avalanche in different snow climate regions were compared. The results show that snowfall is the most common triggering factor for a natural avalanche and there is high probability of avalanche release with snowfall exceeding 20.4 mm during a snowfall period. Consecutive rise in temperature within three days and daily mean temperature reaching 0.5℃ in the following day imply a high probability of temperaturerise-triggered avalanche release. Earthquakes have a significant impact on the formation of large size avalanches in the area. For the period 2011-2017, five cases were identified as a consequence of earthquake with magnitudes of 3.3≤M_L≤5.1 and source-to-site distances of 19~139 km. The Tianshan Mountains are characterized by a continental snow climate with lower snow density, lower snow shear strength and high proportion depth hoar, which explains that both the snowfall and temperature for triggering avalanche release in the continental snow climate of the Tianshan Mountains are lower than that in maritime snow climate and transitional snow climate regions. The findings help forecast avalanche release for mitigating avalanche disaster and assessing the risk of avalanche disaster.
文摘Chinese Meishan and Jiangquhai pigs are two of the most prolific pigs in the world, but their growth rate is lower than that of Duroc, Landrace and Pietrain pigs. It is suggested that growth rate is regulated by growth hormone. The objective of the current study was to analyze the porcine growth hormone (p GH ) gene polymorphisms based on the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism method (PCR RFLP) for three western meat type breeds (Duroc, Landrace and Pietrain) and two local Chinese pigs (Meishan and Jiangquhai). Five polymorphic restriction sites were detected with the Apa I, Msp I, Bsp I and Hha I restriction enzymes in two amplified fragments (605 bp, -119 to +486; 506 bp, +206 to +711). Breed difference was found only in the 506 bp fragment. There was no difference in allelic frequencies of Bsp I and Hha I restriction sites among the five breeds ( P >0.05). Landrace and Meishan pigs lacked allele G 3 of Msp I site. The allele G 3 frequency of restriction Msp I site of the 506 bp fragment in Pietrain pigs was higher than that in Duroc and Jianquhai pigs ( P <0.001). For Apa I site, the Meishan pigs lacked allele G1 ; no difference was found in allelic frequencies among Pietrain, Duroc, Landrace and Jiangquhai pigs ( P > 0.05 ). This new and rapid PCR RFLP typing method is an attractive tool for analysis of porcine growth hormone gene restriction sites. The differences in Msp I and Apa I restriction sites may explain the growth difference between the foreign meat type breeds above mentioned and local Chinese pigs.
文摘In the city of La Plata （Argentina） and the surroundings, there are tomato landraces, widely known as ＂tomate platense＂ and particularly prized because of their flavor. The objective was to evaluate seven promissory lines of ＂tomate platense＂ （TL） derived from local varieties and a commercial hybrid （CH） considering yield, fruit characters and their possible associations. Nine plants per treatment were arranged in a randomized complete block design （r = 4）. The following parameters were determined： diameter （cm）, height （cm）, diameter/height （D/H） ratio, weight per fruit （g）, number of locules, the average number of fruits per plant, the average weight of fruits per plant （kg/ptant）, the yield （ton/ha） and the survival percentage. ANOVA, Tukey＇s test and Pearson correlation coefficient were applied. The TL showed greater （P ≤ 0.01） diameter, D/H ratio and number of locules than CH. In all materials, both diameter and height were associated （P ≤ 0.05） with the weight per fruit. Six of TL had greater （P ≤ 0.01） weight per fruit than HC. Respect to number of fruits per plant, weight of fruits per plant and yield, there were no significant differences among the materials. The survival for CH was lower （P ≤0.05） than that for TL. Although fruits with a smaller size and less flattened have been selected, the lines show enough similarity in these characters that identified their common origin. With the fruits smaller and more uniform, and having no joined fruits, these lines may be of interest to be cultivated under low-input system conditions and practical for low-income producers.
