Glaciers in the western Nyainqentanglha Range are an important source of water for social and economic development. Changes in their area were derived from two Chinese glacier inventories; one from the 197o 1：5o,ooo ...Glaciers in the western Nyainqentanglha Range are an important source of water for social and economic development. Changes in their area were derived from two Chinese glacier inventories; one from the 197o 1：5o,ooo scale Chinese Topographic Maps series and the other from Landsat TM/ETM＋ images acquired in 2009. Analyses also included boundaries from 2000 and 2014 Landsat TM/ETM＋ images. A continuing and accelerating shrinkage of glaciers occurred here from 1970 to 2014, with glacier area decreasing by 244.38±29.48 km^2 （27.4%±3.3%） or 0.62%±0.08% a^-1. While this is consistent with a changing climate, local topographic parameters, such as altitude, slope, aspect and debris cover, are also important influences. Recession is manifested by a rise in the elevation of the glacier terminus. The shrinkage of glaciers with NE, N and NW orientations exceeded that of other aspects, and glaciers with SE and S orientations experienced less shrinkage. Changes in the average positive difference of glaciation （PDG） show that the western Nyainqentanglha Range has unfavorable conditions for glacier maintenance which is being exacerbated by a warming climate since 1970.展开更多
In Mediterranean countries and particularly in Southern Italy, durum wheat （Triticum durum Desf.） is traditionally used for bread production. Market globalization has created, also in these regions, the spread of br...In Mediterranean countries and particularly in Southern Italy, durum wheat （Triticum durum Desf.） is traditionally used for bread production. Market globalization has created, also in these regions, the spread of bread made with soft wheat flour （Triticum aestivum L.） standardizing this product flattening consumers＇ taste. With the aim of re-evaluating the old Sicilian local varieties, some landraces, chosen from the genebank of the institute, have been multiplied on farmers＇ fields to have enough material for making bread and for comparing this product with bread made by improved new varieties. Before milling in the pilot plant, the different wheats were characterized for their merceological indexes. The semolina obtained was analyzed for its chemical parameters. Rheological tests were conducted on dough and, finally, using standardized methods, one-variety breads were produced. On the bread slices, computerized image analysis was performed to measure colour and morphological parameters of crumb and crust. Sensory analysis, achieved through a descriptive profiling test, was conducted with trained judges using touch, fragrance and taste attributes for the different bread types. The different merceological, chemical and theological properties of raw material, grain and semolina were reflected in the breads prepared using old or improved varieties. Finally, the data obtained pointed out that the bread prepared with old and improved varieties can be clearly distinguished both by objective morphological parameters （image analysis） and by sensorial evaluations, for a potential traceability of typical product.展开更多
In mountainous areas, it is the undulant terrain, various types of geomorphic and land use that make the remote sensing images great metamorphism. Moreover, due to the elevation, there are many areas covered with shad...In mountainous areas, it is the undulant terrain, various types of geomorphic and land use that make the remote sensing images great metamorphism. Moreover, due to the elevation, there are many areas covered with shadow, clouds and snow that make the images more inaccurate. As a result, it would be very difficult to carry out auto-classification of RS images in these areas. The study took Southwest China as the case study area and the TM images, SPOT images as the basic information sources assisted by the auxiliary data of DEM, NDVl, topographical maps and soil maps to preprocess the images. After preprocessing by topographic correction and wiping off clouds, snow and shadows, all the image data were stacked together to form the images to be classified. Then, the research used segmentation technology and hierarchical method to extract the main types of land use in the area automatically. The results indicated that the qualitative accuracies of all types of land use extracted in Southwest China were above 90 percent, and the quantitative accuracies was above 86 percent. The goal of reducing workloads had been realized.展开更多
基金supported by the fundamental program from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(MOST)(Grant No.2013FY111400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41190084)+1 种基金the MOST Technology Oriented Project(Grant No.2012BAC19B07)The second Chinese Glacier Inventory was a product of the previous MOST Project(Grant No.2006FY110200)
文摘Glaciers in the western Nyainqentanglha Range are an important source of water for social and economic development. Changes in their area were derived from two Chinese glacier inventories; one from the 197o 1：5o,ooo scale Chinese Topographic Maps series and the other from Landsat TM/ETM＋ images acquired in 2009. Analyses also included boundaries from 2000 and 2014 Landsat TM/ETM＋ images. A continuing and accelerating shrinkage of glaciers occurred here from 1970 to 2014, with glacier area decreasing by 244.38±29.48 km^2 （27.4%±3.3%） or 0.62%±0.08% a^-1. While this is consistent with a changing climate, local topographic parameters, such as altitude, slope, aspect and debris cover, are also important influences. Recession is manifested by a rise in the elevation of the glacier terminus. The shrinkage of glaciers with NE, N and NW orientations exceeded that of other aspects, and glaciers with SE and S orientations experienced less shrinkage. Changes in the average positive difference of glaciation （PDG） show that the western Nyainqentanglha Range has unfavorable conditions for glacier maintenance which is being exacerbated by a warming climate since 1970.
文摘In Mediterranean countries and particularly in Southern Italy, durum wheat （Triticum durum Desf.） is traditionally used for bread production. Market globalization has created, also in these regions, the spread of bread made with soft wheat flour （Triticum aestivum L.） standardizing this product flattening consumers＇ taste. With the aim of re-evaluating the old Sicilian local varieties, some landraces, chosen from the genebank of the institute, have been multiplied on farmers＇ fields to have enough material for making bread and for comparing this product with bread made by improved new varieties. Before milling in the pilot plant, the different wheats were characterized for their merceological indexes. The semolina obtained was analyzed for its chemical parameters. Rheological tests were conducted on dough and, finally, using standardized methods, one-variety breads were produced. On the bread slices, computerized image analysis was performed to measure colour and morphological parameters of crumb and crust. Sensory analysis, achieved through a descriptive profiling test, was conducted with trained judges using touch, fragrance and taste attributes for the different bread types. The different merceological, chemical and theological properties of raw material, grain and semolina were reflected in the breads prepared using old or improved varieties. Finally, the data obtained pointed out that the bread prepared with old and improved varieties can be clearly distinguished both by objective morphological parameters （image analysis） and by sensorial evaluations, for a potential traceability of typical product.
基金Supported by the National Public Welfare Project on Environmental Protection (2007KYYW21)the Program of National Science and Technology research(2006BAC01A01-05)
文摘In mountainous areas, it is the undulant terrain, various types of geomorphic and land use that make the remote sensing images great metamorphism. Moreover, due to the elevation, there are many areas covered with shadow, clouds and snow that make the images more inaccurate. As a result, it would be very difficult to carry out auto-classification of RS images in these areas. The study took Southwest China as the case study area and the TM images, SPOT images as the basic information sources assisted by the auxiliary data of DEM, NDVl, topographical maps and soil maps to preprocess the images. After preprocessing by topographic correction and wiping off clouds, snow and shadows, all the image data were stacked together to form the images to be classified. Then, the research used segmentation technology and hierarchical method to extract the main types of land use in the area automatically. The results indicated that the qualitative accuracies of all types of land use extracted in Southwest China were above 90 percent, and the quantitative accuracies was above 86 percent. The goal of reducing workloads had been realized.
