AIM: To determine the effect of ethnicity on the severity of reflux esophagitis (RE) and its complications. METHODS: A retrospective search of the endoscopy database at the University of Florida Health Science Center/...AIM: To determine the effect of ethnicity on the severity of reflux esophagitis (RE) and its complications. METHODS: A retrospective search of the endoscopy database at the University of Florida Health Science Center/Jacksonville for all cases of reflux esophagitis and its complications from January 1 to March 31, 2001 was performed. Inclusion criteria were endoscopic evidence of esophagitis using the LA classif ication, reflux related complications and self-reported ethnicity. The data obtained included esophagitis grade, presence of a hiatal hernia, esophageal ulcer, stricture and Barrett's esophagus, and endoscopy indication. RESULTS: The search identified 259 patients with RE or its complications, of which 171 were non-Hispanic whites and 88 were African Americans. The mean ages and male/female ratios were similar in the two groups. RE grade, esophageal ulcer, stricture and hiatal hernia frequency were likewise similar in the groups. Barrett's esophagus was present more often in non-Hispanic whites than in African Americans (15.8% vs 4.5%; P < 0.01). Heartburn was a more frequent indication for endoscopy in non-Hispanic whites with erosive esophagitis than in African Americans (28.1% vs 7.9%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Distribution of RE grade and frequency of reflux-related esophageal ulcer, stricture andhiatal hernia are similar in non-Hispanic whites and African Americans. Heartburn was more frequently and nausea/vomiting less frequently reported as the primary endoscopic indication in non-Hispanic whites compared with African Americans with erosive esophagitis or its complications. African Americans have a decreased prevalence of Barrett's esophagus compared with non-Hispanic whites.展开更多
The economy of the equestrian sector encompasses all the activities related to the equine world. All activities revolving around the use of a horse as entertainment, sport or business play a role in the ＂horse indus...The economy of the equestrian sector encompasses all the activities related to the equine world. All activities revolving around the use of a horse as entertainment, sport or business play a role in the ＂horse industry＂. These activities take place due to the existence of people demanding horses and a variety of goods and services associated with them Previous studies reveal that as income per capita becomes larger, the equestrian demand increases and, consequently, the global expenditure incurred by those individuals interested in horses. More than 500,000 horse, 9,000 breeders and 50,000 equestrian businesses, show the economic importance of the equestrian sector in Spain. That part of global expenditure that adds to the GDP of a country is what is generally defined as economic impact of the sector. Its relation will depend mostly on： the percentage of the expenditure that adds to national production and the participation in the country＇s global expenditure of those domestic goods and services associated with the equestrian demand. The activities related to sports are those with most economic impact, about 8,000 ∈ per horse, measured as total expenditure or with respect to the employment that they generate in the economy.展开更多
Ernest Hemingway is one of the greatest American novelists. His For Whom the Bell Tolls, a novel on Spanish Civil War, is generally regarded as ＂his most ambitious artistic endeavor and a heroic epic of the 20th cent...Ernest Hemingway is one of the greatest American novelists. His For Whom the Bell Tolls, a novel on Spanish Civil War, is generally regarded as ＂his most ambitious artistic endeavor and a heroic epic of the 20th century American literature＂. The protagonist, Jordan, is a brave, unselfish, and stressful fighter for fascist, who is the more mature epitome of Ernest Hemingway in the reality. It is an example of application of＂meta-fiction＂. Both of their views on war change from being pessimistic to being optimistic; both Hemingway and Jordan are the heroes of ＂Grace under Pressure＂ and both of them start to care for the society and love others.展开更多
Chinese Cultural Week Opens in Spain A cultural exchange event aimed at showcasing China's colorful culture opened on May 17 in Pozuelo de Alarcon,a city near the Spanish capital of Madrid.
The purpose of this paper is to present and analyze the methodological guidelines that directed the design, production, and use of the video program 衹要功夫深,铁棒磨成针 or How to Use the Chinese Dictionary： Beginn...The purpose of this paper is to present and analyze the methodological guidelines that directed the design, production, and use of the video program 衹要功夫深,铁棒磨成针 or How to Use the Chinese Dictionary： Beginners＇ Level, as well as expose the development phases of the program and its use by teachers in the classrooms of Chinese as a foreign language. This program is part of a series of videos about the use of dictionaries in different languages, which have been designed, produced, used, and assessed in the framework of the project ＂Diseno y produccion de material didctico en video para la ensefianza de lenguas en la UNAM＂ （Design and Production of Didactic Materials on Video for the Teaching of Languages at UNAM）, just as presented at the II Congreso Internacional de Lexicografia Hispanica （II International Congress of Hispanic Lexicography） （2006）. The topic Of this paper is the use of Chinese-Spanish bilingual dictionary. The method used was descriptive and systematic analysis methodological guidelines for creation derived from the design model proposed.展开更多
Galtung （1998a） held that there are two ways of covering a conflict： the low road and the high road; each road is different in focus. The first is called war journalism and the second is called peace journalism. Ba...Galtung （1998a） held that there are two ways of covering a conflict： the low road and the high road; each road is different in focus. The first is called war journalism and the second is called peace journalism. Based on this, a specialized journalism model on conflict coverage was created： peace journalism. The principles and actions of this model could be used to analyze the making of news that responds to the criteria of peace journalism. In other words, they can be applied in two separate ways, either as tools for the analysis of information on conflicts or as guidelines to create new information. This article focuses on the first approach, the content analysis, to determine if the analyzed news is oriented to either War journalism or peace journalism, according to what peace journalism proposes. The author cares about how the ideology influence in this point. The author analyzed three major newspapers, on its online version： The New York Times, USA; La Jornada, M6xico, and El Mundo, Spain. The first two could be considered left-wing newspapers and the last one is right-wing oriented. The issues covered by the newspapers were the Mexican government war against drugs principally, and issues related with the war against drugs in the world. The results show that the newspaper who scored best and was located within the standards of peace journalism is El Mundo.展开更多
The Hispanic population of the United States has become, in recent times, into a powerful electoral force whose vote is historically oriented towards the Democratic Party of the incumbent US President Barack H. Obama....The Hispanic population of the United States has become, in recent times, into a powerful electoral force whose vote is historically oriented towards the Democratic Party of the incumbent US President Barack H. Obama. Obviously, this growing electoral strength is reflected into its political presence in the American life that has been accomplished with their numeric inclusion in the US Congress. Although in the recent decades several studies have arisen on the status of the Hispanic community in the United States from both sides of the Atlantic, these have been primarily focused on casuistic, demographic, developmental or educational aspects. But only a few of them, if any, has focused exclusively on the numerical and symbolical representation of the community in the political arena, and more specifically into the main legislative body of the country, the US Congress. And therein it lays the purpose of this article. We intend to investigate not only the historical presence of Hispanic legislators in Congress but also and especially their political influence in the current U.S. Congress. Finally, and prior to the conclusions drawn throughout the paper, we will analyze the political influence of the Hispanic congresswomen in the current 114th Congress. As we will be breaking down, this group has been changing gradually from a poor oppressed minority into one of the most dynamic groups of the country, introduced at all levels of government.展开更多
文摘AIM: To determine the effect of ethnicity on the severity of reflux esophagitis (RE) and its complications. METHODS: A retrospective search of the endoscopy database at the University of Florida Health Science Center/Jacksonville for all cases of reflux esophagitis and its complications from January 1 to March 31, 2001 was performed. Inclusion criteria were endoscopic evidence of esophagitis using the LA classif ication, reflux related complications and self-reported ethnicity. The data obtained included esophagitis grade, presence of a hiatal hernia, esophageal ulcer, stricture and Barrett's esophagus, and endoscopy indication. RESULTS: The search identified 259 patients with RE or its complications, of which 171 were non-Hispanic whites and 88 were African Americans. The mean ages and male/female ratios were similar in the two groups. RE grade, esophageal ulcer, stricture and hiatal hernia frequency were likewise similar in the groups. Barrett's esophagus was present more often in non-Hispanic whites than in African Americans (15.8% vs 4.5%; P < 0.01). Heartburn was a more frequent indication for endoscopy in non-Hispanic whites with erosive esophagitis than in African Americans (28.1% vs 7.9%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Distribution of RE grade and frequency of reflux-related esophageal ulcer, stricture andhiatal hernia are similar in non-Hispanic whites and African Americans. Heartburn was more frequently and nausea/vomiting less frequently reported as the primary endoscopic indication in non-Hispanic whites compared with African Americans with erosive esophagitis or its complications. African Americans have a decreased prevalence of Barrett's esophagus compared with non-Hispanic whites.
文摘The economy of the equestrian sector encompasses all the activities related to the equine world. All activities revolving around the use of a horse as entertainment, sport or business play a role in the ＂horse industry＂. These activities take place due to the existence of people demanding horses and a variety of goods and services associated with them Previous studies reveal that as income per capita becomes larger, the equestrian demand increases and, consequently, the global expenditure incurred by those individuals interested in horses. More than 500,000 horse, 9,000 breeders and 50,000 equestrian businesses, show the economic importance of the equestrian sector in Spain. That part of global expenditure that adds to the GDP of a country is what is generally defined as economic impact of the sector. Its relation will depend mostly on： the percentage of the expenditure that adds to national production and the participation in the country＇s global expenditure of those domestic goods and services associated with the equestrian demand. The activities related to sports are those with most economic impact, about 8,000 ∈ per horse, measured as total expenditure or with respect to the employment that they generate in the economy.
文摘Ernest Hemingway is one of the greatest American novelists. His For Whom the Bell Tolls, a novel on Spanish Civil War, is generally regarded as ＂his most ambitious artistic endeavor and a heroic epic of the 20th century American literature＂. The protagonist, Jordan, is a brave, unselfish, and stressful fighter for fascist, who is the more mature epitome of Ernest Hemingway in the reality. It is an example of application of＂meta-fiction＂. Both of their views on war change from being pessimistic to being optimistic; both Hemingway and Jordan are the heroes of ＂Grace under Pressure＂ and both of them start to care for the society and love others.
文摘Chinese Cultural Week Opens in Spain A cultural exchange event aimed at showcasing China's colorful culture opened on May 17 in Pozuelo de Alarcon,a city near the Spanish capital of Madrid.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to present and analyze the methodological guidelines that directed the design, production, and use of the video program 衹要功夫深,铁棒磨成针 or How to Use the Chinese Dictionary： Beginners＇ Level, as well as expose the development phases of the program and its use by teachers in the classrooms of Chinese as a foreign language. This program is part of a series of videos about the use of dictionaries in different languages, which have been designed, produced, used, and assessed in the framework of the project ＂Diseno y produccion de material didctico en video para la ensefianza de lenguas en la UNAM＂ （Design and Production of Didactic Materials on Video for the Teaching of Languages at UNAM）, just as presented at the II Congreso Internacional de Lexicografia Hispanica （II International Congress of Hispanic Lexicography） （2006）. The topic Of this paper is the use of Chinese-Spanish bilingual dictionary. The method used was descriptive and systematic analysis methodological guidelines for creation derived from the design model proposed.
文摘Galtung （1998a） held that there are two ways of covering a conflict： the low road and the high road; each road is different in focus. The first is called war journalism and the second is called peace journalism. Based on this, a specialized journalism model on conflict coverage was created： peace journalism. The principles and actions of this model could be used to analyze the making of news that responds to the criteria of peace journalism. In other words, they can be applied in two separate ways, either as tools for the analysis of information on conflicts or as guidelines to create new information. This article focuses on the first approach, the content analysis, to determine if the analyzed news is oriented to either War journalism or peace journalism, according to what peace journalism proposes. The author cares about how the ideology influence in this point. The author analyzed three major newspapers, on its online version： The New York Times, USA; La Jornada, M6xico, and El Mundo, Spain. The first two could be considered left-wing newspapers and the last one is right-wing oriented. The issues covered by the newspapers were the Mexican government war against drugs principally, and issues related with the war against drugs in the world. The results show that the newspaper who scored best and was located within the standards of peace journalism is El Mundo.
文摘The Hispanic population of the United States has become, in recent times, into a powerful electoral force whose vote is historically oriented towards the Democratic Party of the incumbent US President Barack H. Obama. Obviously, this growing electoral strength is reflected into its political presence in the American life that has been accomplished with their numeric inclusion in the US Congress. Although in the recent decades several studies have arisen on the status of the Hispanic community in the United States from both sides of the Atlantic, these have been primarily focused on casuistic, demographic, developmental or educational aspects. But only a few of them, if any, has focused exclusively on the numerical and symbolical representation of the community in the political arena, and more specifically into the main legislative body of the country, the US Congress. And therein it lays the purpose of this article. We intend to investigate not only the historical presence of Hispanic legislators in Congress but also and especially their political influence in the current U.S. Congress. Finally, and prior to the conclusions drawn throughout the paper, we will analyze the political influence of the Hispanic congresswomen in the current 114th Congress. As we will be breaking down, this group has been changing gradually from a poor oppressed minority into one of the most dynamic groups of the country, introduced at all levels of government.
