王树枏的西疆诗作

王树枏清末曾在新疆为官,民国时期主持《清史稿》的编篡工作,学贯中西,其所留有关诗作悉保存于《陶庐诗续集》卷3《出塞集》、卷4《北庭集》、卷5《休否集》等三卷中,可以视为历代西陲吟边诗的末篇。其诗从长剑嵯峨出塞歌、政暇清兴赋西陲、访古论学史臣心三方面看,体现了热爱边疆、民族和谐、祖国统一的情怀。

地域文化交融视野下的《西疆杂述诗》

萧雄的《西疆杂述诗》是边塞诗第二次繁荣时期的产物。时代之于《西疆杂述诗》创作风格的影响表现在对于新疆领土的历史追溯,诗集中还重墨描写地域文化的相互影响。作为新疆竹枝词定型期的代表作,其竹枝词内容上对新疆民俗进行了全面而深入的记叙,其诗注结合的方式达到了竹枝词创作最完善的境地,同时从意象的选择上又体现了南方文化与新疆文化的融合。

雍正朝西疆事务缺载年月满文奏折考辨

通过对奏折档案文献的互读,依据《清实录》等史籍的相关记载,对《雍正朝满文朱批奏折全译》一书所载录的部分西疆(新疆、青海、西藏)事务奏折的系年系月问题进行了研究与考辨。

夏竦的西疆经略思想——兼与韩琦、范仲淹比较

北宋仁宗朝,西疆党项一族一家独大,吐蕃、回鹘诸部势力大衰。三川口一役,西疆局势骤然紧张,夏竦、韩琦与范仲淹等人因此上书建言,并阐述其经略西疆的思想。夏竦进献守策,虽然有许多可取之处但只得到了极其有限的实践,韩琦脱离实际的攻策却一度为仁宗采纳。范仲淹的守策也因其耗时久见效慢等原因而以破产告终。夏竦与韩琦、范仲淹同为宋朝重臣,但其历史形象却与二人相差甚远,这与其处于话语权力弱势一端有着很大的关系。

《西疆杂述诗》的“早期现代”情感认知分析

19世纪中期中国社会新旧因素消长缠绕的繁复场景,易于激发读书人的多种情绪反应,个体在思考、判断、取舍的认知过程中形成具有深刻性和稳定性的情感和意志活动。文章从萧雄反叛性的人生选择、客观理性的批判精神、纪实性的城市诗创作和赞赏式的边地情感四个方面,分析阐述萧雄及其《西疆杂述诗》的创作中呈现出的“早期现代”情感认知的表现形态。

萧雄《西疆杂述诗》版本研究

清代诗人萧雄的《西疆杂述诗》以诗体表述新疆的地理人文及军政建制,对于研究同光年间新疆历史颇具价值,该诗作的版本以其稿本为主,包含刻本及铅印本两大类。本文对其版本流传及其渊源进行了剖析。

夏朝“西被于流沙”考

根据夏、商、周的西疆所至,其“西被于流沙”多为不实。夏朝“西被于流沙”的地望,恐谓今内蒙古腾格里沙漠为胜。

楚疆西拓的学术史考察

周代是先秦时期社会文化繁荣、各族群文化融合剧烈的重要历史时期。楚国初封时是一个地处江汉之间的子爵小国,历代楚王开疆拓土,最终使之变成“地方五千里”的东方大国。在此期间,楚国疆域变化巨大,楚人与周边族群的交流融合也历来受学界关注。通过梳理学术界有关楚疆西拓的重要研究成果,探讨不同族群之间的矛盾与分化,以及楚文化和西部地域文化之间交融互摄的状貌。楚国西疆范围广阔,为便于论述,根据自然与人文双重地理因素将其分为五个区,自北向南依次为陕东南地区、鄂西地区、川渝东部地区、湘西地区和云贵东部地区。楚国疆域的西扩和楚文化的西渐无疑也为其西土的发展提供了契机。

Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Yunnan,Tibetan,and Xinjiang Wheat Using SSR Markers

A total of 206 SSR （Simple Sequence Repeats） primer pairs were used to detect genetic diversity in 52 accessions of three unique wheat varieties of western China. A total of 488, 472, and 308 allelic variants were detected in 31 Yunnan, 15 Tibetan and 6 Xinjiang wheat accessions with an average of PIC values 0.2764, 0.3082, and 0.1944, respectively. Substantial differences in allelic polymorphisms were detected by SSR markers in all the 21 chromosomes, the 7 homoeologous groups, and the three genomes （A, B, and D） in Yunnan, Tibetan, and Xinjiang wheat. The highest and lowest allelic polymorphisms in all the 21 chromosomes were observed in 3B and 1D chromosomes, respectively. The lowest and highest allelic polymorphisms among the seven homoeologous groups was observed in 6 and 3 homoeologous groups, respectively. Among the three genomes, B genome showed the highest, A the intermediate, and D the lowest allelic polymorphism. The genetic distance （GD） indexes within Yunnan, Tibetan, and Xinjiang wheat, and between different wheat types were calculated. The GD value was found to be much higher within Yunnan and Tibetan wheat than within Xinjiang wheat, but the GD value between Yunnan and Tibetan wheat was lower than those between Yunnan and Xinjiang wheat, and between Tibetan and Xinjiang wheat. The cluster analysis indicated a closer relationship between Yunnan and Tibetan wheat than that between Yunnan and Xinjiang wheat or between Tibetan and Xinjiang wheat.

史昭事辑

史昭,在西北"为边最久,有功可称者",总领一方行政与军事35年,保塞抚番,维护西陲安宁,并注重这一地区经济文化的发展,其施政政策多有首创,为明初西北地区开发做出了重大贡献。

史昭事辑

史昭总领一方行政与军事三十五年,保塞抚番,维护西陲安宁,并注重这一地区经济文化的发展,其施政政策多有首创,为明初西北地区开发作出了重大贡献。

Genetic Diversity of Gli-1,Gli-2 and Glu-1 Alleles Among Chinese Endemic Wheats

Genetic diversity at Gli_1, Gli_2 and Glu_1 loci was investigated in 32 accessions of Chinese endemic wheat by using acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (APAGE) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)_PAGE. There were 8 gliadin and 3 high_molecular_weight (HMW)_glutenin patterns in 14 Yunnan hulled wheat ( Triticum aestivum ssp. yunnanese King) accessions, 9 gliadin and 4 HMW_glutenin patterns in 9 Tibetan weedrace ( T. aestivum ssp. tibetanum Shao ) accessions, and 9 gliadin and 5 HMW_glutenin patterns in 9 Xinjiang rice wheat ( T. petropavlovskyi Udacz. et Migusch.) accessions. One accession (i.e. Daomai 2) carried new subunits 2.1+10.1 encoded by Glu_D1. Among the three Chinese endemic wheat groups, a total of 10, 14 and 11 alleles at Gli_1 locus; 11, 14 and 12 alleles at Gli_2 locus; and 5, 6 and 8 alleles at Glu_1 locus were identified, respectively. Among Yunnan hulled wheat, Tibetan weedrace and Xinjiang rice wheat, the Nei's genetic variation indexes were 0.3798, 0.5625 and 0.5693, respectively. These results suggested that Tibetan weedrace and Xinjiang rice wheat had higher genetic diversity than Yunnan hulled wheat.

Spatial Variability of Soil Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio and Its Driving Factors in Ili River Valley,Xinjiang,Northwest China

Soil carbon to nitrogen(C/N) ratio is one of the most important variables reflecting soil quality and ecological function,and an indicator for assessing carbon and nitrogen nutrition balance of soils.Its variation reflects the carbon and nitrogen cycling of soils.In order to explore the spatial variability of soil C/N ratio and its controlling factors of the Ili River valley in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Northwest China,the traditional statistical methods,including correlation analysis,geostatistic alanalys and multiple regression analysis were used.The statistical results showed that the soil C/N ratio varied from 7.00 to 23.11,with a mean value of 10.92,and the coefficient of variation was 31.3%.Correlation analysis showed that longitude,altitude,precipitation,soil water,organic carbon,and total nitrogen were positively correlated with the soil C/N ratio(P < 0.01),whereas negative correlations were found between the soil C/N ratio and latitude,temperature,soil bulk density and soil p H.Ordinary Cokriging interpolation showed that r and ME were 0.73 and 0.57,respectively,indicating that the prediction accuracy was high.The spatial autocorrelation of the soil C/N ratio was 6.4 km,and the nugget effect of the soil C/N ratio was 10% with a patchy distribution,in which the area with high value(12.00–20.41) accounted for 22.6% of the total area.Land uses changed the soil C/N ratio with the order of cultivated land > grass land > forest land > garden.Multiple regression analysis showed that geographical and climatic factors,and soil physical and chemical properties could independently explain 26.8%and 55.4% of the spatial features of soil C/N ratio,while human activities could independently explain 5.4% of the spatial features only.The spatial distribution of soil C/N ratio in the study has important reference value for managing soil carbon and nitrogen,and for improving ecological function to similar regions.

Sediment record of environmental change at Lake Lop Nur (Xinjiang, NW China) from 13.0 to 5.6 cal ka BP

Lake Lop Nur is located in the eastern part of the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang,northwestern China.A 220-cm-long sediment core was collected from the center of the ear-shaped depression forming the basin and dated with AMS^(14)C.Grain size,total organic matter(TOC),total nitrogen(TN),and TOC/TN(C/N)analyses were used to reconstruct climatic conditions from 13.0 to 5.6 cal ka BP.The results showed fi ve main climatic stages.Zone I(13.0–11.3 cal ka BP)was a wet–dry environment,whereas Zone II(11.3–8.9 cal ka BP)consisted of a primarily wet environment.Zone III(8.9–7.7 cal ka BP)was subdivided into Zone IIIa(8.9–8.2 cal ka BP)that indicated lake constriction and dry climate,and Zone IIIb(8.2–7.7 cal ka BP)in which the proxies indicated wet conditions.In Zone IV(7.7–6.6 cal ka BP),the climate presented a bit wet conditions.In Zone V(6.6–5.6 cal ka BP),abundant glauberite is present in the sediment and silt dominates the lithology;these results indicate the lake shrank and the overall climate was dry.Abrupt environmental events were also identifi ed,including six dry events at 11.0,10.5,9.3,8.6,8.2,and 7.6 cal ka BP and one fl ood event from 7.8 to 7.7 cal ka BP in the Early–Middle Holocene.

A Brief Introduction to the Seismotectonic Map of Xinjiang and Its Neighborhood

This paper briefly introduces the Seismotectonic Map of Xinjiang and its neighborhood in the scale of 1∶2500000.The map is amended,supplemented and expanded based of the newly compiled Seismotectonic Map of Xinjiang in scale 1∶1000000.The base map of this seismotectonic map is the geologic map of western China and its neighborhood compiled by Li Tingdong.The abundant new materials from related research,referential literatures and the analyses on remote sensing data were used in the compiling work.A database and relevant documents are built for nearly 300 active faults and 150 active folds.The basic information of the major active faults,especially those near the border areas in this map are introduced in this paper.

An Empirical Study of Urban and Rural Integration Construction Development of Western Region in China --Taking Changji City of Xinjiang Autonomous Region as an Example

The urban and rural integration is a new stage of city development, which is a process of urban and rural mutual supplementary integration, collaborative development and mutual prosperity. It takes the industry and agriculture, city and countryside as a whole, with overall planning and coordination development, through system innovation and policy adjustment, in order to realize the integration development of urban and rural planning construction, industrial development, infrastructure, ecological environment and social career. This paper conducts the empirical analysis on the urban and rural integration construction development of Changji City of Changji Region in Xinjiang, studying the existing problems and restrictive factors of the process in promoting urban and rural integration construction in western region of China and trying to propose the corresponding countermeasures.

Field Geological Exploration of the Ashikule Volcano Group in Western Kunlun Mountains

From May 4 to May 30, 2011, a field exploration of the Ashikule basin in the Western Kunlun Mountains area was conducted by a research team from the Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration and Earthquake Administration of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. This work is financially supported by the special fund for China earthquake research project "The Comprehensive Scientific Exploration of the MS7.3 Yutian Earthquake in 2008 and the Ashikule Volcano Group". Through detailed field survey on geological and geomorphological features of the Ashikule volcano group, which is one of the highest altitude volcanic plateaus (about 5000m) in the world, we have determined the total number of volcanoes, the eruption type and structural parameters, and approximate active history of the volcano group. Our studies have provided field evidence for resolving past controversies such as the authenticity of the news report about the eruption event on May 27, 1951, the eruption pattern of the Daheishan volcano, and the reality of the Gaotaishan volcano.

Holocene vegetational and climatic variation in westerly-dominated areas of Central Asia inferred from the Sayram Lake in northern Xinjiang,China

Changes in the vegetation and climate of the westerly-dominated areas in Central Asia during the Holocene were interpreted using pollen-assemblages and charcoal data from a 300-cm-long sediment core of the Sayram Lake,northern Xinjiang.Accele-rator Mass Spectrometry(AMS) radiocarbon dating methods were applied to bulk organic matter of the samples.Artemisia spp./Chenopodiaceae ratios and results from principal component analysis were used to infer that the lake basin was dominated by desert vegetation before ca.9.6 cal.ka BP,which suggests a warm and dry climate in the early Holocene.Desert steppe/steppe expanded during 9.6-5.5 cal.ka BP,indicating a remarkable increase both in the precipitation and temperature during the mid-Holocene.Desert vegetation dominated between 6.5 and 5.5 cal.ka BP,marking an extreme warmer and drier interval.The steppe/meadow steppe recovered,and temperatures decreased from 5.5 cal.ka BP in the late Holocene,as indicated by the increased abundance of Artemisia and the development of meadows.Holocene temperatures and moisture variations in the Sayram Lake areas were similar to those of adjacent areas.This consistency implies that solar radiation was the main driving factor for regional temperature changes,and that the effect of temperature variations was significant on regional changes in humidity.The evolution of climate and environment in the Sayram Lake areas,which were characterized as dry in the early Holocene and relatively humid in the middle-late Holocene,are clearly different from those in monsoonal areas.Dry conditions in the early Holocene in the Sayram Lake areas were closely related to decreased water vapor advection.These conditions were a result of reduced westerly wind speeds and less evaporation upstream,which in turn were caused by seasonal changes in solar radiation superimposed by strong evaporation following warming and drying local climate.

Variability of Soil Salinity at Multiple Spatio-Temporal Scales and the Related Driving Factors in the Oasis Areas of Xinjiang,China

Located in the inland arid area of central Asia, salt-affected farmlands take up one third of the total irrigated land area in Xinjiang of Northwest China. Spatio-temporal variability of soil salinity and the underlying mechanism are fundamental problems challenging the sustainability of oasis agriculture in China. In this study, the data of total dissolved solids(TDS) measured for soil samples collected from 27 representative study areas in the oasis areas of Xinjiang were analyzed and the coefficient of variation(CV) and stratification ratio(SR) of TDS were used to describe the lateral and vertical soil salinity variations, respectively. Weekly, monthly,and annual changes in soil salinity were also summarized. Results showed that the top(0–20 cm) soil salinity was highly variable(CV> 75%) for most studied areas. Lateral variation of soil salinity was significantly correlated with the sampling interval; as a result, a maximum sampling interval of 0.9 m was found for reducing evaluation uncertainty. The top 0–20 cm soil salt accounted for about25.2% of the total salt in the 0–100 cm soil profile. The stratification ratio values(the ratio of TDS at the 20–40 cm depth to that at the 0–20 cm depth) were mostly smaller than 1 and on average 0.92, illustrating that the top 0–20 cm soil contained slightly more salt and a considerable amount of salt still existed in subsurface and deep horizons. Irrigation reduced top soil salinity by 0.52 g kg-1, or14.6%, within the first week. On average, the relative range of soil salinity, calculated to indicate monthly changes in soil salinity, was58.2% from May to September. A 27-year experiment indicated that cultivation increased soil salinity by 44.4% at a rate of 0.14 g kg-1year-1. At small spatio-temporal scales, soil salinity variation was mainly affected by anthropogenic factors, such as irrigation and land use. However, natural factors, including groundwater, topography, and climate conditions, mainly influenced soil salinity variation at large spatio-temporal scales. This study displayed the highly variable nature of soil salinity in space and time. Those driving factors identified in this study could provide guidelines for developing sustainable agriculture in the oasis areas and combating salinization in arid regions of China.