集体的记忆——记清华大学西阶教室改造与重建设计

本文以清华大学西阶教室的改造与重建设计为例,对城市设计中保护与更新的关系进行探讨,认为维护集体记忆是其中的关键所在。

《仪礼》乐制初探

《晏子春秋》曰:“乐亡而礼从亡,礼亡而政从亡。”“治世之音安以乐,其政和。乱世之音怨以怒,其政乖。亡国之音哀以思,其民困。”音乐关系着政权之存亡,社稷之安危。人们“审乐以知政”,通过乐来了解国政,了解国民的精神面貌和社会风尚。究其本源,音乐不仅粉饰装璜着统治者的礼制,更主要的是音乐负载着亲疏贵贱长幼男女的宗法等级制。本文的目的也即通过《仪礼》中有关乐制的论述来说明周朝音乐与其宗法制度的某种联系。

商周的“烛” 秦汉的“镫”

商周时,古人没有点燃膏脂的灯具,至今,不论是传世品,还是田野考古发掘出土,都从未发现过那时的灯具.……

“左”与“右”在古汉语中的不同用法

“左”与“右”在古汉语中是两个使用频率较高、用法又比较灵活的词。随着应用场合的不同,其涵义也不同。“左”与“右”的本义,据汉代许慎《说文解字》说:“左,手相左助也”。 “右,手口相助也”。可见,它们都有“相助”,“辅佐”之意。然而,纵观古今文章,我们发现,它们和现代汉语的“左”与“右”既有相同的一面,也有不同的一面。追溯根源,这与古人习惯有关。为此,本文试图对此作一粗浅的探索。

Asymmetric Response of the South China Sea SST to El Nio and La Nia

The interannual variability of the sea surface temperature （SST） in the South China Sea （SCS） is investigated according to its relationship with E1 Nifio/La Nifia （EN/LN） using monthly products from ICOADS. The SCS SST bears two peaks associated with EN/LN and shows the asymmetric features. Coinciding with the mature phase of EN/LN, the first SST warming/cooling peaks in December（0）-February（1） （DJF（1）） and centers in the southern part. The major difference is in the amplitude associated with the strength of EN/LN. However, the SCS SST anomaly shows distinct difference after the mature phase of EN/LN. The EN SST warm- ing develops a mid-summer peak in June-August（1） （JJA（1）） and persists up to September-October（l）, with the same amplitude of the first warming peak. Whereas the LN SST cooling peaks in May（l）, it decays slowly until the end of the year, with amplitude much weaker. Comparing with SST and atmospheric circulations, the weak response and early termination of the second cooling is due to the failure of the cyclonic wind anomalies to develop in the northwest Pacific during JJA（1）.

A Fourth-Order Modified Method for the Cauchy Problem of the Modified Helmholtz Equation

This paper is concerned with the Cauchy problem for the modified Helmholtz equation in an infinite strip domain 0<x≤1,y∈R.The Cauchy data at x = 0 is given and the solution is then sought for the interval 0<x≤1.This problem is highly ill-posed and the solution(if it exists) does not depend continuously on the given data. In this paper,we propose a fourth-order modified method to solve the Cauchy problem. Convergence estimates are presented under the suitable choices of regularization parameters and the a priori assumption on the bounds of the exact solution.Numerical implementation is considered and the numerical examples show that our proposed method is effective and stable.

Symmetry Reductions of Cauchy Problems for Fourth-Order Quasi-Linear Parabolic Equations

This paper is devoted to studying symmetry reduction of Cauchy problems for the fourth-order quasi-linear parabolic equations that admit certain generalized conditional symmetries （GCSs）. Complete group classification results are presented, and some examples are given to show the main reduction procedure.

Thermodynamics of Third Order Lovelock Anti-de Sitter Black Holes Revisited

We compute the mass and temperature of third order Lovelock black holes with negative Gauss-Bonnet coefficient a2 〈 0 in anti-de Sitter space and perform the stability analysis of topological black holes. When k = -1, the third order Lovelock black holes are thermodynamically stable for the whole range r＋. When k = 1, we found that the black hole has an intermediate unstable phase for D = 7. In eight dimensional spacetimes, however, a new phase of thermodynamically unstable small black holes appears if the coefficient a is under a critical value. For D ≥ 9, black holes have similar the distributions of thermodynamically stable regions to the case where the coefficient ＆ is under a critical value for D = 8. It is worth to mention that all the thermodynamic and conserved quantities of the black holes with fiat horizon do not depend on the Loveloek coefficients and are the same as those of black holes in general gravity.

Entropy Correction for Cosmological Horizon of Schwarzschild-de Sitter Black Holes

In this paper, we first calculate the emission rate of the massive particles＇ de Sitter tunneling across the cosmological horizon of Schwarzschild-de Sitter black holes to the second order accuracy. Then, by assuming the emission process satisfies an underlying unitary theory, we have obtained the corrected entropy for cosmological horizon. Finally, a discussion about the de Sitter tunneling is presented.

Analysis of one-dimensional rheological consolidation of double-layered soil with fractional derivative Merchant model and non-Darcian flow described by non-Newtonian index

To further investigate the one-dimensional(1D)rheological consolidation mechanism of double-layered soil,the fractional derivative Merchant model(FDMM)and the non-Darcian flow model with the non-Newtonian index are respectively introduced to describe the deformation of viscoelastic soil and the flow of pore water in the process of consolidation.Accordingly,an 1D rheological consolidation equation of double-layered soil is obtained,and its numerical analysis is performed by the implicit finite difference method.In order to verify its validity,the numerical solutions by the present method for some simplified cases are compared with the results in the related literature.Then,the influence of the revelent parameters on the rheological consolidation of double-layered soil are investigated.Numerical results indicate that the parameters of non-Darcian flow and FDMM of the first soil layer greatly influence the consolidation rate of double-layered soil.As the decrease of relative compressibility or the increase of relative permeability between the lower soil and the upper soil,the dissipation rate of excess pore water pressure and the settlement rate of the ground will be accelerated.Increasing the relative thickness of soil layer with high permeability or low compressibility will also accelerate the consolidation rate of double-layered soil.

Spatial pattern analysis and associations of different growth stages of populations of Abies georgei var.smithii in Southeast Tibet,China

Abies georgei var.smithii is an important plant species in Southeast Tibet,China.It has high ecological value in terms of biodiversity protection,as well as soil and water conservation.We analyzed the spatial pattern and associations of A.georgei var.smithii populations at different growth stages by using Ripley's L function for point pattern analysis.The diameter structure was a nearly reverse 'J' shape.The amount of saplings and medium-sized trees accounts for a large part of the entire population,suggesting a high regeneration rate and an expanding population.In the transition from saplings to medium trees or to large trees,saplings show a significant aggregation distribution at small scales,while medium trees and large trees show a random distribution.There are significant inverse associations between saplings and medium trees and large trees at small scales,while there are no obvious associations between medium trees and large trees.The natural regeneration was affected by interspecific competition,and it was also affected by intraspecific competition.The joint effects of biological characteristics and environmental factors contribute to the spatial distribution pattern and associations of this A.georgei var.sm ithii population.

On the Differences of Early Utopian Visions Between China and Western Society

Utopian visions between China and Western society differed in their early stage. Words reflecting early Chinese utopian visions scattered in many ancient classics. Most of them were general depiction of an ideal society featured with equality, sympathy, preference for community autonomy and the social order ＂the whole world as one community＂. Early Western society witnessed many utopian monographs. Most of them offered detailed construction of social frame with emphasis on social function division, request for ideal authority, and property co-ownership as core of an ideal society.

Transatlantic Cooperation During the Second World War： The First Stages of Economic Cooperation During the ＂Phoney War＂

During the Second world war, the Franco-British cooperation included the organization of purchasing missions for airnautical material in the States. On 25 november 1939, a Franco-British agreement was set up to organize two purchasing missions in the United States under the control of a ＂Liaison Committee＂ supervised by the Treasury Secretary, Henry Morgenthau. Edouard Daladier, French Chief of Government, sent Ren6 Pleven to establish contacts with General Arnold （AirCorps）. The Franco-British financial contribution facilitated a main spurt in investments which help modernize the American products apparatus. First contacts were established on April 1940, to be delivered in September. While France had not be able to benefit from significant part of these orders, Great Britain would take over some units that were originally allocated to France. These contracts would later facilitate the development of transatlantic cooperation.

An Estimation of the Diet of the Species Serranus Scriba （Linnaeus, 1758） in the Area of Nisiopi, in South-West Lesvos

The current study examines the diet of Serranus scriba （Osteichtyes of the family Serranidae）. This species of fish was collected using gillnets at the sea near the village of Sigri which is located in the South-West side of the island of Lesvos. Based on the results, Serranus scriba is characterized as carnivorous with a preference in Decapods. Also, the GSI （Gonado Somatic Index）, HSI （Hepato Somatic Index） and CF （Condition Factor） index were calculated, with the estimation of numbers of females and males and separation of mature stages using the scale Nikolsky. Majority of the individuals of this species are females with a ratio of 88% versus male with 12%. And based on the calculation of indicators they are characterized quite mature, with good percentage of stored energy and good condition of healthiness. Moreover, it is concluded, based on the above analysis, in the area there was plenty of food for the individuals of this species in their breeding season （April-August breeding season）.

Historicity of Texts and Textuality of History On The Virginian From the Perspective of New Historicism

The Virginian： A Horseman of the Plains （1902） has been considered as one of the masterpieces of American western novels for its successful depiction of cowboys and local customs, which earns Owen Wister the Father of Western fiction. The paper aims to reveal the relationship between The Virginian and its historical context by applying the doctrines of New Historicism： historicity of texts and textuality of history. By historicity of texts, it points out that the work is the emblem of disappearance of western frontier, and it symbolizes the union of the Wild West and the civilized east. By textuality of history, it detects the change of social class, the development of livestock industry and railway, and their influence on the work at the later part of 19th century.

Consumption and Culture： Understanding the Shaping of the New Brazilian Middle Class

In a recent historical process of economic stabilization and of social policies focused on the disadvantaged, major changes in the composition of the Brazilian social pyramid are happening. Driven by the increase of employment and income, in conditions of low inflation and abundant credit, millions of Brazilians have increased in recent years their purchasing power and started to acquire their own home and car--gaudiest symbols of joining the middle class--as well as a wide range of consumer goods. It appears that this set of transformations profoundly altered the perceptions and strategies of social mobility. So this phenomenon is being called the shaping of the new Brazilian middle class. The fact is that there is a group growing, sustained mainly by a decrease in income inequality. In this study, we attempted to draw a clear overview and some disagreements about the emergence of a new Brazilian middle class. On the topic of the emergence of a new Brazilian middle class, one can say that it is not a completely true fact, and that there was actually an expansion of the income of families who still harbor extreme ties with the working classes and why not, popular classes. What to some scholars would be the emergence of a new working class, whose average income is approaching the middle income of what is considered as the lower middle class？

炉桥方氏三代著作述略

一、"登歌"释义"登歌"又名"登哥"、"登謌",古代"登"、"升"通用,故"登歌"又曰"升歌",是中国古代社会一种比较重要的礼乐文化现象,大约起源于周朝宗庙祭祀礼,亦用于乡饮酒礼、大射礼等,是这些活动一个十分重要的组成部分,也是历代朝廷祀典、朝会宴飨等仪式一个非常重要的环节。"登歌"最早见于记载周朝礼仪的《周礼》、《仪礼》、《礼记》之中,以下是"三礼"中"登歌"和"升歌"的使用情况:《周礼》"登歌"出现两次,"升歌"无;《仪礼》"登歌"无,"升歌"出现十次;《礼记》"登歌"出现两次,"升歌"出现十二次。如:《周礼·春官·大师》:"大祭祀,帅瞽登歌,令奏击拊。""大祭祀,登歌击拊,下管击应鼓。"①《仪礼·乡饮酒礼》:"乐正先升,立于西阶东。工人,升自西阶,北面坐。相者东面坐,遂授瑟乃降。工歌《鹿鸣》、《四牧》、《皇皇者华》。"

LOCAL C-COSINE FAMILY THEORY AND APPLICATION

This paper introduces the concept of local C-cosine family and inverstigate its basic properties. In particular,a characterization of the complete infinitesimal generator of a local C-cosinefacely is obtained.As an application of this theory to the second order abstract Cauchy problems,a characterization of the local C-well-posedness of these problems is given in terms of thelocal C-cosine family theory.

Some identities of Bell polynomials

We investigate Bell polynomials, also called Touchard polynomials or exponential polynomials, by using and without using umbral calculus. We use three different formulas in order to express various known families of polynomials such as Bernoulli polynomials, poly-Bernoulli polynomials, Cauchy polynomials and falling factorials in terms of Bell polynomials and vice versa. In addition, we derive several properties of Bell polynomials along the way.

Evolution of terraces Ⅰ–Ⅲ along the Anning River, western Sichuan, based on pollen records and terrace structure

This study reconstructs the long-term evolution of river terraces over large spatial scales along the Anning River, western Sichuan, and identifies external factors controlling terrace formation. Pollen record analysis and terrace structure indicate that formation of the middle section of terraces I-III resulted from the interaction of changing climates and uplift of the margins of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The relative influence of climate and uplift in terrace formation changes in different periods. The terraces reveal multiple, gradual uplift events on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which is of great significance for determining uplift mechanisms across the entire plateau.