China’s Manufacturing Outlook towards 2035

Over the past seven decades since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,China has emerged as the factory floor of the world.Manufacturing prowess has undergirded China’s industrial growth,competitiveness,and leading-nation status.The Fifth Plenum of the 19th CPC Central Committee vowed to“basically complete newtype industrialization,ICT revolution,urbanization,and agricultural modernization and build a modern economic system by 2035.”To achieve this goal,China must steadfastly advance supply-side structural reforms,strengthen the real economy,develop advanced manufacturing,and upgrade traditional industries.China must create a stable and competitive supply chain and enhance the dynamism of market entities.At the heart of these priorities lies innovation.In conclusion,this paper puts forth policy recommendations on China’s manufacturing strength and competitiveness towards 2035.Specifically,China should leverage its market heft and“whole-nation”strength to push forward industrial transition,deepen market-based factor allocation reforms,encourage entrepreneurship,and embrace international cooperation and competition.

Aerospace

China Council for the Promotion of International Trade Aerospace Sub-council,established in 1994, is the sub-council of CCPIT in aerospace industry, and operates under the direct leadership and man- agement of China Aerospace Science & Industry

The Contribution of Marketization to China＇s Economic Growth

Market-oriented economic transition since 1978 has led to remarkable economic development in China. In this study, we use the National Economic Research Institute （NERI） Index of Marketization and a panel data model to investigate the quantitative contributions of marketization to China＇s total factor productivity （TFP） and economic growth. Our results indicate that marketization contributed 1.45 percentage points on average to China＇s annual economic growth rate during the period from 1997 to 2007 and accounted for 39.2 percent of the increase in TFP. Marketization significantly improved resource allocation. However, economic transition in China has not yet been completed and sustainability of future growth will depend on further market-oriented reforms.

Spatial-temporal Evolution Pattern of Agricultural Productivity in Northwestern Sichuan Plateau

Currently, the agricultural growth in developed countries mainly relies on the improvement of productivity, which is also the target for China. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to describe the spatial-temporal evolution pattern of agricultural productivity, to reveal changes in total factor productivity in 2ooo-2olo, and analyze the impact of these changes in northwestern Sichuan plateau, China. Using data envelopment analysis （DEA） and the Malmquist Index, an in-depth study was conducted on agricultural productivity and changes in total factor productivity of 31 counties in northwestern Sichuan plateau. Results indicated that： （1） geographically, counties with optimal efficiency were mainly located in the north of northwestern Sichuan plateau and those with the lowest efficiency, in the south; （2） relative to pure technical efficiency, scale efficiency was the dominant factor in determining agricultural productivity; （3） the redundancy rate of input factors in zolo was slightly lower than that in zooo, thereby indicating an improved utilization of input factors to a certain extent and a great potential for further improving such utilization; （4） during the 2ooo-2olo period, the agricultural total factor productivity had an average annual growth rate of 8.3%, but the growth rates in various regions differed widely; （5） technical progress was the dominant factor promoting the improvement of total factor oroductivitv inagriculture. The disparities in spatial distribution may be due to the differences of natural conditions, former level agricultural productivity between counties. The findings are valuable for the government to make sustainable development policies for agriculture and improving agricultural development in northwestern Sichuan plateau.

An Innovative City： Impact of Innovations on City Development

The process of innovative development is stimulated by cities as centers of accumulated （regional） growth and innovative enterprises as elements of urban space. Cities stimulate innovations by creating a specific demand for innovations and innovative products as well as specific incentives such as preferable conditions for creation, accumulation, usage, and exchange of knowledge and information. Diffusion of ideas has an impact on changes in environment resulting in increase in dynamics of innovation, which means possibilities of innovative development for local firms. The paper highlights the idea of an innovative city with respect to the impact of innovations on city development. The concept of an innovative city is not clearly defined because the interpretation of innovation is differentiated and ambiguous except for common denominator of the novelty. The paper underlines the role of city＇s environment for innovations＇ creation acting as an incubator for clusters of firms, particularly those engaged in the process of high-tech involvement （technology parks）. The option of an innovative city approach presented here is the author＇s view on an innovative city＇s growth and it is based on the role of synergic interaction between innovative firms as elements of a city space and an innovative city itself.

书法展览——爱你不容易

关于书法展览的文章,近几年公开发表的已经不少,其中多数文章见地深刻。在一个被展览的时代,任何书法人都无法回避展览。中国古代虽未有今天意义上的展览,。但书法作品要展而览之则是一条一成不变的准则。

Analyzing Environmental Stress Counter-measures in Agricultural Heritage Sites in China

In recent years, with climate change, many agricultural systems are facing severe environmental stress, which are seriously threatening the food security and sustainable development of agricultural system. Although mainstream agro-system can effectively reduce the adverse agro-production effect rapidly by using modern technology, but many of them bring serious ecological crisis at the same time. For the sustainable development of agro-systems, the stress mitigation options must give full consideration to ecological protection. The Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems （GIAHS） sites, relying on its unique land use, water conservancy facilities, traditional crops, etc., form unique production system creating a better match with local natural conditions. Based on disaster mitigation system theory and practice, this paper analyzes environmental stress counter-measures of several GIAHS sites in China. The water requirement of milet, a drought-tolerant crop in Aohan Dryland Farming System （recognized as a GIAHS pilot site in 2012）, has a better match with local water conditions. By reducing vulnerability of crops, agriculture survived healthily in semi-arid regions. Honghe Hani Rice Terraces System （recognized as a GIAHS pilot site in 2010）, relying on the unique land and water use patterns, has successfully reshape disaster inducing environment, and effectively reduce the risk/effects of droughts. Besides, due to the high price, rich crop diversity and variety of income channel, the Agricultural Heritage sites can ensure the economic income and agro-system health when facing environmental stress. Stress counter-measures of traditional agricultural systems make full use of the regulation and spontaneity ability of the natural system, which is an important way to achieve sustainable development of ecological agriculture.

The Role of Multi-functionality of Agriculture in Sustainable Tourism Development in Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) Sites in China

Population growth,loss of biodiversity,and climate change necessitate a new vision for the future of both agriculture and biodiversity.In order to safeguard and support the world＇s agricultural heritage systems,in 2002 the FAO started an initiative for the conservation and adaptive management called Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems （GIAHS）.Tourism is suggested as part of the future as it is considered to be an alternative income source that will not only promote local economic development,but also provide the opportunity for tourists to learn about agriculture and ecology.However,inappropriate tourism in GIAHS sites will bring impacts on local culture and living styles,which not only threatens tourism＇s sustainable development,but also has the potential to damage these unique agricultural systems.This paper proposes that agriculture-based tourism is suitable for GIAHS and that Multi-functionality of Agriculture （MFA） can be the link between agriculture and tourism.This study constructs the framework for tourism development in GIAHS through MFA and applies it to the four GIAHS sites in China.Referring to the quantitative assessment for MFA and a qualitative analysis of the relationship between agriculture and tourism,we can give advice on agricultural tourism development in GIAHS sites.This framework also offers a universal methodology that allows stakeholders to communicate about the multiple functions of GIAHS across scales.

Evaluation of Smart Low-carbon Development in Major Chinese Cities

This study chose major Chinese cities and used the creative model of Smart Low-carbon Strength Quo- tient （SLSQ） to investigate the level and state of urban smart low-carbon development. The results show that： （1） three main categories of smart low-carbon cities are found; namely, leaders with high SLSQ, steady ones with av- erage SLSQ and lagging ones with low SLSQ; （2） the SLSQ level shows a spatial change trend of diminishing from the southeast to the northwest and differing within regions; （3） the SLSQ level indicates an urban scale change trend of decreasing from the big to the small and differing within each scale; （4） the SLSQ level suggests an ad- ministrative hierarchy change trend of descending from the high to the low and differing within each class; （5） based on the SLSQ, three dynamic patterns were identified： leading mode, steady mode and preparing mode, among which the steady mode accounts for the vast majority of smart low-carbon development in major Chinese cities.

A New Understanding of the Information Civilization “Key” to “Development”

The exploration of information civilization provides a new key to a new understanding of contemporary development.As a higher level of civilization based on material energy,information civilization represents the information development of human civilization,involving development from material energy to information,development of resources from individual portions to joint sharing,development of the relationship between humans and resources from ownership to use,and the development of humanity itself and its activities from material energy to information.The unfolding of information in human civilization presents the development of information civilization as a mode of human existence,as information ecology and as a dynamic mechanism of social development.Information civilization highlights the profound significance of the fact that in the final analysis,development is human development;the inherent mechanics of human development proceeding from external conditions to internal needs;and the basic manner in which social development proceeds from quantitative increases to qualitative progress.As a result,contemporary development presents a two-way cycle of accelerating human development and social progress,in which human development increasingly takes precedence;the renewal of the drivers of development and the development of human needs are more and more directly related;and the overall level of social progress becomes the key to development.In the course of leading the rise of information civilization,China not only has unique advantages,but also faces the key task of liberating creativity.

基于智力城镇化的特色小镇产业培育探索——以辽宁通远堡镇为例

我国城镇化正处于劣势的体力城镇化阶段,特色小镇作为新型城镇化的主力军,体力化威胁仍不可避免。为缓解特色小镇体力化困境,文章基于智力城镇化的相关理论,以辽宁通远堡镇为例,围绕特色产业展开智力化培育的探索。结合链式产业思维,以智力投入、智力主体、智力产出三大环节为基础,以智力要素创新性地打造智力链条,构建可持续的特色产业,带动城镇化转型升级,以期为辽宁省乃至全国特色小镇培育提供借鉴。