覆盖耕作对岭南旱作大豆土壤水热及产量的影响

为探讨旱作条件下不同耕作覆盖措施对大豆的增产机制及其对土壤水热环境的影响,在试验区设传统耕作(T)、免耕(NT)、传统耕作加秸秆覆盖(TS)、传统耕作加覆盖地膜(TP)4个处理进行研究,结果表明:整个生育期内,较T处理而言TP处理具有土壤增温效果,而NT和TS处理则表现出不同程度的土壤降温效果,NT处理保墒效果不明显。TP处理前期增温保墒,后期降温抑蒸,这有利于改善土壤水热环境,符合大豆生长发育对环境的需求。不同措施下大豆产量由高到低为TP>TS>NT>T,TP、TS、NT处理比T处理产量分别高出249.9、548.85、760.5kg/hm^2,以TP处理增产幅度最高,各处理大豆增产率在9.02%~27.45%。土壤温度与产量的相关性表现为TP>TS>NT>T,且TP处理下土壤温度和产量呈显著相关,说明土壤温度会对产量造成影响,且主要是以TP处理影响最大。

不同耕作覆盖措施下延收对春玉米产量及籽粒品质的影响

选用5种耕作覆盖方式和7个采收时期研究延收对籽粒产量、千粒重、籽粒蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉含量及其对应的产出量的影响，为玉米获得高产优质提供依据。结果表明：适时延收可使玉米产量及主要营养成分产出量明显增加，延收15 d ，产量增幅为10．19％～15．62％，千粒重增幅为14．70％～20．39％；籽粒蛋白质含量增加0．26％～1．29％，产出量增加117～230 kg·hm^-2；脂肪含量增加0．05％～0．40％，产出量增加54～78 kg·hm^-2；淀粉含量虽然降低0．5％～4．9％，但产出量仍然增加340～773 kg·hm^-2。黄土高原地区春玉米延收15 d具有明显的增产和提高籽粒品质产量的效果，但增幅因耕作和覆盖方式不同而存在差异。

Effects of Different Tillage and Mulching Modes on Tobacco Output Value and Soil Quality

Based on three years of long-term fixed-site field trial, the effects of differ- ent tillage and mulching modes on the yield and output value of tobacco and soil quality were investigated. The results showed that the yield and output value of to- bacco in tillage treatment were improved by 22.72 % and 37.23 % compared with non-tillage treatment, respectively; the yield and output value of tobacco in rotation treatment were improved by 1.83% and 19.41% compared with continuous cropping treatment, respectively; the yield and output value of tobacco in straw mulching treatment were improved by 3.55% and 2.4% compared with non-straw mulching treatment, respectively, which indicated that tillage, rotation and straw mulching could improve the yield and output value of tobacco to a certain extent; especially, the yield and output value of tobacco increased significantly after plowing under rotation conditions. The contents of available phosphorus （AP）, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen （AN）, organic matter （OM）, total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） in non- tillage treatment were 35.14%, 9.92%, 9.57%, 4.40% and 34.16% higher compared with tillage treatment; especially, under non-tillage conditions, soil pH and contents of available potassium （AK）, AP, AN,OM,TN,TP and total potassium （TK） in continu- ous cropping field were 2.01%, 48.68%, 73.09%, 11.45%, 7.71%, 7.31%, 47.68% and 11.78% higher compared with rotation field, indicating that non-tillage treatment and continuous cropping could improve the total content and available content of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus. Therefore, from the perspective of soil fer- tility improvement and sustainable tobacco production, continuous cropping under non-tillage conditions might be the most appropriate cropping pattern for local soil fertility improvement; aiming at improving the yield and output value of tobacco, green manure-tobacco→, green manure/wheat/maize→green manure-tobacco ro- tation might be the most appropriate cropping pattern.