基于绝缘油荧光特性的套管油位观察辅助方法

油纸电容式套管是目前66 kV及以上电压等级电网中使用最广泛的变压器套管,其内部绝缘油的油位高低关乎变压器的运行是否安全、可靠,但目前用的套管油位观察方法都存在使用复杂、判别不准等问题。因此,文章提出一种基于绝缘油荧光特性的套管油位观察辅助方法,具体包括用自清洁涂料保持油位镜面清洁、逆反射标志辅助判断,以及最重要的紫外光源照射提高油位的肉眼辨识度,从而实现运维人员在地面即可准确观察并判断变压器套管油位是否合格的目标。最终的测试结果表明,对比其它套管油位观察方法,文章所提出的油位观察辅助方法具有成本低廉、操作简洁、油位判断准确率相对较高的优点,具有实际的推广应用价值。

TTC法对水稻种子的胚位观察

TTC即氯化三苯基四氮唑(2、3、5—triphenyl tetrazolium crloride)是一种氯化还原染料,能被氢还原成红色的三苯基甲(月替),具有生活力种子的胚细胞含有脱氢酶,被种子吸收的氯化三苯基四氮唑参与了活细脆的还原作用,四氮唑接受活组织脱出的氢。

DES加密算法差分能量分析的研究

分析差分能量分析原理的基础上,设计了针对DES加密算法的差分能量分析系统并得出了分析的正确率。通过对实验数据的深入观察和分析,发现了可能严重影响DES的DPA分析正确率因素——DES的第四个S盒冲突现象,值得进一步深入研究。

Micro-galvanic corrosion behaviour of Mg-(7,9)Al-1Fe-xNd alloys

The localized micro-galvanic corrosion process and the kinetic information of Mg-(7,9)Al-1Fe-x Nd alloys were investigated by in situ observation under electrochemical control and in situ atomic force microscopy(AFM)in an electrolyte environment.The results revealed that the formation of the Nd-rich phase in alloys resulted in a decrease in the Volta potential difference from~400 m V(AlFe3/α-Mg)to~220 mV(Nd-rich/α-Mg),reducing the corrosion products around the cathodic phase and corrosion current density of the microscale area.The addition of Nd significantly improved the corrosion resistance,mainly due to the suppression of the micro-galvanic corrosion between the second phases and substrate.Finally,the corrosion mechanism of Mg-(7,9)Al-1Fe-x Nd alloys was discussed based on in situ observations and electrochemical results.

Fracture characteristics of notched investment cast TiAl alloy through in situ SEM observation

TiAl alloys were produced by investment casting method combined with induction skull melting （ISM） technique. In situ scanning electron microscopy （SEM） was utilized to study the fracture characteristics and crack propagation of a notched investment cast TiAl specimens in tension under incremental loading conditions. The whole process of crack initiation, propagation and failure during tensile deformation was observed and characterized. The results show that the fracture mechanism was sensitive to not only the microcracks near the notched area but also lamellar orientation to loading axis. The high tensile stress leads to the new microcracks nucleate along lamellar interfaces of grains with favorable orientation when local stress intensity reaches the toughness threshold of the material. Thus, both plasticity and high tensile stress are required to cause notched TiAl failure.

Effect of Cyclic Deformation on Magnetorheological Elastomers

Fatigue properties of magnetorheological elastomer （MRE） samples were investigated based on cis-polybutadiene rubber by using a fatigue test machine. Three MRE samples with iron particles mass fraction of 60%, 70%, and 80% were fabricated, and their properties dependence of three strain amplitudes （50%, 75%, and 100%） were measured. The absolute magnetorheological （MR） effect, storage modulus, and loss modulus of MRE samples after fatigue were evaluated by a modified dynamic mechanical analyzer. The results revealed that MR effect, storage modulus, and loss modulus of MREs containing 80% iron particles depended strongly on the strain amplitudes and the number of cycles, while storage mod-ulus and loss modulus of MREs containing 70% iron particles also depended on the strain amplitudes and the number of cycles but not as strongly as sample which contains 80% iron particles, but the properties of MREs containing 60% iron particles after cyclic deforma-tion were almost independent of the fatigued conditions. In order to investigate the fatigue mechanism of MREs, the sample was carried out with a quasi-static tensile testing and its surface morphology during testing was observed in situ by scanning electron microscopy.

钟点位观察法评价下颈椎椎弓根钉位置的实验研究与临床应用

目的用CT钟点位观察法观察下颈椎椎弓根钉位置的价值。方法取新鲜骨韧带颈椎标本10具,徒手置入C3~7椎弓根钉100枚,并对螺钉位置进行CT和解剖观察,CT观察采用钟点位观察法和横断位观察法,其结果与解剖直视观察结果相比较。临床置入99枚下颈椎椎弓根钉,术后进行临床和CT观察,用CT钟点位观察法和横断位观察法评价螺钉的位置。结果实验中直视观察、横断位观察法和钟点位观察法分别有有51枚、64枚和57枚螺钉穿破椎弓根。在直视观察中已穿破椎弓根壁的螺钉,钟点位观察法中均为穿破,其穿破方位两者吻合,而横断位观察法有2枚螺钉没有被CT扫描捕获,其余穿破的螺钉其穿破的内外侧分布于直视观察下的结果一致。螺钉穿破椎弓根距离统计结果 ,钟点位观察法与直视观察比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,横断位观察法与直视观察比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。术后临床观察共有1例发生椎动脉供血不足,术后CT观察,横断位观察法和钟点位观察法分别有28和22枚螺钉穿破椎弓根壁,其穿透距离比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论钟点位观察法在判断下颈椎椎弓根钉位置时,比较横断位观察法具有方位直观准确、穿破距离假阳性率低的特点,更真实可靠。

埃梅创作中的“变形”手法

马塞尔.埃梅,被誉为"二十世纪法国最伟大的短篇小说家",其风格融怪诞与现实于一炉。而"变形"这个沿用千年的古老题材,到了二十世纪的埃梅手里,更是具有了新的特色。文章尝试从主题的反异化、变位观察和紧密联系社会、不失幽默讽刺的变形记三个方面入手,对其在这方面飞特色结合作品做一阐释。

Effect of aging time on discontinuous precipitates,continuous precipitates and mechanical properties of AZ80A magnesium alloy

The evolution of precipitates and mechanical properties of AZ80A magnesium alloy with aging time was studied by in situ observation with SEM,TEM and tensile testing.The results show that the continuous precipitation(CP)phases near the reaction front(RF)are replaced by the discontinuous precipitation(DP)phases at the early aging stage.In DP regions,the elliptical phases coarsen obviously with the increase of aging time,which results in a slightly slow reduction of the intracrystalline hardness of DP regions.In CP regions,some small plate phases reprecipitate simultaneously with the growth of the initial precipitates,which contributes to a slight increase in the intracrystalline hardness in CP regions at the later aging stage.The aging hardening of DP regions is faster and stronger than that of CP regions.However,the age strengthening of CP regions not only compensates for the overaging softening of DP regions but also improves the strength of the alloy.

Recent progress on apparatus development and in situ observation of metal solidification processes via synchrotron radiation X-ray imaging: A review

The solidification process of metals plays a critical role in their final microstructure and, correspondingly, in their performance. It is therefore important to probe the solidification behavior of metals using advanced in situ techniques. Synchrotron radiation X-ray imaging is one of the most powerful techniques to observe the solidification process of metals directly. Here, we review the development of the solidification apparatus, including the directional solidification device, resistance furnace, multi-field coupling device, semisolid forming device, aerodynamic levitation apparatus, and laser additive manufacturing apparatus. We highlight the recent research progress on the use of synchrotron radiation X-ray imaging to reveal the solidification behavior of metals in the above circumstances. The future perspectives of synchrotron radiation X-ray imaging in metal research are discussed. Further development of this technique will contribute to improve the understanding of the solidification process of metals and other types of materials at different scales.

Application of GPS technology to build a mine-subsidence observation station

We propose the design of an observation station to establish a reliable datum for displacement and deformation analysis at the first working-face subsidence observation station of Liuzhuang Mine. The design considers various geologic and mining con-ditions. Having analyzed the aims of the joint survey and the comprehensive survey, we propose design principles, and work modes, for adopting GPS technology as the position measuring technique to be used in these two stages. Baseline vectors and spatial ad-justments of the GPS network were calculated after study of data processing and quality estimation methods. A coordinate system transformation and error estimates of the transformed GPS network data are discussed. The error estimates in all stages show that the GPS control network of the observation station has sufficient accuracy and is highly efficient. The network thus provides a reli-able datum for analyzing the laws of surface displacement and deformation induced by mining.

In situ observation of surface structures of cardiovascular endothelial cells with atomic force microscope

Objective To observe the surface structures of cardiovascular endothelial cells in situ with atomic force microscope （AFM）. Methods Fresh aorta and aortic valve were dissected from 10 healthy male New Zealand white rabbits. Before fixed in 1% formaldehyde, the fresh tissues were washed in the buffer phosphate solution. Under general microscope, the fixed aorta or valve was spread on the double side stick tape which had already been stuck on the glass slide. The intima of aorta or the aorta side of valve was towards upside, Then the specimen was dried under 37 degrees centigrade in an attemperator and was washed with pure water. After dried again, the specimen was loaded on the platform ofNanoScope Ⅲa AFM and was scanned in tapping mode with the scanning speed of 0.5 HZ. Results The surface structures of endothelial cell on the fixed and dried tissue could be observed clearly in situ with AFM. aortic endothelial cells were large, branched and arranged sparsely and parallel to the direction of blood flow, whereas endothelial cells on aorta valve surface were small, less branched and arranged intensively and vertical to the direction of blood flow. When the scanning range was dwindled, granular ultra-structures could be observed on the surface of endothelial cells, and, as the scanning range was dwindled further, fissure and convolution could be seen on the surface of granules from aortic endothelial cells. Centre cavity and surrounding swelling volcano-like structure could be seen on the surface of granules from endothelial cells of aortic valve. Conclusions It＇s feasible to observe the surface ultra-structures of cardiovascular endothelial cells in situ with AFM and morphological information provided by AFM might be of clinical value in future histopathological diagnosis（JGeriatr Cardiol2009; 6：178-181）.

In-situ Observation of the Growth of Fibrous and Dendritic Crystals in Quasi-2-dimensional Poly(ethylene oxide) Ultrathin Films

Crystal growth processes of poly（ethylene oxide） were followed from the original nucleation sites by using atomic force microscopy. Two distinct quasi-2-dimensional crystals about 4 nm thick were obtained from as-spun polymer ultrathin films： fibrous crystals, generated by the sheafing field via spin-coating, coexist with con- ventional dendrites. The growth of the two structures is dominated by diffusion limited aggregation, though the growth rate of the fibrous crystals is around one order of magnitude faster than that of the dendrites. The fibrous crystals are more stable than the dendritic ones.

CLINICAL STUDY ON MANIPULATIVE TREATMENT OF DERANGEMENT OF THE ATLANTOAXIAL JOINT

The derangement of the atlantoaxial joint is one of main cervical sources of dizziness and headache, which were based on the observation on the anatomy of the upper cervical vertebrae, analysis of X-ray film of the atlantoaxial joint, and the manipulative treatment in 35 patients with cervical spondylosis. The clinical diagnosis of derangement consists of: dizziness, headache, prominence and tenderness on one side of the affected vertebra, deviation of the dens for 1 mm-4 mm on the open-mouth X-ray film, abnormal movement of the atlantoaxial joint on head-rotated open-mouth X-ray film. An accurate and delicate adjustment is the most effective treatment.

Effect of Zn content on tensile and electrochemical properties of 3003 Al alloy

The effect of Zn addition on the microstructure, tensile properties and electrochemical properties of as-annealed 3003 Al alloy was investigated through TEM observations, tensile tests and Tafel polarization analysis. High density precipitates are observed in the Zn-containing alloys and the alloy with 1.8% Zn addition also has rod-like precipitates. Tensile test results indicate that Zn has a great effect on tensile strength of 3003 Al alloy. The alloy with 1.5% Zn addition has the highest ultimate tensile strength. The electrochemical results indicate that Zn addition to 3003 Al alloy also has great impact on the corrosion potential of the 3003 A1 alloy in 0.5% NaCl solution and ethylene glycol-water solution. The corrosion potential varies with the Zn content and shifts negatively.

齿轮箱注油量调整研究

苏州地铁1号线在运营过程中,发现齿轮箱车轮侧的密封盖上普遍粘附有一圈灰渍,且严重的有油滴下流的痕迹,且该现象在夏天时较为严重.通过实验最终调整齿轮箱油位,提高齿轮箱工作性能,节省消耗料费用,降低运营成本.

CLINICAL OBSERVATION ON ACUPOINT INJECTION ANALGESIA FOR ARTIFICIAL ABORTION

In the present study, the effect of acupoint injection analgesia for artificial abortion was observed. 40 patients were divided at random into 2 groups: Acupoint injection group(n=20) and control group (n=20). In the former group, bilateral Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) were selected. 1-1.5 ml diluted analgesic solution was injected into each acupoint respectively about 5-10 minutes before operation. The blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) of the patients were all monitored before and during operation. Results showed that the effective rates of analgesia for uterus aspiration and dilation of the uterine cervix were 90 percent and 85 percent respectively. Patients’ BP and HR during operation were all stable as compared with those before operation (P>0.05). It indicates that this method has a better effect in relieving abdominalgia and preventing nausea and vomiting during artificial abortion. It can be developed and used in clinic.

Clinical research of acupoint application for "treatment of winterdisease in summer" used to prevent and treat bronchial asthma inchildren

OBJECTIVE:To preliminarily analyze key factors influencing curative effect through clinical observations of acupoint application for "treatment of win-ter disease in summer" used to prevent and treat bronchial asthma in children.METHODS:In an observational study and prospective cohort study,we observed children in remission of asthma at three class Ⅲ grade A TCM hospitals in Liaoning,Hubei,and Chengdu.RESULTS:A total of 609 children conformed to diagnostic and inclusive standards for remission of bronchial asthma.Through follow-up visits,we observed their skin reactions and the time and chance of treatment with different therapies in the three hospitals;we also compared and analyzed different drugs,acupoints,and preparations.We found that the key Chinese drugs were Bai Jie Zi(Semen Sinapis Albae) and Yian Hu Suo(Rhizoma Corydalis);the key acupoints were Feishu(BL 13),Gaohuang(BL 43),Dingchuan(EX-B1),Tiantu(CV 22),and Shanzhong(CV 17);and the best preparation was a mixture of drugs,ginger juice,and musk.Acupoint application was practiced on the hottest days of summer and the coldest days of winter for 0.5 to 2 h with the lowest rate of asthma relapse.CONCLUSIONS:The present data analysis shows that the curative effect of acupoint application for "treatment of winter disease in summer" may be influenced by recipes of Chinese drugs,preparations,prescriptions of acupoints,chance,time,and skin reactions.A curative effect is the result of the comprehensive action of these factors.

In-situ observation for formation and dissociation of carbon dioxide hydrate in porous media by magnetic resonance imaging

The study of formation and dissociation of CO 2 hydrate in porous media was characterized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system in in situ conditions. This work simulated porous media by using glass beads of uniform size. The growth and dissociation habit of CO2 hydrate was observed under different temperature and pressure conditions. The induction time and the hydrate saturation during the growth and dissociation process in different sizes of porous media were obtained by using the MRI signal intensity. The results indicate that hydrate growth rate and the induction time are affected by the size of porous media, pressure, and degree of supercooling. There are three hydrate growth stages, i.e., initial growth stage, rapid growth stage and steady stage. In this study,the CO2 hydrate forms preferentially at the surface of vessel and then gradually grows inward. The hydrate tends to cement the glass beads together and occupies the pore gradually. As the hydrate decomposes gradually, the dissociation rate increases to the maximum and then decreases to zero.