介绍一种在大工件上制备金相观察面的简易方法

1 检验工具与物品手电钻一把,360#、500#水砂纸,02#金相砂纸,Cr2O3粉,抛光呢,水一杯,胶塞一个,滤纸,大工件检查仪,侵蚀剂.磨抛用具的组合示于图la.

立漂穿星漂,扩大观察面

浮漂,是垂钓者的眼睛,鱼咬钩是通过浮漂的反应来体现的。笔者是垂钓爱好者,多年来,通过自己的改进浮漂,同比钓获了不少鱼获。我改进的浮漂有几个优点:第一,制做简单方便,所用材料价值低廉;其次,浮漂清晰灵敏,特别是对视力稍微差一些的钓友更实用;第三,防风能力强,静水更清晰。

洛阳坩埚附着钢的初步研究

1979年,洛阳市文物工作队在黄河北岸洛阳吉利区发掘了一批汉墓,其中一座(编号C9 M 19)出土坩埚十一个,有一个内壁上附着一块金属,经鉴定为铸态过共析钢。本文根据考古发掘及科学分析的材料,对这种钢的生产工艺等作一初步讨论。一、考古发掘的情况基C9 M 19为长方形竖穴,底长2.10、宽0.90、深2.10米。尸体仰面直肢。十一个坩埚中有十个是两两重叠的,一个单置,与骨架足部相对,成行排列于墓塘的一端。

论体育教育过程中人际交往能力的培养

我国的教育正在从应试教育向素质教育转轨 ,我们的教育目标是要培养面向 2 1世纪的全面发展的具有高素质的跨世纪的人才。在当今社会 ,能否与别人很好地沟通和交往 ,已成为事业能否成功的一个重要依据。文章就学生中人际关系的现状 ,分析了加强学生人际交往能力的必要性 ,并提出了在体育教学中培育学生人际交往能力的有利因素和方法。

平面波倾斜入射时的夫琅和费衍射花样

在非近轴条件下 ,夫琅和费衍射花样的观察面是球面 ,平面上观察到的衍射花样是球面上衍射花样在平面上的投影 ,讨论了平面波倾斜入射在一维朗奇光栅上产生的衍射花样偏离直线的原因 ,实验结果和理论分析一致 .

Observation and Comparison of Pollen Submicroscopic Morphology of Seven Mulberry(Morus alba Linn.) Cultivars

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the submicroscopic structure and morphological characteristics of mulberry pollen. [Method] Mulberry pollen of seven cultivars were treated by glutaraldehyde fixing, alcohol gradient dehydration, freeze-drying and metal plating to observe the size and surface ornamentation under the scanning electron microscope （SEM）. [Result] The pollen surface characteristics and ornamentation were clearly visible, indicating that this method is suitable for SEM observation of mulberry pollen; experimental mulberry pollen was nearly spher- ical, with two germination apertures and processes on aperture membrane; polar axis was 15.99-22.63 μm long, and equatorial axis was 14.98-20.78 μm long; the pollen volume of ＂Yu No.2＇ was the maximum, while that of ＂Jinxuan No.7＇ was the minimum; the surface of mulberry pollen showed smooth and tumor-like protuberance ornamentations, covered with different densities of particles. [Conclusion] Glutaralde- hyde fixative-alcohol gradient dehydration is an ideal method for morphological char- acteristics of mulberry pollen. This study may provide useful information for palynology identification of Morus plants or even species-level systematic classification.

动态散斑的统计特性

在高斯光束照明下,通过推导动态散斑强度起伏空——时互相关函数,研究由横向运动的毛玻璃产生的动态散斑的统计特性,同时讨论了散斑的平移和沸腾两种典型的运动.

Effects of Steam Heat Treatment on the Surface Contact Angle of Chinese Fir

The aim of this study was investigate the effects of heat treatment on the contact angle of Chinese fir, and the indicators affecting the change of contact an-gle change. It was determined that the duration of treatment had significant effect on the change curves of contact angle of Chinese fir wood due to the change curves of contact angle became more centralized and orderly after the specimens heat treated at 180 ℃. Compared with the untreated wood, the contact angle in-creased from 51＆#176; to 124＆#176; after 4 h treatment, and hydroxyl absorbance of hy-drophilic functional groups decreased from 2.08 to 1.63, while carbonyl absorbance from 0.92 to 0.62. The surface roughness has not significant influence on the con-tact angle. Heat treatment of the Chinese fir caused surface morphological change, which produced hol owed-out phenomenon. The increased surface contact angle caused by heat treatment can be used for outdoor and sauna facilities.

小学体育课堂中教师站位的合理性

本文从拓宽学生的观察面,增强视角效果的角度谈了以下观点:学生的观察面在体育教学中的作用、队伍组织工作中学生观察面的四个步骤、考虑学生观察面需要注意的问题。并用直观图解辅助阐明了体育课上学生的基本站位、基本队形、基本路线,这对于在体育课教学中充分考虑学生的观察面,全面提高课堂教学效果,将产生切实有效的助推作用。

羊毛色泽测试的研究

羊毛色泽测试的研究李康，沈明玉，徐鑫华（江苏商检局）羊毛色泽的测试在世界上已越来越被人们所重视，在国际羊毛拍卖市场上，羊毛色泽的结果（Ｙ—Ｚ）是一关键的参数。几乎在国外所有羊毛拍卖市场上，每一批拍卖的羊毛都挂上ＩＷＴＯ检验证书，上面表明此批羊毛的细度...

Effects of different characteristic surfaces at initial stage of frost growth

The effects of surface energy on phase change of water vapor at initial stage of frost growth were studied to find an effective method of restraining frost growth.The mechanism of restraining frost growth by low energy surface(bigger contact angle) was analyzed based on crystal growth theory.Then,the phase change of water vapor and the process of frost growth on the copper and wax energy surfaces were observed using microscope.The results indicate that it is difficult for wax surface(low energy surface),on which there are still water droplets at 100 s,to form critical embryo,so frost growth can be restrained in a way.Water formation,droplet growth,ice formation and dendritic ice growth processes happen on both surfaces,ordinally.But the ice beads,with larger average diameter and sparse distribution on the wax surface,form later(at about 300 s) than that on the copper surface,and the dendritic ice also appears later.All of these support that ice crystal formation and dendritic crystal growth at initial stage of frost growth can be retarded on the low energy surface.

In situ observation of surface structures of cardiovascular endothelial cells with atomic force microscope

Objective To observe the surface structures of cardiovascular endothelial cells in situ with atomic force microscope （AFM）. Methods Fresh aorta and aortic valve were dissected from 10 healthy male New Zealand white rabbits. Before fixed in 1% formaldehyde, the fresh tissues were washed in the buffer phosphate solution. Under general microscope, the fixed aorta or valve was spread on the double side stick tape which had already been stuck on the glass slide. The intima of aorta or the aorta side of valve was towards upside, Then the specimen was dried under 37 degrees centigrade in an attemperator and was washed with pure water. After dried again, the specimen was loaded on the platform ofNanoScope Ⅲa AFM and was scanned in tapping mode with the scanning speed of 0.5 HZ. Results The surface structures of endothelial cell on the fixed and dried tissue could be observed clearly in situ with AFM. aortic endothelial cells were large, branched and arranged sparsely and parallel to the direction of blood flow, whereas endothelial cells on aorta valve surface were small, less branched and arranged intensively and vertical to the direction of blood flow. When the scanning range was dwindled, granular ultra-structures could be observed on the surface of endothelial cells, and, as the scanning range was dwindled further, fissure and convolution could be seen on the surface of granules from aortic endothelial cells. Centre cavity and surrounding swelling volcano-like structure could be seen on the surface of granules from endothelial cells of aortic valve. Conclusions It＇s feasible to observe the surface ultra-structures of cardiovascular endothelial cells in situ with AFM and morphological information provided by AFM might be of clinical value in future histopathological diagnosis（JGeriatr Cardiol2009; 6：178-181）.

Effects of extracellular polymer substances on aerobic granulation in sequencing batch reactors

The effects of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on aerobic granulation in sequencing batch reactors (SBR) were investigated by evaluating the EPS content, and the relationship between EPS composition and surface properties of glucose-fed aerobic granules. The results show that aerobic granular sludge contains more EPS than seed sludge, and it is about 47 mg/gMLSS. Corresponding to the changes of EPS, the surface charge of microorganisms in granules increases from -0.732 to -0.845 meq/gMLSS, whereas the hydrophobicty changes significantly from 48.46% to 73.16%. It is obviously that changes of EPS in sludge alter the negative surface charge and hydrophobicity of microorganisms in granules, enhance the polymeric interaction and promote the aerobic granulation. Moreover, EPS can serve as carbon and energy reserves in granulation, thus the growth between the interior and exterior bacteria is balanced, and the integrality of granules is maintained. SEM observation of the granules exhibits that EPS in granules are ropy; by mixing with bacteria, compact matrix structure can be formed. The distribution of EPS in granules profiles the importance of EPS storage. It can be concluded that EPS play a crucial role in aerobic granulation.

OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS OF SEA SURFACE WIND OVER THE QIONGZHOU STRAIT

The spatial variation and diurnal fluctuation of sea surface wind over the Qiongzhou Strait were described using verified datasets from automatic weather stations on board a ferry, buoys, and on the coast. Results are as follows： （1） On average, sea surface wind speed is 34 m/s larger over the Qiongzhou Strait than in the coastal area. Sea surface wind speeds of 8.0 rrds or above （on Beaufort scale five） in the coastal area are associated with speeds 5-6 m/s greater over the surface of the Qiongzhou Strait. （2） Gust coefficients for the Qiongzhou Strait decrease along with increasing wind speeds. When coastal wind speed is less than scale five, the average gust coefficient over the sea surface is between 1.4 and 1.5; when wind speed is equal to scale five or above, the average gust coefficient is about 1.35. （3） In autumn and winter, the diurnal differences of average wind speed and wind consistency over the strait are less than those in the coastal area; when wind speed is 10.8 m/s （scale six） or above, the diurnal difference of average wind speed decreases while wind consistency increases for both the strait and the coast.

CLINICAL OBSERVATION ON TREATMENT OF 120 CASES OF PERIPHERY FACIAL PARALYSIS WITH PENETRATION NEEDLING

In the present study, the therapeutic effect of penetration needling was observed in 120 cases facial paralysis patients and compared with that of the routine needling in another 105 cases. Results showed that though no significant difference was found between these two groups in the therapeutic effect, the acupoints used were fewer in penetration needling group and its effect on tear and posterior auricular pain was superior to that of routine needling.

Shot lining of magnesium alloy with hard powders

To improve the surface properties,lining of magnesium alloys with hard powders by shot peening was carried out in order. The hard powders were tried to bond to the workpiece surface due to the collision of many shots.In order to fix the hard powders to the surface of the workpiece,the powders were set on an uneven surface.To easily facilitate fixing of powders,lining of the workpiece with the powder sandwiched between two aluminum foil sheets was also attempted.In this experiment,a centrifugal shot peening machine with an electrical heater was employed.The workpieces were magnesium alloys AZ31B and AZ91D,and the hard powders were commercial cemented carbide,alumina,and zirconia.The joinability of hard powders near the lined surface was observed by a optical microscope.The wear resistance was also evaluated by a wear test.The hard powders were successfully bonded to the surface of workpieces by the shot lining process.The results show that the present method is effective in wear resistance of the magnesium alloys.

Structure and mechanical properties of pincers for freshwater lobster

The mineral phases and structure of pincer for the freshwater lobster were analyzed and observed by using X-ray diffraction and field-emission scanning electronic microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy, and the mechanical properties of pincer were determined by using nano-indenter and micro-tribometer. The results showed that the pincers contained Ca, Mg, C, O, Na, etc. elements and there were many amorphous mineral phases in the lobster pincers. There were many concave hollows and convex domes with seta on the surface of pincer, and some spines were observed on the surface of seta, which exhibited non-smooth surface. The exoskeleton of pincer consisted of epicuticle, exocuticle and endocuticle, and the microstructure of exocuticle and endocuticle displayed the twisted plywood structure with chitin protein fibers. The mean hardness and elastic modulus on the surface of fresh pincers were 0.27 GPa and 5.28 GPa, respectively. With the increase in distance from the surface, the hardness and elastic modulus all decreased gradually. This indicated that the transition of hardness and elastic modulus occurred from exocuticle to endocuticle. When the heat treatment temperature was lower than 200°C, the values of hardness and elastic modulus fluctuated slightly, while they increased at the temperature beyond 200°C. As the pincers slid against Si3N4 balls in water and air, the friction coefficients in water were higher than those in air. The research could provide a bio-inspired basis for the structural design of composite materials and anti-friction surface.

辉县出土的几件铁器底金相学考察

一、前言这次辉县出土的几件铁器的考察,是中国科学院考古研究所委托的鉴定工作。由于对古代金属知道得很少,以为通过典型的内部组织观察,便可以鉴定。事实上其内部组织并不如想像简单,所以了解内部情况,必须更全面地推行观察。但为保存原形,又不得不尽可能地减少破坏,所以观察面是远远不够,而所讨论问题又难免片面和错误。从辉县发掘展览中看到战国时期已应用铸铁生产用具,颇引起我们特别的兴趣,因而在观察组织当中特别注意铸铁组织的存在。这几件用具,由于长是期(公元前三世纪左右的遗物)生锈的结果,有的已完全绣透,不能进行考察,仅就其中未生锈部分作了观察。这样就一个物件去进行较全面的观察和分析是有困难的。我们研究人类文化发展史的时候,了解各代的劳动生活的情况是非常重要的。虽然这次所观察的资料太少,观察方法还不够全面,仅以看到的情况。