中国古代三种基本的观时方式——切入古代时间意识的一个维度

在中国古代人文思想的谱系中,存在三种基本的观照时间的方式:"执有观时"、"体无观时"、"解空观时",分别对应于传统的儒家、道家和佛禅这三种文化类型。传统儒、道、释观照时间的方式不同,其各自超越时间的路向也不一样,儒家是持存和延续"有",道家是返回本源之"无",佛禅则是破除执念、顿悟证"空"。这三种观时方式可以概括出两条时间意识的主线:"绵延"与"空观",这两者自身以及相互之间又形成了一种悖论性关系,这种时间悖论不仅来自各自理论本身的复杂性,更关键的是取决于肉身生命的"有死性"。正缘于此,这种时间悖论始终存在并贯穿于中国古代的哲学、美学、诗学等文化领域。

《内经》的法时观与时间针灸学

１９３７年在瑞士召开了国际生物周期节律科学研究会，自此各国生物学家完成了大量的科研工作，创立了时间生物学（Ｃｈｒｏｎｏｂｉｏｌｏｇｙ）。近年来，时间生物学被广泛引入医学之中，用于人类疾病的预防、诊断、治疗，从而发展成为一门新兴临床学科——时间治疗学（...

“间”的日本性——矶崎新的建筑时空观研究

“回归”和“虚无”是日本文化中对于时间与空间的理解,源自于日本日常生活中的“间”文化。通过分析“间”所表现出的“日本性”,同时以矶崎新在西方反响热烈的“间”文化展为脉络,解读“间”思想影响下矶崎新的时间与空间观念,并探寻融入在矶崎新的建筑作品空间与形式的组织和体验当中的“间”思想。

分别说部、经量部与西方哲学家的“三时”观比较研究

佛教四大宗派对“三时”持有不同的观点,其中分别说部和经量部之间更是大相径庭。就藏传量学而言,将“三时”作为专题的研究成果相对较少。而西方哲学家在很早时期就对这一概念列为专题,进行了颇为细致的研究,也提出了诸多不同观点。但在多数研究成果中,采用跨学科视阈和比较研究法的颇为罕见。将分别说部、经量部与西方哲学家“三时”观进行比较研究,能够在突破传统研究视阈盲点的基础上,打破理论和方法上的界限,从不同文化的逻辑视角赋予研究对象新的活力,对于该研究领域的现代化具有重要的理论意义。

中国古代宇宙观中的空间观念刍论

空间观念作为中国古代宇宙观中的重要的也是主要的组成部分,许多古代哲人作了各种探讨和深刻论述,形成了与古代西方颇为不同的空间观。基于此,主要论述了中国古代宇宙观中有关空间观念的几个方面,包括:空间观念的形成、无限空间的观念、空间的运动观、生成观及空间时间转化的观念等。

论儒家视域下唐代意象本体时空观的建构

从文化溯源上说,儒家思想文化对唐代意象时空的影响是极为重要的。以“物”本体视域打开时空思维之链,通过主体生命的安放来对审美意象时空世界进行真实感知与情境传达,展现了唐人的生命情怀和宇宙观念。在此影响下的意象时间关注的是时间的生命历程以及生命发展的内在动因,蕴含一定人文时间色彩。在审美意象体系的时间场域中,意象主体与客体都处于互动消长的格局之中,意象时间的本质在于变易,即在绵延之流的时间体验中把握意象存在的根基。而“绵延”的时间之流本质则是一种“物”本体的彰显,通过物化思维对万事万物的意象时空本质予以真正理解。从意象空间方面看,唐代所开启的学术思潮中儒家文化依旧占据一定影响力,也合乎正统。在整体学术思维、社会形态以及意象空间中,建构了一种天地尊卑关系,社会制度与思想艺术按照一定伦理秩序进行,理想的意象本体空间必然是合乎礼乐文明的秩序空间、变动不居的生生不息空间以及浑然一体的天人合一空间,亦即一种“物”本体空间形态。

Microstructure and mechanical properties of alloy 617B

The microstructure and mechanical properties of alloy 617 B in the process of 5000 h aging at 750 °C were systematically investigated by means of SEM, TEM and mechanical analysis. M23C6 particles were dispersed inside grains and distributed discontinuously along grain boundaries and γ′ phases were situated at intragranular sites in the process of aging. The size of precipitates increased with increasing aging time. Inter- and intra-granular carbide and γ′ phase particles inside grains resulted in the precipitation strengthening of this aged alloy, enhancing the strength and hardness. The aged alloy possessed good stabilities of hardness and strength during aging. An obvious decrease of the toughness of this aged alloy was due to γ′ phase particles limiting plastic deformation to the area nearby grain boundaries, resulting in the occurrence of crack along grain boundaries. Additionally, the intergranular cracks apparently led to a decrease in the toughness for this aged alloy due to carbide particles at grain boundaries. The toughness of this aged alloy was fairly stable possibly due to the unchanged distribution of the precipitates during aging.

Influence of aging on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ80 and ZK60 magnesium alloys

The effect of aging on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ80 and ZK60 wrought magnesium alloys was studied with optical microscope and mechanical testers. The results demonstrate that both the tensile strength and elongation of AZ80 alloy increase firstly and then decrease as the aging temperature rises, the peak values appear when the aging temperature is 170 ℃ The hardness of ZK60 alloy increases firstly and then decreases as the aging temperature rises, and the hardness reaches its peak value at 170 ℃. However, the toughness of the alloy is just the opposite. Moreover, ZK60 alloy has good performances in both impact toughness and other mechanical properties at the aging temperature from 140 ℃ to 200 ℃.

Influence of dual retrogression and re-aging temper on microstructure,strength and exfoliation corrosion behavior of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy

Influence of dual retrogression and re-aging（dual-RRA） temper on microstructure,strength and exfoliation corrosion（EC） behavior of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy was investigated by hardness measurements,tensile properties tests,exfoliation corrosion tests,transmission electron microscopy（TEM） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM） observation combined energy dispersive X-ray detector（EDX） analysis.Dual-RRA temper maintains the matrix precipitates（MPs） similar to RRA temper,meanwhile obtains coarser and sparser grain boundary precipitates（GBPs） as well as higher Cu and lower Zn content compared with T76 temper.Therefore,dual-RRA temper not only keeps strength equivalent to the RRA temper but also obtains higher EC resistance than T76 temper.

Microstructure and properties of rare earth-containing Cu-Cr-Zr alloy

Cu-0.81Cr-0.12Zr-0.05La-0.05Y(mass fraction) alloy was successively subjected to hot rolling, solid solution treatment, cold rolling and aging treatments. Its microstructure, microhardness and electrical conductivity at different states were systematically investigated. The as-cast microstructure consists of three phases: Cu matrix, Cr and Cu5 Zr. Zr is completely dissolved into the matrix while partial Cr remains after the solid solution treatment. Aging of the cold-rolled sample makes nanocrystals of Cr and Cu5 Zr precipitate from the matrix, and the microhardness and electrical conductivity rise. A combination of high microhardness(HV 186) and high conductivity(81% IACS) can be obtained by aging the sample at 773 K for 60 min. As the aging temperature increases, the orientation degree of the Cu crystals gradually decreases to zero, but the microstrain in them cannot be eliminated completely owing to the presence of precipitates and dislocations. The Cr precipitates exhibit the N-W orientation relationship with the matrix when the coherence strengthening mechanism plays a main role.

传统:重复那不可重复之物——试析“传统”的几个教条

复兴传统文化是国人面临的时代课题,然而对于什么是传统学界还需要进一步的思考。首先,从时间间距上看,传统分为"传统意义上的传统"也即具有悠久历史的古老传统,以及"现代传统"也即在近现代形成的传统,前者区别于后者的特征在于其神圣性、源头性、等级性和根系性等;其次,重复传统有两种路径,一是"回归源头的重复",二是"前行的重复",而这两种方式都无法实现重复传统;再次,在对传统的解释方面,"原本中心论"认为传统是难以摆脱的,一切解释都无法脱离传统,"述者决定论"则认为传统是阐释者共同塑造的;最后,传统不仅仅是时间性的,也是空间性的,尤其在全球化时代,不同传统之间的横向流动是传统发挥效力的更显著的维度。因此,是否具有"流通性"成为传统能否流动的关键。

试论汪莘“诗源太虚说”

宋代理学家汪莘认为诗歌散见于太虚之间,需要诗人通过其才智才能够看到,最终表现为诗歌,并且通过诗歌可以起到"观其时"的效果。

Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical property of extruded 7090/SiC_p composite

The ultra high strength SiC particles （SiCp） reinforced Al-10%Zn-3.6%Mg-1.8%Cu-0.36%Zr-0.15% Ni composite was prepared by spray co-deposition. Microstructures of the extruded and different heat-treated bars were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and energy dispersive spectrometry （EDS）. Grain size of the composites prepared by two-stage solution is smaller than that by single-stage solution. After single-stage solution aging treatment, fine precipitates of both η and AlZnMgCu-rich phase can be found both intragranularly and intergranularly. While after the two-stage solution, an amorphous Si-Cu-Al-O （5 nm） layer appears at the interface. The addition of Ni and Zr modified the influence of the two-stage solution and inhibited the growth of the 7090/SiCp composite grain size. Heat treatments can significantly improve the fracture toughness of the composite. The fracture toughness first decreases then increases with the elongation of the aging time.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded Mg-8.5Gd-2.3Y-1.8Ag-0.4Zr alloy

The microstructure, age hardening behavior and mechanical properties of an Mg-8.5Gd-2.3Y-1.8Ag-0.4Zr alloy prepared by casting and hot extrusion techniques were investigated. The solution-treated （T4 temper） alloys were extruded at 400, 450 and 500 °C with an extrusion ratio of 10：1, respectively. Optimized mechanical properties were obtained by extrusion at 400 °C followed by T5 treatment under the combined effects of grain refinement and precipitation strengthening. The alloy exhibits a grain size of about 5.0 μm, initial and peak microhardness of HV 109 and HV 129, respectively. The tensile yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation at room temperature are 391 MPa, 430 MPa and 5.2%, respectively.

Human tracking in camera network with non-overlapping FOVs

An adaptive human tracking method across spatially separated surveillance cameras with non-overlapping fields of views （FOVs） is proposed. The method relies on the two cues of the human appearance model and spatio-temporal information between cameras. For the human appearance model, an HSV color histogram is extracted from different human body parts （head, torso, and legs）, then a weighted algorithm is used to compute the similarity distance of two people. Finally, a similarity sorting algorithm with two thresholds is exploited to find the correspondence. The spatio- temporal information is established in the learning phase and is updated incrementally according to the latest correspondence. The experimental results prove that the proposed human tracking method is effective without requiring camera calibration and it becomes more accurate over time as new observations are accumulated.

试论足球运动员的时空观

现代足球运动呈现出高强度、高速度、高对抗的特点,为了适应现代足球发展需要,要求足球运动员具备包含技战术、身体、心理和智力等多要素、多序列、多层次的动态综合能力。位置感是这一能力的具体体现。因此,深入理解位置感,正确认识位置感的作用,加强球员位置感的培养和提高,对提高球员和球队的整体水平具有重要的意义。

Effects of process parameters on mechanical properties and microstructures of creep aged 2124 aluminum alloy

A series of tests were carried microstructures of 2124 aluminum alloy in increase of aging time, temperature and low-to-peak-to-low manner. No significant out to investigate the effects of process parameters on mechanical properties and creep aging process. The results show that creep strain and creep rate increase with the applied stress. The hardness of specimen varies with aging time and stress in a effect of temperature on hardness of material is seen in the range of 185-195 ℃. The optimum mechanical properties are obtained at the conditions of （200 MPa, 185 ℃, 8 h） as the result of the coexistence of strengthening S＂ and S＇ phases in the matrix by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. TEM observation shows that applied stress promotes the formation and growth of precioitates and no obvious stress orientation effect is observed in the matrix.

Mechanical properties of anti-seepage grouting materials for heavy metal contaminated soil

Cement-based composite grouting materials were used to construct grouting cutoff wall for heavy metal contaminated soil in non-ferrous metal mining areas. Cement, fly ash, and slag as principal ingredients were mixed with water glass in different ways to produce three composite grouting materials. In order to investigate the effect of water glass mixing ratio, Baume degree, fly ash and slag contents on the mechanical properties of the composite grouting materials, particularly their gel time and compressive strength, the beaker-to-beaker method of gel time test and unconfined compressive strength test were conducted. In addition, the phase composition and microstructure of the composite grouting materials were analyzed by the X-ray diffraction（XRD） and scanning electron microscope（SEM） techniques. The test results show that their gel time increases when water glass mixing ratio and Baume degree increase. The gel time increases dramatically when fly ash is added, but decreases slightly if fly ash is partly replaced by slag. When the mixing ratio of water glass is below 20%, their compressive strength increases with the increases of the ratio; when the ratio is above 20%, it significantly decreases. The compressive strength also tends to increase as Baume degree increases, and improves if fly ash and slag are added.

Feasibility of central loop TEM method for prospecting multilayer water-fi lled goaf

With deep mining of coal mines, prospecting multilayer water-filled goaf has become a new content that results from geophysical exploration in coalfields. The central loop transient electromagnetic （TEM） method is favorable for prospecting conductive layers because of the coupling relationship between its field structure and formation. However, the shielding effect of conductive overburden would not only require a longer observation time when prospecting the same depth but also weaken the anomalous response of underlying layers. Through direct time domain numerical simulation and horizontal layered earth forward modeling, this paper estimates the length of observation time required to prospect the target, and the distinguishable criterion of multilayer water-filled goal is presented with observation error according to the effect of noise on observation data. The observed emf curves from Dazigou Coal Mine, Shanxi Province can distinguish multilayer water-filled goaf. In quantitative inversion interpretation of observed curves, using electric logging data as initial parameters restrains the equivalence caused by coal formation thin layers. The deduced three-layer and two-layer water-filled goals are confirmed by the drilling hole. The result suggests that when observation time is long enough and with the anomalous situation of underlying layers being greater than the observation error, the use of the central loop TEM method to orosoect a multilaver water-filled goaf is feasible.

Robust fault diagnosis for a class of nonlinear systems with time delay

Robust fault diagnosis problems based on adaptive observer technique are studied for a class of time delayed nonlinear system with external disturbance. Adaptive fault updating laws were designed to estimate the fault and to guarantee the stability of the diagnosis system. The effects of adjusting parameters in adaptive fault updating laws on the fault estimation accuracy were analyzed. For a designed fault diagnosis system,the super bounds of the state estimation error and fault estimation error of the adaptive observer were discussed,which further showed how the parameters in the adaptive fault updating laws influenced the fault estimation accuracy. Simulation example demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed methods and the analysis results.