论市场经济体制建立的客观标志

1、市场经济是一个与社会化商品经济相联系，反映社会化商品经济运行规律与关系的经济范畴，就其概念的实质而言，市场经济又是一种市场在其中对社会经济资源配置起调节和导向作用的经济。

抓作风反腐败是政治生态的“直观标尺”

政治生态有两个直观标尺：一看党员干部作风好不好，二看有没有腐败问题。营造良好政治生态就要锲而不舍地抓作风反腐败。政治生态是党风、政风、社会风气的综合反映，影响党员干部的价值取向和为政行为。营造良好政治生态是全面从严治党的题中应有之义，要坚持重在建设、立破并举，弘扬新风正气、涤荡歪风邪气，努力实现干部清正、政府清廉、政治清明，为推进“四个全面”战略布局凝聚强大正能量。

妙判化学平衡的宏观标志

化学平衡是中学化学的重要基础理论,在每年高考试题中出现的频率可以说是100%,化学平衡状态的判断是其中的一个考点.要判断一个可逆反应是否达到化学平衡状态,就要掌握化学平衡状态的标志.

观标相，识鱼口

由于鱼的品种、大小、生存状态不同，再加上季节、天气、钓法的不同，即使是用同一支浮标，反映出的动作也不一样，更不用说用不同的浮标了。所以，想要准确地抓住鱼口，除了需要掌握自己的浮标外，还要了解鱼吃饵的习惯和动作。

DIY醒目标尾：让你观标更轻松

中老年钓友在日常垂钓活动中遇到的困难往往比青年人多，比如：由于眼睛发花，看标就比较困难。尤其是细尾浮标，更加看不清楚。要是选择粗尾的大标，又感觉太不灵敏。这个问题时常困扰着中老年钓友。因此，在这里我要向大家介绍一种简单易行的方法，即使采用细尾浮标，也可以让中老年钓友的观标变得非常轻松。

观标与调标

观标与调标好像是联系不太紧密的两个问题，其实，观标的好坏与调标的状态有直接的关系。调标后的钓组状态。直接影响着鱼咬钩的方式，反映在标上就会出现许多不同的动作。要说明这一联系，就要结合实际，观标解读浮标的语言，首先要把最主要的因素，鱼一并加以考虑；调标要考虑两方面的主要内容，一是鱼的品种，二是钓法和气候因素。这里我们就从对观标、调标产生影响的主要因素方面人手，说一下观标与调标。

《文心雕龙》"六观"新释

刘勰的《文心雕龙·知音》篇,在总结前人的经验和研究成果的基础上,对文学批评和鉴赏的态度、原则和方法,提出了系统的、深刻的、创造性的见解,为古典文学批评论奠定了基础.对于这一贡献,本文不拟全面论述和评价,仅就其中的"六观"说,

“六观”辨析——关于刘勰的文学批评理论

是以将阅文情,先标六观:一观位体,二观置辞,三观通变,四观奇正,五观事义,六观宫商。斯术既形,则优劣见矣.——《知音》篇《文心雕龙》中的《知音》篇,集中了刘勰有关文学批评的理论。这里提出的“六观”,到底是考察作品的批评方法,还是衡量作品的批评标准?目前在学术界还有争议。此外,“六观”的具体内容是什么,这也是一个有待探讨的问题。

刘勰论美的原则

【正】 从审美意识看美的创造与欣赏,其核心问题是美的理想。美的理想是艺术家和批评家(包括欣赏者)的最高美学标准。艺术家和批评家总是以自己的审美理想为准则,或指导艺术创作(即以美的理想为追求目标),或进行审美评判(即以美的理想为衡量尺度)。刘勰当然也不例外。谈到美的理想,有的研究者很重视“六观”,认为那是刘勰提出的审美标准。按“六观”见于《知音》篇①:“将阅文情,先标六观:一观位体,二观置辞,三观通变,四观奇正。

TCP flow identification by sequence and acknowledgement number

To reduce the TCP flow processing cost, some bit patterns selected from the TCP/IP packet can be used as TCP flow identification. Based on the entropy and randomness analysis of the distribution of sequence number （SN） and acknowledgement number （AN） in the first packet of a TCP flow, this paper proposes a new uniform TCP flow identification by sequence and acknowledgement number （FIDSAN） to the heavy-tailed IP or TCP traffic. The experimental results suggest that some bits in the TCP sequence number and acknowledgment number can be selected out as flow ID with acceptable confliction probability. The bit length of flow ID selected under given confliction probability can be conducted from an equation deduced from the observing window and flow ID range. FIDSAN has low computation cost in the comparison with the traditional methods, such as 5-tuple, CRC, and Checksum etc.

关于大学生创新思维和创新能力培养的思考

培养大学生的创新能力,是每个高等教育工作者必须直接面对并且已经直接面对的一个重大课题。创新思维是创新能力的核心和灵魂,创新能力的培养从根本上讲就是创新思维能力的培养。本文从创新思维的含义和特征、创新思维的社会需求、大学生创新思维的培养与训练等方面进行了粗浅的阐述。

Establishment and data analysis of sea-state monitoring system along Taiwan coast

Taiwan Island is at the joint of Eurasian Continent and Pacific Plate, under threatening of typhoons and northeasterly strong winds. Consequently, enormous human lives and properties are lost every year. It is necessary to develop a coastal sea-state monitoring system. This paper introduces the coastal sea-state monitoring system （CSMS） along Taiwan coast. The COMC （Coastal Ocean Monitoring Center in National Cheng Kung University） built the Taiwan coastal sea-state monitoring system, which is modern and self-sufficient, consisting of data buoy, pile station, tide station, coastal weather station, and radar monitoring station. To assure the data quality, Data Quality Check Procedure （DQCP） and Standard Operation Procedure （SOP） were developed by the COMC. In further data analysis and data implementation of the observation, this paper also introduces some new methods that make the data with much more promising uses. These methods include empirical mode decomposition （EMD） used for the analysis of storm surge water level, wavelet transform used for the analysis of wave characteristics from nearshore X-band radar images, and data assimilation technique applied in wave nowcast operation. The coastal sea-state monitoring system has a great potential in providing ocean information to serve the society.

The psychological teaching approach to basic foreign language teaching

Basic foreign language teaching for language majors plays a significant role in the process of foreign language teaching and is also a crucial stage in the training of foreign language talents. During the stage teachers should learn about students＇ learning motives and the beginners＇ psychological state to rouse students＇ interest and mobilize their initiatives so that students can change from passive learning to active learning. The teaching effects will thereby be substantially enhanced.

Spatial Process of Green Infrastructure Changes Associated with Rapid Urbanization in Shenzhen,China

Through a case study of Shenzhen City,China,this study focused on a quantitative method for analyzing the spatial processes involved in green infrastructure changes associated with rapid urbanization.Based on RS,GIS and SPSS statistics software,the approach includes selection of the square analysis units and representative landscape metrics,quantification of the change types of landscape metrics in all analysis units through two indices and hierarchical cluster analysis of the above analysis units with different landscape metric change types(i.e.spatial attributes).The analyses verify that there is a significant sequence of continuous changes in green infrastructure in Shenzhen.They are the perforation,the segmentation,the fragmentation,the evanescence and the filling-in processes,which have a good spatio-temporal correspondence with urbanization and reflect the synthetic influence of urban planning,government policies and landforms.Compared with other studies on quantifying the spatial pattern,this study provides an alternative probe into linking the spatial pattern to spatial processes and the corresponding ecological processes in the future.These spatio-temporal processes offer many opportunities for identifying,protecting and restoring key elements in an urban green infrastructure network for areas in the early stages of urbanization or for non-urbanized areas.

Review Article of Landscape Metrics Based on Remote Sensing Data

This article describes metrics in order to quantify landscape structure. Landscape metrics are offered and designed to be as versatile as possible using several programs. In this paper it is attempted to （a） collect all the metrics found in the literature, （b） classify them, and （c） evaluate them through their use. An extensive investigation of the literature has been performed. Small discussion of each metric is provided to its concept, definition, use, way of calculation and in some cases contribution to the sustainable development. The frequency of used papers per each index has been taken into account. The most used to the least used six metrics have the following order： Area/Density/Edge; Isolation Proximity; Diversity; Contagion Interspersion; Shape; Connectivity. Moreover, the frequency of used papers is divided into five groups, i.e. group A till group E. Concluding, it has been provided an explanation of the results regarding to the four indices of group A and two indices from the group B.

Research on basic characteristics of complex system brittleness

The goal of this paper is to research one new characteristic of complex system. Brittleness, which is one new characteritic of complex system, is presented in this paper. The linguistic and qualitative descriptions of complex system are also given in this paper. Otherwise, the qualitative description of complex system is presented at first. On the basis of analyzing the existing brittleness problems, linguistic description and mathematic description of brittleness are given as well. Three kinds of phenomena to judge brittleness of complex system are also given, based on catastrophe theory. Basic characteristics of brittleness are given on the basis of its mathematic description. Two critical point sets are defined by using catastrophe theory. The definition of brittleness and its related theory can serve the control of complex system, and provide theoretical basis for the design and control of complex system.

SMC-PHD based multi-target track-before-detect with nonstandard point observations model

Detection and tracking of multi-target with unknown and varying number is a challenging issue, especially under the condition of low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR). A modified multi-target track-before-detect(TBD) method was proposed to tackle this issue using a nonstandard point observation model. The method was developed from sequential Monte Carlo(SMC)-based probability hypothesis density(PHD) filter, and it was implemented by modifying the original calculation in update weights of the particles and by adopting an adaptive particle sampling strategy. To efficiently execute the SMC-PHD based TBD method, a fast implementation approach was also presented by partitioning the particles into multiple subsets according to their position coordinates in 2D resolution cells of the sensor. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method for time-varying multi-target tracking using raw observation data.

Energy poverty in Greek mountainous areas： a comparative study

The paper studied the energy poverty in the mountainous areas of Greece through parallel primary surveys, in comparison with the country-level conditions. The surveys are based on objective financial and expenditure data as well as on subjective views about housing conditions. The objective approach showed that mountainous areas of Greece are burdened with much higher energy expenditure while also having lower annual incomes. Under these circumstances, the energy poverty rate skyrocketed to73.5%. The subjective indicators reveal significant aspects of the problem, such as the intense problem of damp walls and mold growth at home or the restriction of other basic needs in order to cover heating needs. However, despite the proven high vulnerability of Greek mountainous areas, current energy policy actually ignores the special features of mountainous areas, implementing horizontal policies.Therefore, a specialized energy plan targeted to alleviating energy poverty in mountainous areas in Greece is an urgent imperative.

On the sensitive areas for targeted observations in ENSO forecasting

Using the outputs from CMCC-CM in CMIP5 experiments,the authors identified sensitive areas for targeted observations in ENSO forecasting from the perspective of the initial error growth(IEG)method and the particle filter(PF)method.Results showed that the PF targets areas over the central-eastern equatorial Pacific,while the sensitive areas determined by the IEG method are slightly to the east of the former.Although a small part of the areas targeted by the IEG method also lie in the southeast equatorial Pacific,this does not affect the large-scale overlapping of the sensitive areas determined by these two methods in the eastern equatorial Pacific.Therefore,sensitive areas determined by the two methods are mutually supportive.When considering the uncertainty of methods for determining sensitive areas in realistic targeted observation,it is more reasonable to choose the above overlapping areas as sensitive areas for ENSO forecasting.This result provides scientific guidance for how to better determine sensitive areas for ENSO forecasting.

A novel face recognition method with feature combination

A novel combined personalized feature framework is proposed for face recognition (FR). In the framework, the proposed linear discriminant analysis (LDA) makes use of the null space of the within-class scatter matrix effectively, and Global feature vectors (PCA-transformed) and local feature vectors (Gabor wavelet-transformed) are integrated by complex vectors as input feature of improved LDA. The proposed method is compared to other commonly used FR methods on two face databases (ORL and UMIST). Results demonstrated that the performance of the proposed method is superior to that of traditional FR ap- proaches