乐清湾记趣

乐清湾海面在冷暖海水的交汇处,除了大黄鱼、 带鱼、鲻鱼、乌贼、虾蟹等等还有58种贝类,60种 甲壳类动物,资源特别丰富。所以哪怕带你们二个 多小时转一圈也能打到鱼。 人人都说大海无风三尺浪,没出过海的人上船 打鱼最怕晕船,一呕吐什么玩的兴趣都没了。独独 我们乐清湾,既能看海景又能尝海鲜,还能保证你 风平浪静不晕船。

沈家门临海品鲜

沈家门夜排档坐落在著名的世界三大群众性渔港之一的沈家门渔港边,依山傍海,以观海景、尝海鲜、购海货为特色,与国家级风景名胜区普陀山、朱家尖以及金庸笔下的桃花岛隔海相望。每当夜幕降临,滨江路上人声鼎沸,夜排档摊位绵延里许,与渔火交相辉映,是十里渔港一道亮丽的风景线。

Gradient Analysis of Urbanization Pattern Based on Class-level Landscape Metrics for Shanghai Region

The spatial pattern of urbanization in the Shanghai metropolitan area is quantified with GIS-based land use data set and gradient analysis of landscape metrics. A number of landscape metrics were computed along a 64 Ion long and 6 km wide west-east transect and another 66 km long and 6 km wide south-north transect. The results of transect analysis with class-level metrics showed that the spatial pattern of urbanization could be reliably quantified using landscape metrics with a gradient analysis approach, and the location of the urbanization center could be identified precisely and consistently with multiple indices of the landscape metrics used in this study. Different land use types exhibited distinctive, but not necessarily unique, spatial signatures that were dependent on specific landscape metrics. These results seemed to characterize the urban core of the Shanghai metropolitan area rather accurately and precisely.. Agriculture patches were abundant and less fragmented; the urban land use types were extensive, having many small patches and highly fragmented.

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS AND FRACTAL MODELING ON THE MOSAIC STRUCTURE OF LANDSCAPE IN THE CENTRAL AREA OF SHANGHAI METROPOLIS

The mosaic structure of landscape of the central area of Shanghai Metropolis is studied by quantitative methods of landscape ecology based on Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) in this paper. Firstly, landscapes are classified into eight categories: residential quarter, industrial quarter, road, other urban landscape, farmland, village and small town, on-building area, river and other water bodies (such as lake, etc.). Secondly, a GIS is designed and set up based on the remote sensing data and field investigation, and a digital map of landscape mosaic is made. Then the indexes of diversity, dominance, fragmentation and isolation, and fractal dimension of each type of landscape in different periods are calculated by using spatial analysis method of GIS. With reference to the calculated results, a series of relative issues are discussed.

Development of the Marine Protected Areas Network for Restoration of the Degraded Underwater Landscapes of the Black Sea and Azov Sea

The paper is concerned with the development of a comprehensive methodology to establish a MPAs （marine protected areas） network in the Black Sea and Azov Sea region. Scientific basis to rationale establish that the MPAs network is a complex system of landscape zoning and mapping, defining their variability, sustainability, and geo-ecological condition, and taking into account evaluation of degradation of the underwater landscape over the past 100 years.

Classification system and structure analysis of marine cultural landscapes of China

Marine cultural landscapes are an important part of cultural landscapes,as a new kind of heritage.With reference to the classification of cultural landscapes,a three-level classification system,composed of the marine cultural landscape type,the marine cultural landscape subtype and the marine cultural landscape model was constructed in this study,based on the spatial and regional characteristics of marine history and culture.By the analysis of the effects of natural and humanity factors on the formation of marine cultural landscapes,the system structure of the marine cultural landscapes was divided into three major parts:the physical foundation,the marked material and the recessive material.

Spatial-temporal characteristics of flat reclamation in Zhejiang Province,China in the past 20 years

Over the past several decades,large scale of tidal flat reclamation developed fast along the Chinese coastline.Tidal flat reclamation can earn profits for local economy but also produce significant negative influences on marine ecosystems.By using relative indexes of landscape science,this article makes quantitative research on reclamation indexes of Zhejiang Province,China from1990to2000in a macro-region perspective,and the results shows that:(1)within20years,the total area of reclamation in Zhejiang Province had reached108760ha,and the reclamation area of Ningbo city was the largest while Jiaxing city is the smallest;(2)the patch area,quantity,density and variable coefficients of all types of lands were markedly different,and lands in different regions also differed distinctly;(3)average form index and fragmentation index of patch of lands of different types and functions were positively correlated,and the indexes of Taizhou city and Ningbo city were relatively high while Jiaxing city and Shaoxing city were lower;(4)under the influence of factors like topographic conditions,develop needs,human activities and so on,the degree of aggregation of the types of reclamation was relatively high;(5)because of the differences in reclamation area,coast length,land type and so on,the average intensity index and diversity index of the all coastal cities were different distinctly.

Relationships Between River Water Quality and Landscape Factors in Haihe River Basin, China: Implications for Environmental Management

River water plays a key role in human health, and in social and economic development, and is often affected by both natural factors and human activities. An in-depth understanding of the role of these factors can help in developing an effective catchment management strategy to protect precious water resources. This study analyzed river water quality, patterns of terrestrial and riparian ecosystems, intensity of agricultural activities, industrial structure, and spatial distribution of pollutant emissions in the Haihe River Basin in China for the year of 2010, identifying the variables that have the greatest impact on river water quality. The area percentage of farmland in study area, the percentage of natural vegetation cover in the 1000-m riparian zone, rural population density, industrial Gross Domestic Product(GDP)/km^2, and industrial amino nitrogen emissions were all significantly correlated with river water quality(P < 0.05). Farming had the largest impact on river water quality, explaining 43.0% of the water quality variance, followed by the coverage of natural vegetation in the 1000-m riparian zone, which explained 36.2% of the water quality variance. Industrial amino nitrogen emissions intensity and rural population density explained 31.6% and 31.4% of the water quality variance, respectively, while industrial GDP/km^2 explained 26.6%. Together, these five indicators explained 67.3% of the total variance in water quality. Consequently, water environmental management of the Haihe River Basin should focus on adjusting agricultural activities, conserving riparian vegetation, and reducing industrial pollutant emissions by optimizing industrial structure. The results demonstrate how human activities drive the spatial pattern changes of river water quality, and they can provide reference for developing land use guidelines and for prioritizing management practices to maintain stream water quality in a large river basin.

Drowned Early Mesolithic Landscapes on the Baltic Sea Bed in the Lithuanian Waters

This paper presents underwater relict forest fossil and ancient coast formation exploration results in the eastern Baltic Sea. Tree fossils and sediment layers discovered in the sea-bed were dated with 14^C along with palynological and dendrological analysis. Based on the obtained data, a fragment of submerged early Holocene landscape, coastline of the Yoldia Sea and Ancylus Lake has been reconstructed. The research data determine that vegetation and natural conditions of the Yoldia Sea coastal were favourable for Early Mesolithic communities. Well-preserved relict pine forest dates are also crucial to Baltic Sea water level dynamics analysis during the period： end of Yoldia Sea-Ancylus Lake.

Navigating the currents of seascape genomics： how spatial analyses can augment population genomic studies

Population genomic approaches are making rapid inroads in the study of non-model organisms, including marine taxa. To date, these marine studies have predominantly focused on rudimentary metrics describing the spatial and environmental context of their study region （e.g., geographical distance, average sea surface temperature, average salinity）. We contend that a more nuanced and considered approach to quantifying seascape dynamics and patterns can strengthen population genomic investigations and help identify spatial, temporal, and environmental factors associated with differing selective regimes or demographic histories. Nevertheless, approaches for quantifying marine landscapes are complicated. Characteristic features of the marine environment, including pelagic living in flowing water （experienced by most marine taxa at some point in their life cycle）, require a well-designed spatial-temporal sampling strategy and analysis. Many genetic summary statistics used to describe populations may be inappropriate for marine species with large population sizes, large species ranges, stochastic recruitment, and asymmetrical gene flow. Finally, statistical approaches for testing associations between seascapes and population genomic patterns are still maturing with no single approach able to capture all relevant considerations. None of these issues are completely unique to marine systems and therefore similar issues and solutions will be shared for many organisms regardless of habitat. Here, we outline goals and spatial approaches for land- scape genomics with an emphasis on marine systems and review the growing empirical literature on seascape genomics. We review established tools and approaches and highlight promising new strategies to overcome select issues including a strategy to spatially optimize sampling. Despite the many challenges, we argue that marine systems may be especially well suited for identifying candidate genomic regions under environmentally mediated selection and that seascape genomic approaches are especially useful for identifying robust locus-by-environment associations.

Noto Peninsula after GIAHS Designation: Conservation and Revitalization Efforts of Noto's Satoyama and Satoumi

The “Noto’sSatoyama andSatoumi” in Noto Peninsula of Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan is a system of Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes （SEPLS） mosaics interconnected with highly productive coastal areas that have been formed and maintained through long-term human inlfuence, which supports not only its diverse and traditional agriculture, forestry and ifsheries, but also sustains local livelihoods and conserves its lfourishing biodiversity. Since the designation of Noto as Globaly Important Agricultural Heritage Systems （GIAHS） in 2011, there have been active developments of conservation and revitalization efforts amongst the local gov-ernments, and communities, as well as pouring interest from the academia, international community and private sector. The paper wil discuss the developments of Noto’s GIAHS through examining several case studies of recent conservation and revitalization efforts of new initiatives and those building on existing schemes. The report wil be based on literature reviews, interviews with and information provided by Ishikawa Prefectural Government and ifeld surveys conducted. It is found that modest but steady steps are being taken in conservation of GIAHS and Noto is taking an active role contributing to the GIAHS initiative.

Annoying neighbors： Multi-scale distribution determinants of two sympatric sibling species of birds

We tested the role of interspecific competition in driving species distribution at multiple spatial scales using two sibl- ing species of Galerida larks （G cristata and G. theklae） in Morocco （sympatry）, Balearic islands （G theklae only） and Israel （G cristata only）. We first investigated regional-scale determinants by contrasting allopatric versus sympatric patterns in five distinct habitat types. We next focused on a single habitat used by both species, the coastal sand dunes. Dune quadrats were established along the Moroccan coast and completed by a quadrat in the nearest distinct landscape habitat. Poisson regressions were used to model Galerida counts together with ecological predictors as concerns the climate, topography, vegetation structure and soil gra- nulometry. At the local scale, both species preferred grey dunes over white sand dunes, and both were negatively affected by the abundance of the congeneric species in the dune. However, we found that G theklae tended to replace G. cristata in more arid sand dunes, even if the transition was not strictly clinal. Instead, the transition occurred when the surrounding landscape changed from coastal wetlands to bathas （grasslands with shrubs）, highlighting the importance of habitat composition at the landscape scale. The fact that G cristata used bathas in allopatry, but not in sympatry, suggested that the competitive environment contri- buted to determine sand dune occupancy. We suggest that landscape-level effects may be pivotal in explaining species distribu- tion not only at the local scale, by affecting the pool of potential immigrants, but also at the regional scale, by contributing to species＇ range limit [Current Zoology 61 （1）： 10-22, 2015].