A generalized Drinfel＇d Sokolov-Wilson （DSW） equation and its Lax pair are proposed. A Daorboux transformation for the generalized DSW equation is constructed with the help of the gauge transformation between spect...A generalized Drinfel＇d Sokolov-Wilson （DSW） equation and its Lax pair are proposed. A Daorboux transformation for the generalized DSW equation is constructed with the help of the gauge transformation between spectral problems, from which a Darboux transformation for the DSW equation is obtained through a reduction technique. As an application of the Darboux transformations, we give some explicit solutions of the generalized DSW equation and DEW equation such as rational solutions, soliton solutions, periodic solutions.展开更多
Tunneling is to describe transfer resource out of the firm for benefit of their controlling shareholders. Better legal protection and stronger social norms improve minority shareholders＇ protection from expropriation...Tunneling is to describe transfer resource out of the firm for benefit of their controlling shareholders. Better legal protection and stronger social norms improve minority shareholders＇ protection from expropriation. They consequently reduce the private benefits of controlling shareholders （La Porta, 1999）. This study aims to investigate tunneling in the context merger and acquisition （M＆A） and to examine whether tunneling occurs only in emerging markets with poor law enforcement or whether it also occurs in developed countries. This study documents that managers are more likely to overpay target in merger and acquisition with high overlapped owner which have stakes in bidder and target firm. That overpayment, a transfer of wealth from owners of bidder＇s firm to overlapping owners, is a type of tunneling. This study concludes that tunneling occurs in nations not only with low investor protection, but also with high investor protection.展开更多
The Bauls or the fakirs of Bengal have been unacknowledged prophets even a century back, till the recent interest now in their music, philosophy, and performance. The Bauls do not revere class/caste/religious divides ...The Bauls or the fakirs of Bengal have been unacknowledged prophets even a century back, till the recent interest now in their music, philosophy, and performance. The Bauls do not revere class/caste/religious divides and often flout the norms of the society by their divine madness. Etymologically, the word derives from Sanskrit, ＂vatula＂ （meaning one who is affected by the wind disease or is mad）, or ＂vyakula＂ （meaning restless or disordered）. In recent years however, Bauls have been recognized as a religious sect, yet the connotation of madness still clings to their reputation. This paper is going to discuss briefly how the Baul tradition developed in Bengal and then focus on the Baul philosophy in the Baul-gan texts and on their musical appeal. Many of the Baul-gans have had profound influence on other forms of music. Closely associated with the Baul sangeet is the Bhatiali music whose rhythm, has often won the hearts of many classical musicians. Often times the classical musicians have been found to render the ektatra or dotara sounds in their improvisations. Rabindranath Tagore too has used some of the Baul maestro, Lalon Fakir＇s lyrics, philosophy as well as music in many of his songs. More recently, Baul songs have been rendered through fusion bands or experimental music.展开更多
The article presents the legal and economic issues connected with the formation and operation of Polish agricultural cooperatives. Additionally, it shows a brief history of cooperative development on Polish lands and ...The article presents the legal and economic issues connected with the formation and operation of Polish agricultural cooperatives. Additionally, it shows a brief history of cooperative development on Polish lands and statistical data on agriculture and cooperatives. Most attention is given to dairy cooperatives, cooperative groups of agricultural producers and agricultural production cooperatives. These types of cooperatives are the most popular in Polish agriculture. The fundamental law regulating the issue of cooperatives in Poland is the Cooperative Law Act of September 16, 1982. Other laws, however, also have a big influence on the business activity of agricultural cooperatives, especially the EU legal regulations. Poland membership in the European Union has created new possibilities of development for the cooperative movement.展开更多
According to Psychological theories of motivation, sexuality is a biological need which urges to satisfy sexual desire. Though it is not essential for the survival of an individual, it plays a major role in the growth...According to Psychological theories of motivation, sexuality is a biological need which urges to satisfy sexual desire. Though it is not essential for the survival of an individual, it plays a major role in the growth, development, adjustment and well-being. Therefore, sexuality is a common aspect in the existence and it should not be neglected. However, in many religious ethical issues, sexuality had been treated negatively and identified as a barrier for an advanced spiritual life. Even in tribal societies there were some sexual taboos that controlled man＇s sexual behavior to some extent. Among religious ethical codes, one may find that it had been placed an important position for controlling or completely eliminating sexual behaviors. In modem world, what is evident is that this so called sexual need has been used for many commercial and marketing purposes. Even in advertising field, sexual desire of man is used as a mean of attracting public. Phonograph has become a very profitable illegal professional today. Sexual medicines, drugs and tools are available everywhere in the society. Though sexual education had been included into the curriculum in schools and higher education institutions, the awareness of sexuality among people seems to be in a low level. While biologically man is compelled to fulfill sexual desire internally, it is motivated externally by many social factors. So that not only misconceptions of sexuality, but also misbehaviors of sexuality can be observed in the society today. By examining these current situations of man＇s sexual behaviors, there is a big need to formulate a sexual ethical code--a code of law with the help of religious teachings. Otherwise these various sexual behaviors may create more and more social and world problems. In this paper, my aim is to examine Buddhist ethics in order to formulate a sexual ethical code.展开更多
In countries with long histories, traditional culture plays an essential role in shaping social norms and influencing contemporary development. Confucianism, one of the world＇s oldest philosophies, justified the legi...In countries with long histories, traditional culture plays an essential role in shaping social norms and influencing contemporary development. Confucianism, one of the world＇s oldest philosophies, justified the legitimacy of imperial China for about two thousand years but was attacked from the late Qing to the end of the Cultural Revolution. Ever since Deng Xiao-ping＇s economic reform, the Communist Party of China＇s legitimacy has been undermined, so the CPC has been facing a legitimacy crisis. The New Confucianism Movement has encouraged many scholars and officials to integrate a Sinolized Marxism and Confucianism dynamic for the CPC to employ as a legitimacy tool. This paper argues that Confucianism can help the CPC relegitimize its rule in China by using nationalism to strengthen traditional legitimacy and political, economic, and diplomatic development to increase its performance legitimacy.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10871182Innovation Scientists and Technicians Troop Construction Projects of Henan Province
文摘A generalized Drinfel＇d Sokolov-Wilson （DSW） equation and its Lax pair are proposed. A Daorboux transformation for the generalized DSW equation is constructed with the help of the gauge transformation between spectral problems, from which a Darboux transformation for the DSW equation is obtained through a reduction technique. As an application of the Darboux transformations, we give some explicit solutions of the generalized DSW equation and DEW equation such as rational solutions, soliton solutions, periodic solutions.
文摘Tunneling is to describe transfer resource out of the firm for benefit of their controlling shareholders. Better legal protection and stronger social norms improve minority shareholders＇ protection from expropriation. They consequently reduce the private benefits of controlling shareholders （La Porta, 1999）. This study aims to investigate tunneling in the context merger and acquisition （M＆A） and to examine whether tunneling occurs only in emerging markets with poor law enforcement or whether it also occurs in developed countries. This study documents that managers are more likely to overpay target in merger and acquisition with high overlapped owner which have stakes in bidder and target firm. That overpayment, a transfer of wealth from owners of bidder＇s firm to overlapping owners, is a type of tunneling. This study concludes that tunneling occurs in nations not only with low investor protection, but also with high investor protection.
文摘The Bauls or the fakirs of Bengal have been unacknowledged prophets even a century back, till the recent interest now in their music, philosophy, and performance. The Bauls do not revere class/caste/religious divides and often flout the norms of the society by their divine madness. Etymologically, the word derives from Sanskrit, ＂vatula＂ （meaning one who is affected by the wind disease or is mad）, or ＂vyakula＂ （meaning restless or disordered）. In recent years however, Bauls have been recognized as a religious sect, yet the connotation of madness still clings to their reputation. This paper is going to discuss briefly how the Baul tradition developed in Bengal and then focus on the Baul philosophy in the Baul-gan texts and on their musical appeal. Many of the Baul-gans have had profound influence on other forms of music. Closely associated with the Baul sangeet is the Bhatiali music whose rhythm, has often won the hearts of many classical musicians. Often times the classical musicians have been found to render the ektatra or dotara sounds in their improvisations. Rabindranath Tagore too has used some of the Baul maestro, Lalon Fakir＇s lyrics, philosophy as well as music in many of his songs. More recently, Baul songs have been rendered through fusion bands or experimental music.
文摘The article presents the legal and economic issues connected with the formation and operation of Polish agricultural cooperatives. Additionally, it shows a brief history of cooperative development on Polish lands and statistical data on agriculture and cooperatives. Most attention is given to dairy cooperatives, cooperative groups of agricultural producers and agricultural production cooperatives. These types of cooperatives are the most popular in Polish agriculture. The fundamental law regulating the issue of cooperatives in Poland is the Cooperative Law Act of September 16, 1982. Other laws, however, also have a big influence on the business activity of agricultural cooperatives, especially the EU legal regulations. Poland membership in the European Union has created new possibilities of development for the cooperative movement.
文摘According to Psychological theories of motivation, sexuality is a biological need which urges to satisfy sexual desire. Though it is not essential for the survival of an individual, it plays a major role in the growth, development, adjustment and well-being. Therefore, sexuality is a common aspect in the existence and it should not be neglected. However, in many religious ethical issues, sexuality had been treated negatively and identified as a barrier for an advanced spiritual life. Even in tribal societies there were some sexual taboos that controlled man＇s sexual behavior to some extent. Among religious ethical codes, one may find that it had been placed an important position for controlling or completely eliminating sexual behaviors. In modem world, what is evident is that this so called sexual need has been used for many commercial and marketing purposes. Even in advertising field, sexual desire of man is used as a mean of attracting public. Phonograph has become a very profitable illegal professional today. Sexual medicines, drugs and tools are available everywhere in the society. Though sexual education had been included into the curriculum in schools and higher education institutions, the awareness of sexuality among people seems to be in a low level. While biologically man is compelled to fulfill sexual desire internally, it is motivated externally by many social factors. So that not only misconceptions of sexuality, but also misbehaviors of sexuality can be observed in the society today. By examining these current situations of man＇s sexual behaviors, there is a big need to formulate a sexual ethical code--a code of law with the help of religious teachings. Otherwise these various sexual behaviors may create more and more social and world problems. In this paper, my aim is to examine Buddhist ethics in order to formulate a sexual ethical code.
文摘In countries with long histories, traditional culture plays an essential role in shaping social norms and influencing contemporary development. Confucianism, one of the world＇s oldest philosophies, justified the legitimacy of imperial China for about two thousand years but was attacked from the late Qing to the end of the Cultural Revolution. Ever since Deng Xiao-ping＇s economic reform, the Communist Party of China＇s legitimacy has been undermined, so the CPC has been facing a legitimacy crisis. The New Confucianism Movement has encouraged many scholars and officials to integrate a Sinolized Marxism and Confucianism dynamic for the CPC to employ as a legitimacy tool. This paper argues that Confucianism can help the CPC relegitimize its rule in China by using nationalism to strengthen traditional legitimacy and political, economic, and diplomatic development to increase its performance legitimacy.
