人类说明和预测其他人行动的能力得到高度发展,被认为在他们的认知行为中扮演着重要的角色。但是,没有直接证据证明这种能力给予感知觉加工切实的好处。Dennis M Levi(2006)等的定量行为实验证明人类施动者的视觉分辨率受到二级施动者...人类说明和预测其他人行动的能力得到高度发展,被认为在他们的认知行为中扮演着重要的角色。但是,没有直接证据证明这种能力给予感知觉加工切实的好处。Dennis M Levi(2006)等的定量行为实验证明人类施动者的视觉分辨率受到二级施动者存在的影响。这种影响依赖于这两个施动者在一个有意义的同步方式中是否相互作用,允许一个施动者的行为作为另一个施动者预期行为的预报者,即使同步对于视觉区分任务不是相关的。Levi(2006)等的结果证明行为理解对人类从其他人的行为中吸取视觉信息的能力有深远的影响,为感知觉执行的重要性提供定量的证据。根据Dennis M Levi(2006)等的研究,提出了一种新的模型——动作视觉模型,以解释施动者间动作行为的交互作用,以及在此过程中对方视觉分辨率的增强。在有限的视觉信息中,人类视觉系统依赖于两个施动者间语义的交互作用以找回每个施动者个体的相关信息。暗示了在动作视觉模型中,人类的语义加工能力存在关键期和可塑性。在上颞复合感知领域的个体神经元位于上颞沟(STS),选择性地对身体运动比如步行作出反应。最近应用功能性磁共振成像技术(fMRI)测量猴子皮层,揭示伴随延伸到下颞皮层的整个STS的行为选择性反应。人类STS涉及动作加工和由简单的几何模型引起的视觉感知的选择性反应。有确凿的证据证明身体行为的感知,就像脸部的感知一样,会唤起细槽视皮层内一致而有选择性的神经活动模式。其他人的身体和脸部都暗示了他们的特性、情绪、动机、年龄和性别。展开更多
An object learning and recognition system is implemented for humanoid robots to discover and memorize objects only by simple interactions with non-expert users. When the object is presented, the system makes use of th...An object learning and recognition system is implemented for humanoid robots to discover and memorize objects only by simple interactions with non-expert users. When the object is presented, the system makes use of the motion information over consecutive frames to extract object features and implements machine learning based on the bag of visual words approach. Instead of using a local feature descriptor only, the proposed system uses the co-occurring local features in order to increase feature discriminative power for both object model learning and inference stages. For different objects with different textures, a hybrid sampling strategy is considered. This hybrid approach minimizes the consumption of computation resources and helps achieving good performances demonstrated on a set of a dozen different daily objects.展开更多
Objective： To investigate the electrophysiological mechanism of acupuncture for the visual cortex plasticity during the sensitive period.Methods： Fifty 2-week-old Wistar rats were randomly divided into a blank contr...Objective： To investigate the electrophysiological mechanism of acupuncture for the visual cortex plasticity during the sensitive period.Methods： Fifty 2-week-old Wistar rats were randomly divided into a blank control group, a model group, an early-stage acupuncture group, a middle-stage acupuncture group and a late-stage acupuncture group, 10 rats in each group.Monocular deprivation amblyopia models were prepared in rats except those in the blank control group by unilateral eyelid suture. After successful modeling, no treatment was applied to the rats in the model group. Rats in each acupuncture group were treated with acupuncture at bilateral Jingming（BL 1）, Cuanzhu（BL 2）, Fengchi（GB 20） and Guangming（GB 37）, started from the 3rd day, 12 th day or 21 st day after modeling separately, once a day, for a total of 9 d treatment. The neuronal discharge frequency and action potential inter-spike interval（ISI） in the rat visual cortex area 17 of each group were measured by multi-channel microelectrode array nerve signal technique.Results： The discharge number of neurons in the visual cortex of the model group was significantly lower than that in the blank control group（P〈0.05）. After treatment, the discharge numbers in the early-stage acupuncture group and the middle-stage acupuncture group were significantly higher than that in the model group（P〈0.05）. There was no significant difference in the discharge numbers between the late-stage acupuncture group and the model group（P〉0.05）. The discharge number in the middle-stage acupuncture group was lower than that in the early-stage acupuncture group（P〈0.05）, and the discharge number of the late-stage acupuncture group was lower than that in the middle-stage acupuncture group（P〈0.05）. The ISI sequences of the visual cortex neurons were mainly distributed under 0.3 s in the blank control group, under 15 s in the model group, under 1 s in the early-stage acupuncture group, under 4 s in the middle-stage acupuncture group, and under 10 s in the late-stage acupuncture group, divergent in each group.Conclusion： The neuronal coding appears abnormality in the visual cortex area 17 of monocular deprivation rats, indicating that there is a plasticity change in the visual cortex neurons during the sensitive period. Acupuncture has a significant effect on the abnormal neural coding. The therapeutic efficacy is closely related to the stage to start the treatment. Early stage treatment in the sensitive period is the key to achieving the good efficacy.展开更多
文摘人类说明和预测其他人行动的能力得到高度发展,被认为在他们的认知行为中扮演着重要的角色。但是,没有直接证据证明这种能力给予感知觉加工切实的好处。Dennis M Levi(2006)等的定量行为实验证明人类施动者的视觉分辨率受到二级施动者存在的影响。这种影响依赖于这两个施动者在一个有意义的同步方式中是否相互作用,允许一个施动者的行为作为另一个施动者预期行为的预报者,即使同步对于视觉区分任务不是相关的。Levi(2006)等的结果证明行为理解对人类从其他人的行为中吸取视觉信息的能力有深远的影响,为感知觉执行的重要性提供定量的证据。根据Dennis M Levi(2006)等的研究,提出了一种新的模型——动作视觉模型,以解释施动者间动作行为的交互作用,以及在此过程中对方视觉分辨率的增强。在有限的视觉信息中,人类视觉系统依赖于两个施动者间语义的交互作用以找回每个施动者个体的相关信息。暗示了在动作视觉模型中,人类的语义加工能力存在关键期和可塑性。在上颞复合感知领域的个体神经元位于上颞沟(STS),选择性地对身体运动比如步行作出反应。最近应用功能性磁共振成像技术(fMRI)测量猴子皮层,揭示伴随延伸到下颞皮层的整个STS的行为选择性反应。人类STS涉及动作加工和由简单的几何模型引起的视觉感知的选择性反应。有确凿的证据证明身体行为的感知,就像脸部的感知一样,会唤起细槽视皮层内一致而有选择性的神经活动模式。其他人的身体和脸部都暗示了他们的特性、情绪、动机、年龄和性别。
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60672094,60971098)
文摘An object learning and recognition system is implemented for humanoid robots to discover and memorize objects only by simple interactions with non-expert users. When the object is presented, the system makes use of the motion information over consecutive frames to extract object features and implements machine learning based on the bag of visual words approach. Instead of using a local feature descriptor only, the proposed system uses the co-occurring local features in order to increase feature discriminative power for both object model learning and inference stages. For different objects with different textures, a hybrid sampling strategy is considered. This hybrid approach minimizes the consumption of computation resources and helps achieving good performances demonstrated on a set of a dozen different daily objects.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81260560~~
文摘Objective： To investigate the electrophysiological mechanism of acupuncture for the visual cortex plasticity during the sensitive period.Methods： Fifty 2-week-old Wistar rats were randomly divided into a blank control group, a model group, an early-stage acupuncture group, a middle-stage acupuncture group and a late-stage acupuncture group, 10 rats in each group.Monocular deprivation amblyopia models were prepared in rats except those in the blank control group by unilateral eyelid suture. After successful modeling, no treatment was applied to the rats in the model group. Rats in each acupuncture group were treated with acupuncture at bilateral Jingming（BL 1）, Cuanzhu（BL 2）, Fengchi（GB 20） and Guangming（GB 37）, started from the 3rd day, 12 th day or 21 st day after modeling separately, once a day, for a total of 9 d treatment. The neuronal discharge frequency and action potential inter-spike interval（ISI） in the rat visual cortex area 17 of each group were measured by multi-channel microelectrode array nerve signal technique.Results： The discharge number of neurons in the visual cortex of the model group was significantly lower than that in the blank control group（P〈0.05）. After treatment, the discharge numbers in the early-stage acupuncture group and the middle-stage acupuncture group were significantly higher than that in the model group（P〈0.05）. There was no significant difference in the discharge numbers between the late-stage acupuncture group and the model group（P〉0.05）. The discharge number in the middle-stage acupuncture group was lower than that in the early-stage acupuncture group（P〈0.05）, and the discharge number of the late-stage acupuncture group was lower than that in the middle-stage acupuncture group（P〈0.05）. The ISI sequences of the visual cortex neurons were mainly distributed under 0.3 s in the blank control group, under 15 s in the model group, under 1 s in the early-stage acupuncture group, under 4 s in the middle-stage acupuncture group, and under 10 s in the late-stage acupuncture group, divergent in each group.Conclusion： The neuronal coding appears abnormality in the visual cortex area 17 of monocular deprivation rats, indicating that there is a plasticity change in the visual cortex neurons during the sensitive period. Acupuncture has a significant effect on the abnormal neural coding. The therapeutic efficacy is closely related to the stage to start the treatment. Early stage treatment in the sensitive period is the key to achieving the good efficacy.
