景观视觉模拟评价的研究进展及在城市园林景观中的应用

在诸多景观建设领域中,景观视觉模拟已成为景观建设前期的方案设计规划、方案的交流与评价的有效媒介。本文回顾了景观视觉模拟的研究领域与研究进展,讨论了目前应用现状。在此基础上,讨论了景观视觉模拟评价的发展及在城市园林景观中的应用及研究展望。

视觉模拟评分法联合疼痛相关因子评估不同正畸力对人活体牙髓的影响

目的:研究视觉模拟评分法(visual analog scales,VAS)联合疼痛相关因子肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-alpha,TNF-α)、白细胞介素8(interleukin 8,IL-8)、白细胞介素6(interleukin-6,IL-6)和白细胞介素1β(interleukin-1 beta,IL-1β),评估不同正畸力对人牙髓的影响。方法:收集2014年1月—2015年4月在泉州市第一医院口腔科拔除上颌单侧第一前磨牙进行固定矫治的患者156例,随机分为4组,即对照组(42例)、100 g力组(40例)、150 g力组(39例)和200 g力组(35例)。施力后和拔除前,采用VAS评价法记录患者正畸力后的疼痛程度,治疗后1周的牙髓病理改变及牙髓组织中TNF-α、IL-8、IL-6和IL-1β的表达。采用SPSS 13.0软件包对计量资料进行组间方差分析,牙髓病理改变等级资料进行秩和检验。结果:除对照组外,所有组别施力后1~7 d均有疼痛,3~5 d达到高峰,10 d时疼痛消失,且随施力的增大,VAS也增大(P<0.05);除对照组外,所有组别施力后1~2周,牙髓组织中TNF-α、IL-8、IL-6和IL-1β高表达(P<0.05),随施力的增大,TNF-α、IL-8、IL-6和IL-1β表达增高(P<0.05);施力后3~4周,所有组别牙髓组织中TNF-α、IL-8、IL-6和IL-1β的表达恢复正常状态(P>0.05)。除对照组外,所有组别施力后1周,牙髓组织血管明显增多、增粗,偶见淤血;成牙本质细胞核增大、核染色质及胞质嗜碱性染色增强,部分成牙本质细胞空泡变性,牙髓中央的结缔组织水肿,随着施力的增加,上述病变越来越明显。结论:持续施力越大,可引起疼痛、牙髓疼痛因子和病理改变加重,3周后恢复正常。

“短杠杆微调手法”治疗颈椎间盘突出症的临床观察

目的探讨短杠杆微调手法治疗颈椎间盘突出症的疗效和机理。方法对46例颈椎间盘突出症患者采用该手法治疗,每周2次,疗程1个月。结果短杠杆微调手法治疗颈椎间盘突出症总有效率93.5%,它可以显著降低患者的疼痛分数。结论提示该手法是治疗颈椎间盘突出症有效方法;纠正颈椎生理曲度异常,恢复颈椎的内在平衡,改善神经、脊髓的血供和张力异常,减轻神经、脊髓刺激是其可能的作用机理。

膝骨关节炎患者血清细胞因子样蛋白1水平变化及临床意义

目的分析原发性膝骨关节炎(KOA)患者血清细胞因子样蛋白1(CYTL-1)水平变化及临床意义。方法选取2016年2月至2021年10月收治的122例KOA患者(KOA组)和165例健康志愿者(对照组)。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测2组血清CYTL-1水平以及KOA患者滑液CYTL-1水平。采用视觉模拟数字评价量表(VAS)评分及西大略湖麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数(WOMAC)评估KOA患者的疼痛程度及身体残疾程度。比较KOA患者血清CYTL-1水平与临床病理特征的关系。结果KOA组血清CYTL-1水平(169.10 ng·mL^(-1))低于对照组(316.11 ng·mL^(-1))(P<0.001)。血清CYTL-1水平降低是KOA发生的独立危险因素(β=-0.013,P<0.001)。血清CYTL-1水平与滑液CYTL-1水平呈正相关(r_(S)=0.521、β=0.243,P<0.001)。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线显示,血清CYTL-1用于KOA诊断的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.834(95%CI:0.787~0.881)。Spearman秩相关分析和多元线性回归分析显示,KOA患者血清CYTL-1水平与WOMAC总评分、VAS评分呈负相关(r_(S)=-0.455、β=-0.373,r_(S)=-0.421、β=-0.218;P<0.05)。血清CYTL-1水平诊断KOA患者重度疼痛或中重度残疾的ROC曲线AUC分别为0.774(95%CI:0.685~0.863)、0.704(95%CI:0.602~0.791)。较血清CYTL-1水平≥169.10 ng·mL^(-1)患者,<169.10 ng·mL^(-1)患者的Kellgren-Lawrence分级为4级(78.79%比21.21%)、软骨缺损评分≥22.67分(70.18%比29.82%)以及站起-走计时测试秒数≥5.95 s(60.66%比39.34%)的占比均更高(P<0.05)。结论KOA患者血清CYTL-1水平降低与疾病发生和进展密切相关,有望成为KOA诊断和治疗的候选分子。

Smartclip自锁托槽矫治技术对正畸治疗初戴疼痛的影响

目的比较Smartclip自锁托槽矫治技术与传统固定矫治技术对正畸治疗患者初戴疼痛影响的差异。方法选择2016年1月至2018年2月于佛山市禅城区人民医院就诊且采用传统固定正畸治疗的44例患者作为对照组,采用Smartclip自锁托槽矫治技术治疗的32例患者作为观察组,以结合视觉模拟评价量表评价并比较两组患者弓丝入槽后0 h、2 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、2 d、3 d、4 d、5 d、6 d和7 d等11个时间点的疼痛程度。结果观察组初戴疼痛发生率为90.6%,对照组初戴疼痛发生率为88.6%,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组与对照组患者均在矫治后第2天达到疼痛峰值,在6 h、12 h、24 h、2 d四个时间点,观察组患者的疼痛程度均小于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 Smartclip自锁托槽矫治器在初戴时产生的疼痛较传统固定矫治器轻,疼痛程度在第2天之后开始缓解。

Effect of Yi Jin Jing(Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises) plus tuina on scapulohumeral periarthritis

Objective： To investigate the effect of Yi Jin Jing（Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises） plus tuina on scapulohumeral periarthritis（SP）.Methods： A total of 30 cases with SP were randomized into an observation group and a control group. Those in the observation group practiced Yi Jin Jing（Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises） plus tuina therapy; whereas those in the control group received only tuina therapy. Tuina therapy was conducted every other day, 20 min every time for 1 month and Yi Jin Jing（Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises） was conducted once a day for 1 month. The therapeutic effects were assessed by visual analogue scale（VAS） and Constant-Murley scale.Results： After treatment, the VAS score and Constant-Murley scale were substantially improved, showing statistical significances（P〈0.01）; the Constant-Murley scale in the observation group was better than that in the control group,showing a statistical significance（P〈0.01）; the effective rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, between-group comparison showed a statistical significance（P〈0.01）.Conclusion： Yi Jin Jing（Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises） plus tuina and tuina alone have a verified effect in treating SP,and the former can achieve a better effect than the later.

Therapeutic effect of warm needling plus acupoint sticking therapy on primary dysmenorrhea due to cold-dampness retention

Objective： To observe the clinical efficacy of warm needling plus acupoint sticking therapy for primary dysmenorrhea. Methods： A total of 60 eligible cases were randomly allocated into a treatment group （n=30） and a control group （n=30） according to their sequence of consultation. Patients in the treatment group were treated with warm needling combined with acupoint sticking therapy, whereas patients in the control group were treated with oral Ibuprofen （Fenbid） capsules. After two menstrual cycles, the visual analogue scale （VAS） score, COX menstrual symptom scale （CMSS） and clinical efficacy were compared between the two groups. Results： After treatment, the VAS and CMSS scores were significantly reduced in both groups, indicating that both treatment protocols can remarkably alleviate pain. There was a between-group statistical difference in comparing the CMSS score （P〈0.05）, but no between-group statistical difference in the VAS score （P〉0.05）. However, the follow-up visit showed between-group statistical differences in comparing VOA and CMSS scores （both P〈0.01）. The clinical effect, relapse rate and long-term efficacy in the treatment group were better than those in the control group. Conclusion： Warm needling plus acupoint sticking therapy is a simple but effective therapy for primary dysmenorrhea. In addition, it causes fewer cases with relapse.

Clinical observation of three-step modified shoulder joint mobilization for scapulohumeral periarthritis

Objective： To observe the clinical efficacy of the three-step modified shoulder joint mobilization in treating scapulohumeral periarthritis（SP）. Methods： Totally 80 subjects were recruited and divided into a treatment group and a control group by using the random number table, 40 in each group. The treatment group was intervened by the three-step modified shoulder joint mobilization; the control group was by oral administration of Celebrex. After successive 4-week treatment, the improvement of shoulder pain and motor function was observed. Results： The total effective rate was 87.5% in the treatment group versus 80.0% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.05）. Conclusion： The three-step modified shoulder joint mobilization is easy-to-operate and effective in treating SP.

Evaluation of anti-aphthous activity of decoction of Nicotiana tabacum leaves as a mouthwash： a placebo-controlled clinical study

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of decoction derived from the leaves of Nicotiana tabacum(L.)as a mouthwash on minor recurrent aphthous.METHODS: A randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 60 patients with minor recurrent aphthous. Treatment comprised of application of tobacco or placebo mouthwash(10 m L 3 times a day) for 5 days. Clinical evaluation included pain level using a visual analog scale and ulcer size on days 1, 3, and 5 were measured. Adverse effects after mouthwash application were recorded, and the oral mucosa was examined by the investigator at each visit.RESULTS: A total of 54 subjects with the mean age(38 ± 10) years fulfilled the study. No minor and major adverse effects were observed. In the treatment group, ulcer pain score was decreased by 79.2%and 93.8% and ulcer size was reduced by 69.1%and 92.2%(days 3 and 5, respectively), which was significantly greater than the control group(P <0.01).CONCLUSION: The decoction prepared with of Nicotiana tabacum leaves, used as mouthwash are well-tolerated and safe, and can be used for the management of recurrent aphthous.