基于测量机器人的多测回测角平差系统的开发与应用

针对高铁轨道设标网测量工程,采用Visual Basic 2005编程语言开发出多测回测角平差系统,使观测数据的处理完全自动化,提高了工作效率。本文给出了在高铁测量工程中的应用实例,表明该系统是可行的,有良好的实用价值。

Gradient Estimate of Solutions to a Class of Mean Curvature Equations with Prescribed Contact Angle Boundary Problem

This paper studies the prescribed contact angle boundary value problem of a certain type of mean curvature equation.Applying the maximum principle and the moving frame method and based on the location of the maximum point,the boundary gradient estimation of the solutions to the equation is obtained.

Application of high-precision gravity in fracture identifi cation:a case study of the Miquan region of the Junggar Basin

The gravity gradient anomaly zone is produced due to density diff erences on both sides of a fault.Tracking of extreme points enables the characterization and description of fault locations.However,for some deep-seated faults with large burial depths and secondary faults with moderate burial depths,the gravity horizontal total gradient anomaly must be enhanced using the concept of dip angle to strengthen the weak anomaly extraction for the identification of more fault information.This method was used to predict five regional deep-seated faults and six secondary faults in the Miquan region.The fracture plane extends in a near north-northeast direction;that is,it mostly expands out of the study area,spreads out in a trumpet shape to the southwest,and converges to the northeast.Fracture activity is an important factor in controlling structural units or local structures.The Miquan block is located in a complex structural zone in front of the Bogeda Mountains,which have very complex surface and subsurface geological conditions,and seismic data are unideal.Therefore,fracture prediction results using gravity data are important in-depth understanding of the structure in this area.

Seismic dip estimation based on the twodimensional Hilbert transform and its application in random noise attenuation

In seismic data processing, random noise seriously affects the seismic data quality and subsequently the interpretation. This study aims to increase the signal-to-noise ratio by suppressing random noise and improve the accuracy of seismic data interpretation without losing useful information. Hence, we propose a structure-oriented polynomial fitting filter. At the core of structure-oriented filtering is the characterization of the structural trend and the realization of nonstationary filtering. First, we analyze the relation of the frequency response between two-dimensional（2D） derivatives and the 2D Hilbert transform. Then, we derive the noniterative seismic local dip operator using the 2D Hilbert transform to obtain the structural trend. Second, we select polynomial fitting as the nonstationary filtering method and expand the application range of the nonstationary polynomial fitting. Finally, we apply variableamplitude polynomial fitting along the direction of the dip to improve the adaptive structureoriented filtering. Model and field seismic data show that the proposed method suppresses the seismic noise while protecting structural information.

沪宁高速公路扩建工程中无连接角(无定向)附合导线的应用

结合沪宁高速公路扩建工程实际情况,对在导线复测中出现的起算导线点数量较少且不能通视,导致导线无法获得起算边(无连接角)的计算问题进行研究,提出解决办法,并通过工程实际运用验证该方法的可行性。

In-Situ Measuring the Particle Mean Size and Dust Concentration by Near-Forward Small Angle Light Scattering

This paper presents a method of measuring the particle mean size and dust concentration by small angle near forward light scattering optics and the extinction theory. Its theory is based on Fraunhofer diffraction theory which is the approximation of Mie scattering within the forward Fraunhofer diffraction lobe, and Rosin Rammler function is introduced to describe the particle size distribution in two phase flow in advance. Compared with the values by the sample weight method, the measurement results have a reasonable agreement. The present work has demonstrated that this method will be probably used to monitor the parameters of two phase flow.

An Incremental Algorithm for Non-Slicing Floorplan Based on Corner Block List Representation

We present a novel incremental algorithm for non-slicing floorplans based on the corner block list representation. The horizontal and vertical adjacency graphs are derived from the packing of the initial floorplanning results. Based on the critical path and the accumulated slack distances we define,we choose the best position for insertion and do a series of operations incrementally, such as deleting modules, adding modules, and resizing modules quickly. This incremental floorplanning algorithm has a very high speed less than 1μm,which is one of the most important measures in this research. The algorithm preserves the original good performances on area and wire length. It can also supply other tools with good physical estimates for area, wire length, and other performance guidelines.

Phase equilibria in Mg-rich corner of Mg-Ca-RE(RE=Gd,Nd) systems at 400℃

The phase equilibria in Mg-rich corner of Mg-Ca-Gd and Mg-Ca-Nd ternary systems at 400℃ were determined through the equilibrated alloy method by using XRD, SEM, EPMA and DSC. Partial isothermal sections in Mg-rich corner of Mg-Ca-Gd and Mg-Ca-Nd ternary systems at 400 ℃ were constructed from 13 alloys. A three-phase region of a-Mg, Mg41RE5 and Mg2Ca was determined in both ternary systems. It is formed by a similar ternary eutectic reaction L→a-Mg＋Mg2Ca＋Mg41RE5 at 499.6 ℃ and 505.6 ℃, respectively. It is found that the maximum solubility of Ca in Mg5Gd is 3.68% （molar fraction） and 3% of Gd can be dissolved in Mg2Ca in the Mg-Ca-Gd system at 400 ℃. While in the Mg-Ca-Nd system, the maximum solubility of Ca in Mg41Nd5 is 3.57% and 1.24% of Nd can be dissolved in Mg2Ca at 400 ℃. Other three-phase equilibria existing in Mg-rich corner of Mg-Ca-Gd system are a-Mg＋MgsGd＋T and MgsGd＋Mg2Ca＋T and the three-phase equilibrium in Mg-rich corner of Mg-Ca-Nd system is Mg3Nd＋Mg2Ca＋ Mg41Nd5.

运用多媒体,让初中数学课堂绚丽多彩

随着信息技术的高速发展,以计算机为主的多媒体技术已深入课堂,发挥着愈来愈大的作用,尤其是数学课堂,运用多媒体技术,可以让枯燥抽象的课堂充满生机与活力,让学生对数学课堂产生浓厚的兴趣,从而优化课堂教学的效果.本文结合教学实践,就多媒体在初中数学课堂教学中的使用,谈谈自己的看法.一、运用多媒体。

Normalized edge detection, and the horizontal extent and depth of geophysical anomalies

Edge detection is an image processing technique for finding the boundaries of objects within images. It is typically used to interpret gravity and magnetic data, and find the horizontal boundaries of geological bodies. Large deviations between model and true edges are common because of the interference of depth and errors in computing the derivatives; thus, edge detection methods cannot provide information about the depth of the source. To simultaneously obtain the horizontal extent and depth of geophysical anomalies, we use normalized edge detection filters, which normalize the edge detection function at different depths, and the maxima that correspond to the location of the source. The errors between model and actual edges are minimized as the depth of the source decreases and the normalized edge detection method recognizes the extent of the source based on the maxima, allowing for reliable model results. We demonstrate the applicability of the normalized edge detection filters in defining the horizontal extent and depth using synthetic and actual aeromagnetic data.

Interaction of a circular cavity and a beeline crack in right-angle plane impacted by SH-wave

The problem of scattering of SH-wave by a circular cavity and an arbitrary beeline crack in right-angle plane was investigated using the methods of Green's function,complex variables and muti-polar coordinates.Firstly,we constructed a suitable Green's function,which is an essential solution to the displacement field for the elastic right-angle plane possessing a circular cavity while bearing out-of-plane harmonic line source load at arbitrary point.Secondly,based on the method of crack-division,integration for solution was established,then expressions of displacement and stress were obtained while crack and circular cavities were both in existence.Finally,the dynamic stress concentration factor around the circular cavity and the dynamic stress intensity factor at crack tip were discussed to the cases of different parameters in numerical examples.Calculation results show that the crack produces adverse engineering influence on both of the dynamic stress concentration factor and the dynamic stress intensity factor.

Geochemical characteristics of Guizhou Permian coal measure strata and analysis of the control factors

Based on element geochemical studies of the main Permian exploitable coal measure strata in Western Guizhou, the element geochemical distribution characteristics of the main exploitable coal measures were revealed in the regions of Dafang, Qianxi, Weining, Hezhang, Zhijin, etc., of Guizhou Province, and the results show that their element contents are mainly affected by terrestrial material supply. Coal measures formed in the delta plain environment where sufficient terrestrial materials are supplied contain relatively abundant trace elements and rare-earth elements, whereas those formed in the tidal-fiat environment influenced greatly by seawater have relatively low contents of trace elements and rare-earth elements, mainly con- trolled by the geological fact that basalts the parent rocks from source regions contain high trace elements and rare-earth elements. In addition, coal measures affected by later hydrothermal activities and fault tectonics contain a large amount of harmful elements. According to the rules of distribution of elements in coal measures, a new idea was put forward to classify coal-forming environments by using the geochemical composition characteristics, which is of great significance in dissolving the problem of whether coal measures were fbrmed either in delta environments or in tidal-flat environments in Western Gui- zhou. At the same time, the rules of distribution of elements in the main exploitable coal measures in Western Guizhou were fully understood, which is of direct significance in utilizing coal resources on the basis of classification of coals, as well as in developing the coal chemical industry.

Impact of and adaptation strategies for sea-level rise on Yangtze River Delta

The Yangtze River Delta characterized by a dense population and a rapidly developing economy is highly vulnerable to sea-level rise. The data from the China Oceanic Information Network and the Zhejiang Provincial Hydrology Bureau are used to analyze sea-level rise. The rate of sea-level rise in the delta was 2.4 mm per year in 1981-2015. The annual sea-level at Daishan, Dinghai, and Dongtou stations in the south wing of the delta were 4.3, 3.1, and 5 mm per year respectively over the same period. The 10-year averaged results at each station also indicate a perceptible trend of sea-level rise. Sea-level rise is contributed to a larger proportion of intensified erosion, ranging from 3% to 14% in the delta. Meanwhile, the 100-year return period of tidal level has decreased to the 50-year rank at Dongtou and Dinghai stations. Moreover, the arrival time of tidal bores at Yanguan is 4 min earlier under sea-level rise of 0.145 m than that of 0 m. The height of tidal bores and the velocities at the surface and bottom layers have an increase under sea-level rise. The maximum increases of high and low tide levels are 0.122 m and 0.016 m while the maximum increases of the velocities at the surface and bottom layers are 0.07 m s^- 1 and 0.05 m s ^-1, respectively. Sea-level rise will bring about the damage of seawall, thus the design standard of constructing seawalls should adopt a higher level to minimize the associated risks in the Yangtze River Delta and its south wing.

Stewart formula and some inequalities for a simplex

Problems on Stewart formula and inequalities for the areas of the bisection planes of the dihedral angles of a simplex are studied with the theory and method of distance geometry. Stewart formula and some inequalities for the areas of the bisection planes of the dihedral angles of a simplex in nE are established.

Mass-front velocity of dry granular flows influenced by the angle of the slope to the runout plane and particle size gradation

The mass-front velocities of granular flows results from the joint action of particle size gradations and the underlying surfaces.However,because of the complexity of friction during flow movement,details such as the slope-toe impedance effects and momentum-transfer mechanisms have not been completely explained by theoretical analyses,numerical simulations,or field investigations.To study the mass-front velocity of dry granular flows influenced by the angle of the slope to the runout plane and particle size gradations we conducted model experiments that recorded the motion of rapid and long-runout rockslides or avalanches.Flume tests were conducted using slope angles of 25°,35°,45°,and 55° and three particle size gradations.The resulting mass-front motions consisted of three stages:acceleration,velocity maintenance,and deceleration.The existing methods of velocity prediction could not explain the slowing effect of the slope toe or the momentum-transfer steady velocity stage.When the slope angle increased from 25° to 55°,the mass-front velocities dropped significantly to between 44.4% and59.6% of the peak velocities and energy lossesincreased from 69.1% to 83.7% of the initial,respectively.The velocity maintenance stages occurred after the slope-toe and mass-front velocity fluctuations.During this stage,travel distances increased as the angles increased,but the average velocity was greatest at 45°.At a slope angle of 45°,as the median particle size increased,energy loss around the slope toe decreased,the efficiency of momentum transfer increased,and the distance of the velocity maintenance stage increased.We presented an improved average velocity formula for granular flow and a geometrical model of the energy along the flow line.

Improved slope safety analysis by new Druker-Prager type criterion

Based on Mohr-Coulomb （M-C） criterion, the parameters of Druker-Prager （D-P） criterion for geomaterial were determined under non-associated flow rule, and thus a new D-P type criterion was presented. Two assumptions were employed during the derivation： 1） principal strains by M-C model and D-P model are equal, and 2） the material is under plane strain condition. Based on the analysis of the surface on rt plane, it is found that the proposed D-P type criterion is better than the D-P criterion with M-C circumscribed circle or M-C inscribed circle, and is applicable for stress Lode angle less than zero. By comparing the predicted results with the test data of sand under plane strain condition and other D-P criteria, the proposed criterion is verified and agrees well with the test data, which is further proved to be better than other D--P type criteria in certain range of Lode angle. The criterion was compiled into a finite difference package FLAC3D by user-subroutine, and was used to analyze the stability of a slope by strength reduction method. The predicted slope safety factor from the proposed criterion agrees well with that by Spencer method, and it is more accurate than that from classic D-P criteria.

Research on Precise Trigonometric Leveling in Place of First Order Leveling

Through the analysis of the principle, error sources and precision of trigonometric leveling, this paper points out the key problems about first order leveling replaced by trigonometric leveling; and for the first time puts forward that, in some given conditions, it is not only feasible but also valuable to replace first order leveling by precise trigonometric leveling, and proves it by experimentation as well. The content and conclusion of this paper have consulting significance and practicable value for our setting down relational criterion and production practice.

Extensions of strongly π-regular general rings

The concept of the strongly π-regular general ring （with or without unity） is introduced and some extensions of strongly π-regular general rings are considered. Two equivalent characterizations on strongly π- regular general rings are provided. It is shown that I is strongly π-regular if and only if, for each x ∈I, x^n =x^n＋1y = zx^n＋1 for n ≥ 1 and y, z ∈ I if and only if every element of I is strongly π-regular. It is also proved that every upper triangular matrix general ring over a strongly π-regular general ring is strongly π-regular and the trivial extension of the strongly π-regular general ring is strongly clean.

Realization of Tip Tilting By 8-Step Line Tilting

By direct calculation of rotation matrices of SO(3),we show how certain specific sequence of eight consecutiverotations of digital angles can yield a tilting of a facet mirror.We also design a detailed program specifically to tiltan array of mirrors from planar orientation to the required focusing orientation.We describe how to use the 8-step torealize the focusing of the mirror array.We have found,in our designed program,an important feature of row-sharingduring the rotations for the columns and similarly the column-sharing during the rotations for the row.This feature cansave a lot of operating time during the actual realization of the mechanical movements.

Adaptive preprocessing algorithms of corneal topography in polar coordinate system

New adaptive preprocessing algorithms based on the polar coordinate system were put forward to get high-precision corneal topography calculation results. Adaptive locating algorithms of concentric circle center were created to accurately capture the circle center of original Placido-based image, expand the image into matrix centered around the circle center, and convert the matrix into the polar coordinate system with the circle center as pole. Adaptive image smoothing treatment was followed and the characteristics of useful circles were extracted via horizontal edge detection, based on useful circles presenting approximate horizontal lines while noise signals presenting vertical lines or different angles. Effective combination of different operators of morphology were designed to remedy data loss caused by noise disturbances, get complete image about circle edge detection to satisfy the requests of precise calculation on follow-up parameters. The experimental data show that the algorithms meet the requirements of practical detection with characteristics of less data loss, higher data accuracy and easier availability.