凌骨金角汤联合中药外敷治疗颌骨骨髓炎64例

颌骨骨髓炎是指由细菌感染或物理、化学因素使颌骨的骨膜、骨皮质、骨髓及骨髓腔内的血管、神经等产生的炎性病变。中医学称为“骨槽风”或“穿腮”。临床治疗主要有全身抗感染应用抗生素，局部切开引流，

封闭式角盒钣金零件的成形

封闭式角盒钣金零件的成形比较困难。本文介绍了采用拼块式结构手打模成形封闭式钣金件的工艺方法。

Ultrahigh strength and improved electrical conductivity in an aging strengthened copper alloy processed by combination of equal channel angular pressing and thermomechanical treatment

In this paper,equal channel angular pressing and thermomechanical treatment was employed to improve the strength and electrical conductivity of an aging strengthened Cu-Ti-Cr-Mg alloy,and the microstructure and properties of the alloy were investigated in detail.The results showed that the samples deformed by the combination of cryogenic equal channel angular pressing(ECAP)and rolling had good comprehensive properties after aging at 400℃.The tensile strength of the peak-aged and over-aged samples was 1120 MPa and 940 MPa,with their corresponding electrical conductivity of 14.7%IACS and 22.1%IACS,respectively.ECAP and cryogenic rolling introduced high density dislocations,leading to the inhibition of the softening effects and refinement of the grains.After a long time aging at 400℃,the alloy exhibited ultra-high strength with obvious increasing electrical conductivity.The high strength was attributed to the synergistic effect of work hardening,grain refinement strengthening and precipitation strengthening.The precipitation of a large amount of Ti atoms from the matrix led to the high electrical conductivity of the over-aged sample.

六角星形Ag纳米结构的光学及传感特性

本文用时域有限差分法研究了六角星形Ag纳米结构的消光光谱及其传感特性。计算结果表明,随着顶角角度从20°逐渐增大到140°,六角星形Ag纳米结构消光光谱峰值波长出现蓝移现象,并且强度逐渐减弱。折射率灵敏度受顶角角度影响变化很大,但角度变化对消光光谱的半高全宽的影响较小,品质因数主要受折射率灵敏度的影响在30°时最大。对于实验中顶角钝化的情况,本文分析发现,顶角钝化程度对其消光光谱也有一定影响,品质因数会随着顶角钝化的增加而减小,传感特性减弱。

Low temperature mechanical property of AZ91D magnesium alloy fabricated by solid recycling process from recycled scraps

Low temperature mechanical properties of AZ91D magnesium alloy fabricated by solid recycling process from recycled scraps were studied. Various microstructural analyses were performed using optical microscopy （OM） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The recycled specimens consist of fine grains due to dynamic recrystallization and the interfaces of original individual scraps are not identified. Tensile tests were performed at a strain rate of 5 x 10 3 s 1 at room temperature （27 ~C）, -70, -100 and 130 ~C, respectively. Ultimate tensile strength of the specimens increases slightly with decreasing the tensile temperature, and elongation to failure decreases with decreasing the tensile temperature. The tensile specimens at -130 ~C show the highest ultimate tensile strength of 360.65 MPa and the lowest elongation to failure of 5.46%. Impact tests were performed at room temperature （27 ~C）, -70 and -130 ~C, respectively. Impact toughness decreases with decreasing the impact temperature. The impact specimens at -130 ~C show the lowest impact toughness of 3.06 J/cm2.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing

Microstructure evolution and texture development and their effects on mechanical properties of a Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy during equal channel angular pressing（ECAP） were investigated.It is found that the microstructure is still inhomogeneous after four passes,and two zones,namely the fine grain zone（FGZ） and the coarse grain zone（CGZ） are formed.The grain refinement occurs mainly by particle-stimulated nucleation（PSN） mechanism,which led to a more random texture after four passes of ECAP.In the ECAP-processed alloy,the strength did not increase while the ductility was enhanced dramatically compared with the as-received condition.The change of ductility of this alloy was discussed in terms of texture and second phase particles.

A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS CHRYSACRIS (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE)FROM CHINA

本文描述了采自辽宁省金色蝗属1新种。模式标本保存于东北师范大学生物系动物标本室。山间金色蝗Chrysacris montanis Zhang et Zheng,新种(图1-5) 新种与秦岭金色蝗Ch.qinlingensis相似,但有以下区别:1)前胸背板侧隆线中部向内弯曲;2)中胸腹板侧叶间中隔长大于其最狭处的1.7倍;3)产卵瓣及下生殖板形状不同。 正模,辽宁铁岭龙首山(N42°18′,E123°16′),海拔60m,1990-Ⅵ-26,张凤岭、郑一平、张庆云采。

Effect of equal-channel angular pressing and aging on corrosion behavior of ZK60 Mg alloy

Commercial ZK60 Mg alloy was processed by multi-pass equal-channel angular pressing（ECAP） and subsequent aging to investigate the effect of grain refinement and second-phase redistribution on its corrosion behavior. Electrochemical tests show that the fine-grained samples after more ECAP passes have higher corrosion current densities（Jcorr） in the polarization curves, lower charge-transfer resistance（Rt） values in the EIS plots. The severe plastic deformation decreases the alloy corrosion resistance besides the well-known strengthening and toughening. Scanning Kelvin probe（SKP） measurement shows that the anodic and cathode sites are homogeneously distributed on the surface of the fine-grained alloy, which inhibits localized corrosion. The SKP potential, having linear relationship with the corrosion potential（φcorr）, decreases with increasing the ECAP pass. Furthermore, the post-ECAP aging can slightly improve the corrosion resistance of the fine-grained ZK60 Mg alloy and enhance the comprehensive performances, due to the stress relief and uniform distribution of second-phase particles.

Precipitation sequence of η phase along low-angle grain boundaries in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy during artificial aging

The precipitation sequence of η（MgZn2） phase along low-angle grain boundaries in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy was investigated by examining samples aged at 135 ℃ for various times from 5 min to 6 h. High resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEM） observations and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX） analysis indicate that the precipitation sequence of η phase along low-angle grain boundaries should be supersaturated solid solution （SSS）→vacancy-rich clusters （VRC）→GP Ⅱ zones→η＇→η. Based on the theory of non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation （NGS） and non-equilibrium grain boundary co-segregation （NGCS）, the excessive solute elements gradually segregate to the grain boundaries by the diffusion of the solute-vacancy complex during aging treatment. The grain boundary segregation plays an important role in the nucleation and growth of VRC, GP Ⅱ zones, η＇ phase as well as η phase.

Characteristics and Transformation of Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil and Rice of Yangtze River Delta Region

[Objective]Characteristics of heavy metal pollution in soil and rice of Yangtze River Delta Region were studied.[Method]Heavy metal contents of more than 150 samples in Yangtze River Delta region were determined so as to make the soil environmental quality assessment and study the content distribution,transformation and distribution characteristics of heavy metals in different regions and different plant parts.[Result]The Yangtze River Delta region was polluted by Cd,Pb,Cr,Cu and Zn,among them Cd pollution was the most serious;Pb,Cu and Zn took second place;Cr appears the lightest;And there was almost no Hg and As pollution in this area.The Nemero pollution index of soil was 0.880 which was at the alert level.Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg and Zn in rice grains exceeded the background values.Heavy metal pollutions in soils divided by regions were in order of Taihu Lake region 〉Zhejiang region〉 Yangtze River region and urban areas 〉towns and rural areas.Heavy metal pollutions in soil divided by the uptake level were in order of rhizosphere soil 〉rice straw 〉rice grain.Transformation coefficients were in order of Cd〉 Cu 〉Zn〉 As 〉Hg〉 Pb〉 Cr.Distribution coefficients were in order of Zn〉 Cr〉 Cd 〉Cu〉 Hg 〉Pb 〉As.[Conclusion]There were larger value ranges of contaminated elements in the Yangtze River Delta Region,moreover individual samples had serious pollution,so the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution should be strengthened.

Equal channel angular extrusion of NiTi shape memory alloy tube

As a new attempt, equal channel angular extrusion （ECAE） of nickel-titanium shape memory alloy （NiTi SMA） tube was investigated by means of process experiment, finite element method （FEM） and microscopy. NiTi SMA tube with the steel core in it was inserted into the steel can during ECAE of NiTi SMA tube. Based on rigid-viscoplastic FEM, multiple coupled boundary conditions and multiple constitutive models were used for finite element simulation of ECAE of NiTi SMA tube, where the effective stress field, the effective strain field and the velocity field were obtained. Finite element simulation results are in good accordance with the experimental ones. Finite element simulation results reveal that the velocity field shows the minimum value in the corner of NiTi SMA tube, where severe shear deformation occurs. Microstructural observation results reveal that severe plastic deformation leads to a certain grain orientation as well as occurrence of substructures in the grain interior and dynamic recovery occurs during ECAE of NiTi SMA tube. ECAE of NiTi SMA tube provides a new approach to manufacturing ultrafine-grained NiTi SMA tube.

Development of transition condition for region with variable-thickness in isothermal local loading process

Using simple unequal-thickness billet combining isothermal local loading can control the metal flow and improve the cavity fill in manufacturing process of large-scale rib-web titanium alloy component with low cost and short cycle. The beveling transition pattern is well used for variable-thickness region of billet （VTRB） due to its simple and ample range of transition condition. The transition condition development in the local loading process has a significant influence on dynamic boundary of unrestricted portion of VTRB. With the help of reasonable assumptions, a mathematical model of transition condition development was established by theoretical analysis. The predicted results for local loading process of rib-web component using the established model were compared with the numerical and experimental ones, and the results indicated that the model of transition condition development is reasonable. Using the established model could deal with the dynamic boundary of unrestricted portion of VTRB well, and the model is suitable for the analysis of metal flow and cavity fill in local loading process of multi-ribs component.

Effect of annealing temperature on martensitic transformation of Ti_(49.2)Ni_(50.8) alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing

The effect of annealing temperature on the martensitic transformation of a Ti49.2Ni50.8 alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing （ECAP） was investigated by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. The as-ECAP processed and subsequently annealed Ti49.2Ni50.8 alloys consist of B2 parent phase, Ti4Ni2O phase and B19′ martensite at room temperature. Upon cooling, all samples show B2→R→B19′ two-stage transformation. Upon heating, when the annealing temperature is less than 400℃, the samples show B19′→R→B2 two-stage transformation; when the annealing temperature is higher than 500 ℃, the samples show B19′→B2 single-stage transformation. The B2-R transformation is characterized by wide interval due to the dislocations introduced during ECAP.

Modeling of Ni_4Ti_3 precipitation during stress-free and stress-assisted aging of bi-crystalline NiTi shape memory alloys

The phase field method was applied to study the microstructure evolution of Ni4Ti3 precipitates during stress-free and stress-assisted aging of bi-crystalline NiTi shape memory alloys （SAMs） with two different initial Ni-contents of 51.5% and 52.5% （mole fraction）, respectively. The simulation results show that, during stress-free aging of the NiTi alloy with a low supersaturation of Ni （i.e., Ti-51.5%Ni）, the Ni4Ti3 precipitates exhibit a heterogeneous distribution with a high number density of particles at the grain boundary, leaving most of the grain interiors free of precipitates; while for the NiTi alloy with a high supersaturation of Ni （i.e., Ti-52.5%Ni）, the Ni4Ti3 precipitates show a homogeneous distribution across the entire simulation system. The stress-assisted aging can give rise to homogeneous distribution of the precipitates, regardless of the initial Ni-content; however, the distribution of variant type within the two grains is heterogeneous.

Influence of secondary extrusion on microstructures and mechanical properties of ZK60 Mg alloy processed by extrusion and ECAP

The microstructures and properties of ZK60 alloy were evaluated under four different conditions： extrusion; extrusion and 4 passes of equal channel angular pressing （ECAP）; extrusion, 4 passes of ECAP and secondary extrusion; and extrusion, 4 passes of ECAP, annealing and secondary extrusion. Secondary extrusion at ambient temperature was successfully processed to produce ultrafine-grained ZK60 alloy. The results show that ECAP introduces significant grain refinement and there is additional refinement in secondary extrusion. High yield strength of 342 MPa is achieved after secondary extrusion at room temperature, but the elongation to failure is only 0.8%. However, by applying annealing before secondary extrusion, the ductility of ZK60 could be greatly improved to 4.5%, meanwhile the yield strength almost remains the same, and the ultimate strength of up to 388 MPa is obtained.

Effects of second phases on mechanical properties and martensitic transformations of ECAPed TiNi and Ti-Mo based shape memory alloys

TiNi and Ti-based shape memory alloys were processed by equal channel angular pressing （ECAP） at 673-773 K along Bc route to obtain ultrafine grains for increasing the strength of parent phase and improving the functional properties. The effects of both thermodynamically stable and metastable second phases on the mechanical properties and martensitic transformations of these alloys were investigated. It is found that thermodynamically stable Ti2Ni phase has no effect on martensitic transformation and superelasticity of Ti-rich TiNi alloy, thermodynamically stable α phase is harmful for ductility of Ti-Mo-Nb-V-Al alloy, but metastable Ti3Ni4 phase is effective for R phase transformation, martensitic transformation and superelasticity of Ni-rich TiNi alloy. The mechanisms of the second phases on the martensitic transformations and mechanical properties were discussed.

Effect of ECAP on microstructure and tensile properties of A390 aluminum alloy

The purpose of the present research is to determine the tensile strength and elongation of the A390 alloy processed by ECAP and to reveal the relationship between the microstructure and tensile properties. Optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used for microstructural analysis of the samples. The results of the mechanical testing showed that the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) increased from 142 MPa for the as-cast sample to 275 MPa for the sample after the third ECAP pass. Increasing the ECAP passes up to 4 led to a remarkable enhancement of elongation compared with the as-cast sample. It was found that the improvement of strength and ductility of A390 alloy with increasing the number of ECAP passes was attributed to the homogenous distribution of particles, reduction of particle size, and elimination of voids especially adjacent to the primary silicon particles. The results of fractography demonstrated that when the number of ECAP passes increased to 4, the uniform round dimples formed and the relatively brittle as-cast sample transformed to a ductile alloy.

Electroplated super-hydrophobic Zn−Fe coating for corrosion protection on magnesium alloy

A superhydrophobic Zn−Fe alloy coating was prepared on the surface of a reactive magnesium alloy using a simple,low-cost,eco-friendly method.Firstly,the Zn−Fe coating was obtained in a neutral glycerol Zn−Fe plating solution,which is green,compositionally stable,and non-corrosive to the equipment.And then the superhydrophobic surface with a flower-like microstructure was obtained by grafting myristic acid onto the Zn−Fe coating via a chelation reaction.The water contact angle was>150°and the rolling angle was 3°−4°.The corrosion rate of the two groups of superhydrophobic magnesium alloy samples with electrodeposition time of 30 and 50 min,respectively,was reduced by about 87%compared to that of the bare magnesium alloy.The prepared superhydrophobic coatings exhibit high performance in self-cleaning,abrasion resistance,and corrosion resistance.

Effect of processing routes on microstructure and mechanical properties of 2014 Al alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing

Al-Cu alloy was deformed through equal channel angular pressing(ECAP) by routes A,Ba,Bc and C up to 5 passes.ECAP was done using a 90° die for three different conditions,namely 1) as received,2) solutionised at 768 K for 1 h and 3) solutionised at 768 K for 1 h + aged at 468 K for 5 h.The microstructure,microhardness and tensile strength were studied for all the three conditions and four routes.Significant improvement in hardness(HV 184 after five passes) and strength(602 MPa after three passes) was observed in solutionised and aged 2014 Al alloy deformed through route Bc.Microstructure evolution was reasonably equiaxed in route Bc with aspect ratio of 1.6.Solutionised and aged 2014 Al alloy deformed through route Bc was identified to have better microstructure and mechanical property than the other processing routes and conditions.

Adsorption mechanism of sodium oleate and styryl phosphonic acid on rutile and amphibole surfaces

A reagent combination of sodium oleate(NaOl)and salicyl hydroximic acid was employed as the roughing and scavenging collectors,whereas styryl phosphoric acid(SPA)and octanol were employed as the cleaning collectors.Results of bench-scale flotation demonstrate that the dosage of SPA can be reduced by about 80%,and that a better flotation index can be obtained using the proposed reagent system.The results of adsorption amount and contact angle measurements indicate that the rutile surface adsorbed not only a large amount of residual NaOl but also SPA and a small amount of NaOl remained on the amphibole surface in strong acidic solution.The hydrophobic difference between rutile and amphibole surfaces was therefore amplified in cleaning,and their further separation became much easier consequently.