颈椎侧块的应用解剖研究

对１０具经福尔马林固定的５０个中、下颈段椎体骨标本进行解剖观察和测量，重点研究了侧块中央点至椎动脉后壁、横突后结节的距离，以及推动脉、颈神经相对于侧块的位置关系及定位方法。结果表明：侧块的外上象限为无神经、血管经过的解剖上的安全区域，为临床手术提供了详尽的解剖学资料。

Ultra-soft Desorption Assisted Mass Spectrometry using Picosecond Infrared Laser for the Detection of lons in the Liquid Surface

To identify the species in liquid surface using mass spectrometry,we must eliminate or reduce interferences during the vaporization or desorption of the species from the liquid surface.It is much more challenging to isolate the ionic,larger species from the liquid surface,because of the frangible structures and the higher solvation energies of those species.Here we demonstrate a new mass spectrometry in which the ionic species at the liquid surface can be desorbed with ultrasoft infrared picosecond laser pulses while the liquid surface is not breached.This laser desorption assisted mass spectrometry is not only a powerful tool to detect the fragile species but also promising to investigate vibrational energy transfer dynamics in the liquid surface.

Dynamic interacting relationships among international oil prices, macroeconomic variables and precious metal prices

From the perspective of long-term and short-term, the methods of TY causality test, generalized impulse response function, variance decomposition were used to investigate the impacts of international oil prices and macroeconomic variables on Chinese gold, silver and platinum prices, but also the feedback effects of Chinese precious metal prices under this impact. The results show that international oil prices play an important role in precious metal price variation both in long-term and short-term, and exchange rate only has an effect in short-term, while interest rate is ineffective in predicting precious metal prices. In addition, precious metal prices have some feedback effects on international oil prices and interest rate in short-term.

Asymmetry in the Strong-field Photodetachment of H- by Linearly Polarized Few-cycle Pulses

Photodetachment of H- irradiated by linearly polarized few-cycle laser field is investigated by time-dependent SchrSdinger equation numerically. The photo-electron left-right asymmetry parameter as a function of carrier-envelop （CE） phase of few-cycle pulses is attained. We confirm the asymmetry of photoelectron distribution in H- photodetachment and find that the maximal asymmetry parameter of H- is equal to that of H atom under the same conditions but the corresponding CE phases are quite different. Thus a CE phase shift appears. Compared to that of H atom and field free electron, the zero asymmetry CE phase shift is sensitively affected by Coulomb field. The Coulomb effect on the asymmetry of H- photodetachment mainly behaves in the CE phase shift of H- instead of the amplitude of asymmetry parameter curve.

Key Technology in Multi UAV Conflict Detection and Resolution Strategy

Based on ADS-B surveillance data,this paper proposes a multi-unmanned aerial vehicle(multi-UAV)collision detection method based on linear extrapolation for ground-based UAV collision detection and resolution,thus to provide early warning of possible conflicts.To address the problem of multi-UAV conflict,the basic ant colony algorithm is introduced.The conflict simplification model of the traditional basic ant colony algorithm is optimized by adding a speed regulation strategy.A multi-UAV conflict resolution scheme is presented based on speed regulation and heading strategies.The ant colony algorithm is improved by adding angle information and a queuing system.The results show that the improved ant colony algorithm can provide multi-UAV joint escape routes for a multi-UAV conflict situation in airspace.Unlike the traditional ant colony algorithm,our approach converges to the optimization target.The time required for the calculation is reduced by 43.9%,and the total delay distance caused by conflict resolution is reduced by 58.4%.

Mitigation of blast loadings on structures by an anti-blast plastic water wall

Seven in-situ tests were carried out in far field to study the blast mitigation effect of a kind of water filled plastic wall. Test results show that the mitigation effect of water filled plastic wall is remarkable. The maximum reduction of peak reflected overpressure reaches up to 94.53%, as well as 36.3% of the minimum peak reflected overpressure reduction in the scaled distance ranging from 1.71 m/kg1/3 to 3.42 m/kg1/3. Parametric studies were also carried out. The effects of the scaled gauge height, water/charge scaled distance(the distance between the explosive charge and the water wall), water wall scaled height and water/structure scaled distance(the distance between the water wall and the structure) were systematically investigated and compared with the usual rigid anti-blast wall. It is concluded that these parameters affect the mitigation effects of plastic water wall on blast loadings significantly, which is basically consistent to the trend of usual rigid anti-blast wall. Some formulae are also derived based on the numerical and test results, providing a simple but reliable prediction model to evaluate the peak overpressure of mitigated blast loadings on the structures.

Degradation mechanism of rock under impact loadings by integrated investigation on crack and damage development

Failure of rock under impact loadings involves complex micro-fracturing and progressive damage. Strength increase and splitting failure have been observed during dynamic tests of rock materials. However, the failure mechanism still remains unclear. In this work, based on laboratory tests, numerical simulations with the particle flow code(PFC) were carried out to reproduce the micro-fracturing process of granite specimens. Shear and tensile cracks were both recorded to investigate the failure mode of rocks under different loading conditions. At the same time, a dynamic damage model based on the Weibull distribution was established to predict the deformation and degradation behavior of specimens. It is found that micro-cracks play important roles in controlling the dynamic deformation and failure process of rock under impact loadings. The sharp increase in the number of cracks may be the reason for the strength increase of rock under high strain rates. Tensile cracks tend to be the key reason for splitting failure of specimens. Numerical simulation of crack propagation by PFC can give vivid description of the failure process. However, it is not enough for evaluation of material degradation. The dynamic damage model is able to predict the stress-strain relationship of specimens reasonably well, and can be used to explain the degradation of specimens under impact loadings at macro-scale. Crack and damage can describe material degradation at different scales and can be used together to reveal the failure mechanism of rocks.

A novel technology of high-voltage pulse discharge for comminution of galena ore

An innovative technology of high-voltage pulse discharge(HVPD)was proposed to investigate the comminution characteristics of galena ore.The optimal experiment parameters were determined as follows:spark gap spacing of 25 mm,pulse number of 120,and voltage of 25 k V.The mass fraction with size<0.074 mm in ground products was improved by the HVPD.Meanwhile,the relative grindability declined with the increase of the grinding time,which indicated that the superiority of HVPD was weakened.The ground products of HVPD were distributed more homogeneously than those of mechanical crushing.The liberation of breakage products was improved by 24.57%via the HVPD.Moreover,the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET)specific surface area,pore volume,and average pore size were increased via the HVPD.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS)analyses suggested that obvious grain-boundary breakage and several stomatal traces were observed in the HVPD products.

Numerical Simulation of Water Mitigation Effects on Shock Wave with SPH Method

The water mitigation effect on the propagation of shock wave was investigated numerically. The traditional smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method was modified based on Riemann solution. The comparison of numerical results with the analytical solution indicated that the modified SPH method has more advantages than the traditional SPH method. Using the modified SPH algorithm, a series of one-dimensional planar wave propagation problems were investigated, focusing on the influence of the air-gap between the high-pressure air and water and the thickness of water. The numerical results showed that water mitigation effect is significant. Up to 60% shock wave pressure reduction could be achieved with the existence of water, and the shape of shock wave was also changed greatly. It is seemly that the small air-gap between the high-pressure air and water has more influence on water mitigation effect.

Study of Torsional Impact Problem of Orthotropic Hollow Cylinder

A simple integral transform method was presented to solve the torsional impact problem of orthotropic hollow cylinder with mixed boundary condition. The analytical solution for the torsional impact problem of the orthotropic hollow cylinder was got. Some examples were calculated and discussed.

Evaluation of cathode quality and damage of aluminium electrolytic cell based on non-destructive technology

To evaluate the quality and damage condition of the electrolyzer,wave velocity detection technology and impact echo technology were used to detect the cathode part of the electrolyzer.The experimental results show that wave velocity is linearly related to the porosity,and there is also a linear relationship between wave velocity and the square root of reciprocal density in cathode carbon blocks(CCBs)before installation into electrolyzer.Combined with detection results of wave velocity and voltage drop,the large-size CCBs with relatively good quality can be found.Through the impact echo technology on cathode steel rods(CSRs),the results of the on-site detection show that the damage condition of CSRs can be effectively evaluated,and the damage location of CSRs can be determined.This study proposes a novel and quantifiable method for the evaluation of cathode quality and damage,which provides a reference for prolonging the service life of the electrolyzer.

Modeling and simulation for a new virtual-clock-based collision resolution algorithm

Virtual time Ethemet is a multiple access protocol proposed to provide FCFS transmission service over the predominant Ethemet bus. It incorporates a novel message-rescheduling algorithm based on the virtual clock mechanism. By manipulating virtual clocks back up over a common virtual time axis and performing timely collision resolution, the algorithm guarantees the system＇s queuing strictness. The protocol is particularly modeled as a finite state machine and implemented using OPNET tools. Simulation studies prove its correctness and effectiveness.

Resolving Conflicts Within Multicultural Teams in Industrial Enterprises

The aim of this paper is to highlight the issue of resolving conflicts within multicultural teams in industrial enterprises. The authors build upon the concept of multiculturalism which seeks for possible ways to enable different cultures to coexist and the means of communication between them. The authors base the study on the assumption that extensively developed intercultural relationships lead to mutual understanding between people and consequently to less interpersonal conflicts. In the introduction part, the authors explain the importance of increased attention and interest in the area of multiculturalism. Industrial enterprises nowadays are increasingly aware of this issue as they become more open to different cultures and they are confronted with intensive international migration and previously isolated societies become more pluralistic. As a result of these processes, individuals are more frequently in contact with members of different cultures. ＂Think globally, act locally＂ has become a slogan for our society. This way of thinking and acting was transferred to almost all areas of life （economic, political, and educational） and it is applied in the context of schools, societies, and enterprises as well. The ability to understand and accept cultural diversity is becoming essential in the ordinary working environment. It helps to create connections between emotional perception and rational acceptance. In practice, the offer of training seminars about intercultural differences is widespread. Enterprises supporting the knowledge improvement of their own employees have understood that a friendly working environment leads to increased motivation, consequently reflected in their performance. The training focused on skills development in this area can help to reduce interpersonal misunderstandings, bring new ways of conflict resolution and harmony in the workplace and thereby also increase productivity. The authors focus on the ＂outdoor method＂ as an actual phenomenon, which is used in teaching the topic of tolerance towards cultural diversity. They describe the individual stages of this method and introduce a modified version of Tuson＇s model as an effective tool for conflict resolution in the workplace. The tools introduced in this paper, place particular emphasis on actions to prevent conflicts in the workplace. This paper builds upon the theory of knowledge processing and its role as a theoretical basis for knowledge development in the area of multiculturalism. Furthermore, it teaches us to be tolerant towards others, their habits, culture, and history ＂Strangers＂ can be a source of experience for us and they can enrich our personal lives. Discussion of the issues surrounding multiculturalism and also the identification of sustainable key performance parameters within multicultural work environments can contribute to more effective conflict resolution in the workplace and promote awareness towards the tolerant coexistence and social cohesion

Environmentally Degradation of r-PMMA/PMMA-Blend-PU/Ecoflex Sheet

Poly （methyl methacrylate） scrap was applied to prepare the impact modification of r-PMMA/PMMA-blend-PU/Ecoflex sheet by casting process. The Ecoflex and polyurethane were used as biodegradable polymer and impact modified respectively. This research was ascertained tile way to reduce the processing cost of PMMA sheet and the industrial waste by recycled PMMA scrap into the production process. The r-PMMA/PMMA-blend-PU/Ecoflex sheet was studied potential degradation by landfills for six months. After degradation the percentage of weight loss of specimens was increasing depend on amount of Ecoflex content and degradation period. While, the surface morphology of r-PMMA/PMMA-blend-PU/Ecoflex sheet after six months was damaged and demonstrated that Ecoflex had an effect on PMMA-blend-PU sheet in potential biodegradation. The mechanical and physical properties of r-PMMA/PMMA-blend-PU/Ecoflex sheet were described. Finally, the impact strength of r-PMMA/PMMA-blend-PU/Ecoflex sheet from this research, it is possible to use r-PMMA and Ecoflex in the acrylic casting sheet product.

On the Existence of Positive Solutions for Impulsive Neutral Differential Equations

Aim To investigate the existence of positive solutions for impulsive neutral differential equations. Methods The Banach contraction principle was used to establish our results. Results and Conclusion The results of the existence of positive solutions for impulsive neutral differential equations are obtained.

Realization of Two-Qutrit Quantum Gates with Control Pulses

We investigate the realization of 2-qutrit logic gate in a bipartite 3-level system with qusi-Ising interaction. On the basis of Caftan decomposition of matrices, the unitary matrices of 2-qutrit are factorized into products of a series of realizable matrices. It is equivalent to exerting a certain control field on the system, and the control goal is usually gained by a sequence of control pulses. The general discussion on the realization of 2-qutrit logic gate is made first, and then the realization of the ternary SWAP gate and the ternary √SWAP gate are discussed specifically, and the sequences of control pulses and drift processes implementing these gates are given.

Note on Implementation of Three-Qubit SWAP Gate

In this paper, the synthesis and implementation of three-qubit SWAP gate is discussed. The three-qubit SWAP gate can be decomposed into product of 2 two-qubit SWAP gates, and it can be realized by 6 CNOT gates. Research illustrated that although the result is very simple, the current methods of matrix decomposition for multi-qubit gate can not get that. Then the implementation of three-qubit SWAP gate in the three spin system with Ising interaction is investigated and the sequence of control pulse and drift process to implement the gate is given. It needs 23 control pulses and 12 drift processes. Since the interaction can not be switched on and off at will, the realization of three-qubit SWAP gate in specific quantum system also can not simply come down to 2 two-qubit SWAP gates.

Language Switching Based on Cognitive Interference Task and Its Teaching Implication for Consecutive Interpreting

An empirical study was addressed to explore the language switching selection based on conflict resolution task between bilinguals and monolinguals. The Double-Source interference task was designed to investigate the interaction of attentional network and bilingual＇s language conflict resolution capacity. ANOVA for repeated measurement was used to measure the main effect of different attentional networks. The response time of alerting network was significant faster than that of executive network. There was also a significant main effect of different groups of subjects that bilinguals responded faster than monolinguals when operating alerting and executive network. Language switching paradigm can be used to interpret the neuro-cognitive process of oral consecutive interpreting, so the teaching implication will be discussed in the present study.

An Indigenous Yoruba Socio-political Model of Conflict Resolution

In indigenous and contemporary societies, different elements of social and political institutions have come up with various inner mechanisms that are unique to their societies that can adjudicate in conflict situations. In traditional, indigenous Yoruba societies, agba （elders） were usually relied upon as agents and institutions of conflict resolution in view of certain qualities possessed by this category of people. This paper focuses attention on the role of agba （elders） in conflict resolution at various levels of Yoruba life. We acknowledge that agba （elders） have performed these roles in traditional, indigenous Yoruba societies. The opinion expressed in this paper is that agba, as theoretical and practical conflict resolution mechanism, can be philosophically developed and used as an alternative model to the current means of resolving conflicts through wars and terrorism and other forms of violence by aggrieved individuals and groups in national and international arenas.

Impulsive component extraction using shift-invariant dictionary learning and its application to gear-box bearing early fault diagnosis

The impulsive components induced by bearing faults are key features for assessing gear-box bearing faults.However,because of heavy background noise and the interferences of other vibrations,it is difficult to extract these impulsive components caused by faults,particularly early faults,from the measured vibration signals.To capture the high-level structure of impulsive components embedded in measured vibration signals,a dictionary learning method called shift-invariant K-means singular value decomposition(SI-K-SVD)dictionary learning is used to detect the early faults of gear-box bearings.Although SI-K-SVD is more flexible and adaptable than existing methods,the improper selection of two SI-K-SVD-related parameters,namely,the number of iterations and the pattern lengths,has an adverse influence on fault detection performance.Therefore,the sparsity of the envelope spectrum(SES)and the kurtosis of the envelope spectrum(KES)are used to select these two key parameters,respectively.SI-K-SVD with the two selected optimal parameter values,referred to as optimal parameter SI-K-SVD(OP-SI-K-SVD),is proposed to detect gear-box bearing faults.The proposed method is verified by both simulations and an experiment.Compared to the state-of-the-art methods,namely,empirical model decomposition,wavelet transform and K-SVD,OP-SI-K-SVD has better performance in diagnosing the early faults of a gear-box bearing.