解分化:城乡文化关系的发展态势

自晚清以来,现代性进程导致了乡村与城市文化的分化,并延续至当代社会。但在消费社会的文化产业语境中,城乡文化的二分却开始出现"解分化"的态势。文化旅游产业整合了乡村与城市空间,使乡村变为消费主义逻辑主导下的"景观";而在流行音乐、广场舞、"杀马特"和"小清新"等流行、时尚文化形态中,可以发现城乡审美风格相融合的趋势。因此,"乡村-城市"二元话语结构逐渐失去了现实解释力,文化分化正以更广泛的"新文化社群"的形式展开。

直面解分化或文化向基础领域的进入——简论马克思主义美学规范性转型的思想视野

长期以来，西方马克思主义主要是一种总体性的社会批判理论，但是，只要是沿着批判理论总体性的否定逻辑，我们就只能从与现代性分化的对抗之中去获得否定的力量和理论的思想锋芒。我们只能据守一种外在于现代社会历史进程并与后者截然对立的总体性审美主义的价值立场，去揭露、批判和抵抗生活世界的现代演进，既否定社会的理性化进程，又否定伴随此进程汹涌而来的解分化运动——而这就等于说，我们必须从根本上告别现代性。但是仔细领会马克思早年的著作，其实蕴含着一种正面打量现代性解放力量的潜在思想视野。审美一表现的价值合理性、自然法的伦理要求、劳动实践的工具合理性——这三者都内在于实践关系之中并由实践的总体合理性、自由性来承担。同时，马克思一再指出，有效的解放只可能实现于高度发展的社会历史进程中，这就意味着，解放只能发生于现代性分化与解分化相互补充、辩证展开的具体历史形式之中。就如同科学技术、物质生产力是在高度的现代性分化中一步一步实现的，解分化也只可能是在一个漫长的历史形态中逐步积累并与分化相对应的漫长的历史进程。这样，马克思主义规范性转型的一种可能前景就显示出来：它不仅仅是“批判”的理论，如果充分展开，还将成为一种可以精确厘定现代性发展进程中诸领域分化与解分化之内在价值的规范性知识理论系统。

辩证融合与解分化:艺术批评矫枉回正的路径与美学向度

作为艺术学理论内部结构性失衡的重要表征,当下的艺术批评遭受到来自艺术实践和艺术研究的双重挤压,处于“边界失守”的危险境地。尤其是强力依托艺术理论的“深度阐释”,不仅因为抛弃了审美鉴赏而失去了艺术批评的鲜活性,而且还在相当程度上忽略了对艺术史的参照,导致了艺术批评实证性和价值导向的弱化甚至缺失。针对当下艺术批评出现的危机,探索和重构“史、论、评”辩证融合的新常态,应是艺术批评矫枉回正的重要路径。而所谓的“新常态”则是要充分发挥好艺术批评在艺术学理论专业内部的居间性融通作用,同时尝试在传承中国传统艺术美学精神的基础上,探索解分化的“对话式批评”。

论解分化作为艺术研究的思想视野——对重建艺术研究思想背景的一个简要考察

现代性分化在当代世界的解分化,从根本上造成了当前艺术理论的失效。这是一个比日常生活审美化远为浩大的历史进程。消费社会的生产逻辑与消费刺激的双重推动导致文化在基础领域的巨大膨胀,但是,这并不是当代社会的畸形发展,而是现代性分裂经由生产一消费的途径向生活世界的返回。它内在地受制于消费需求的制约并包含着理性发展的全部成果。因此,与众多思想家对消费社会的一味批判不同,回返意味着现代性分裂在更高层次上的和解。由于日常生活审美化创造了多方面和解的形式和机制,它为研究者提供了一个如何理解当代艺术价值的深度思想背景。

现代性分化与后现代解分化:文化生产方式的转型

本文以现代性社会的"分化"特征向消费社会"解分化"特征转变作为切入点,讨论当代文化生产的一些重要的转型情况。文章首先论述了现代性社会的"分化"特征,以及现代性文化生产方式。其次,阐释了消费社会与后现代对主体性分化的解分化特征。文化以物化的方式大规模突破民族国家的向心式生产和文化分化状态,推动了全球化进程,从而展开了世界体系的解分化进程。文章第三部分则谈到了解分化社会中的文化生产方式转型,认为生产方式的转型在美学上体现为审美消费和日常消费之间的解分化,交往层面则是文化的全球交往。最后,基于上述分析,文章得出结论:中国的文化发展战略应该充分考虑到当代社会文化生产方式的重要变化。

Rate Law for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Over CuO

Photocatalytic splitting of water over p-type semiconductors is a promising strategy for production of hydrogen.However,the determination of rate law is rarely reported.To this purpose,copper oxide(CuO)is selected as a model photocathode in this study,and the photogenerated surface charge density,interfacial charge transfer rate constant and their relation to the water reduction rate(in terms of photocurrent)were investigated by a combination of(photo)electrochemical techniques.The results showed that the charge transfer rate constant is exponential-dependent on the surface charge density,and that the photocurrent equals to the product of the charge transfer rate constant and surface charge density.The reaction is first-order in terms of surface charge density.Such an unconventional rate law contrasts with the reports in literature.The charge density-dependent rate constant results from the Fermi level pinning(i.e.,Galvani potential is the main driving force for the reaction)due to accumulation of charge in the surface states and/or Frumkin behavior(i.e.,chemical potential is the main driving force).This study,therefore,may be helpful for further investigation on the mechanism of hydrogen evolution over a CuO photocathode and for designing more efficient CuO-based photocatalysts.

Modified multiple-component scattering power decomposition for PolSAR data based on eigenspace of coherency matrix

A modified multiple-component scattering power decomposition for analyzing polarimetric synthetic aperture radar(PolSAR)data is proposed.The modified decomposition involves two distinct steps.Firstly,ei⁃genvectors of the coherency matrix are used to modify the scattering models.Secondly,the entropy and anisotro⁃py of targets are used to improve the volume scattering power.With the guarantee of high double-bounce scatter⁃ing power in the urban areas,the proposed algorithm effectively improves the volume scattering power of vegeta⁃tion areas.The efficacy of the modified multiple-component scattering power decomposition is validated using ac⁃tual AIRSAR PolSAR data.The scattering power obtained through decomposing the original coherency matrix and the coherency matrix after orientation angle compensation is compared with three algorithms.Results from the experiment demonstrate that the proposed decomposition yields more effective scattering power for different PolSAR data sets.

丙烯酸-2,4,6-三硝基苯乙酯的合成及热分解

以TNT、甲醛为原料,在弱碱性条件下反应合成得到2,4,6-三硝基苯乙醇(PicCH2CH2OH);PicCH2CH2OH在浓硫酸催化下和丙烯酸在甲苯中回流反应24h,合成得到丙烯酸-2,4,6-三硝基苯乙酯,产率为62%。采用紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)、核磁共振氢谱(1HNMR)、红外光谱(FTIR)、质谱(MS)以及元素分析等对产物结构进行了表征。利用热重分析(TG)对产物热稳定性进行了研究,采用Kissinger方法和Ozawa方法计算其热分解活化能Ea分别为99.78,102.96kJ·mol-1。

Kinetics analysis of decomposition of vanadium slag by KOH sub-molten salt method

A novel process was developed for the decomposition of vanadium slag using KOH sub-molten salt under ambient pressure, and the effects of reaction temperature, alkali-to-ore mass ratios, particle size, and stirring speed on vanadium and chromium extraction were studied. The results suggest that the reaction temperature and KOH-to-ore mass ratio are more influential factors for the extraction of vanadium and chromium. Under the optimal reaction conditions （temperature 180 °C, initial KOH-to-ore mass ratio 4：1, stirring speed 700 r/min, gas flow 1 L/min, and reaction time 300 min）, vanadium and chromium extraction rates can reach up to 95% and 90%, respectively. Kinetics analysis results show that the decomposing process of vanadium slag in KOH sub-molten salt can be well interpreted by the shrinking core model under internal diffusion control. The apparent activation energies for vanadium and chromium are 40.54 and 50.27 kJ/mol, respectively.

Fabrication of a monoclinic/hexagonal junction in WO_3 and its enhanced photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B

A series of WO3 samples with different crystalline phases were prepared by the thermal decomposition method from ammonium tungstate hydrate.X-ray diffraction（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,high-resolution transmission electron microscopy（HRTEM）,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and N2 adsorption-desorption were used to characterize the crystalline phase,morphology,particle size,chemical composition,and surface area of the WO3 samples.The formation of hexagonal（h-WO3） and monoclinic（m-WO3） crystal structures of WO3 at different temperatures or different times was confirmed by XRD.m-WO3 is formed at 600 ℃,while m-WO3 starts to transform into h-WO3 at 800℃.However,h-WO3,which forms at 800℃,may transform into m-WO3 by increasing the calcination temperature to 1000℃.SEM results indicate that m-WO3 particles exhibit a bulky shape with heavy aggregates,while h-WO3 particles exhibit a rod-like shape.Moreover,m-WO3 crystals are sporadically patched on the surface of the h-WO3 rod-like particles,resulting in the exposure of both m-WO3 and h-WO3 on the surface.It is observed that the monoclinic phase（m-WO3）/hexagonal phase（h-WO3） junction was fabricated by tuning the calcination temperature and calcination time.The relative ratios between m-WO3 and h-WO3 in the phase junction can readily be tailored by control of the calcination time.The photocatalytic activities of WO3 with different crystalline phases were evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B as a model pollutant.A higher photocatalytic activity was observed in the WO3 sample with the m-WO3/h-WO3junction as compared with the sample with only m-WO3.The improvement of photocatalytic activity can be attributed to the reduction of the electron-hole recombination rate owing to the formation of the phase junction,whose presence has been confirmed by HRTEM and photoluminescence spectra.

Kinetic model for calcium sulfate decomposition at high temperature

A modified shrinking unreacted-core model,based on thermogravimetric analysis,was developed to investigate CaSO4 decomposition in oxy-fuel combustion,especially under isothermal condition which is difficult to achieve in actual experiments due to high-temperature corrosion.A method was proposed to calculate the reaction rate constant for CaSO4 decomposition.Meanwhile,the diffusion of SO2 and O2,and the sintering of CaO were fully considered during the development of model.The results indicate that the model can precisely predict the decomposition of CaSO4 under high SO2 concentration（1100×10-6）.Concentrations of SO2 and O2 on the unreacted-core surface were found to increase first and then decrease with increasing temperature,and the average specific surface area and porosity of each CaO sintering layer decreased with increasing time.The increase of SO2 and/or O2 concentration inhibited CaSO4 decomposition.Moreover,the kinetics of CaSO4 decomposition had obvious dependence on temperature and the decomposition rate can be dramatically accelerated with increasing temperature.

Study on algorithms of low SNR inversion of T_2 spectrum in NMR

The method of regularization factor selection determines stability and accuracy of the regularization method. A formula of regularization factor was proposed by analyzing the relationship between the improved SVD and regularization method. The improved SVD algorithm and regularization method could adapt to low SNR. The regularization method is better than the improved SVD in the case that SNR is below 30 and the improved SVD is better than the regularization method when SNR is higher than 30. The regularization method with the regularization factor proposed in this paper can be better applied into low SNR （5〈SNR） NMR logging. The numerical simulations and real NMR data process results indicated that the improved SVD algorithm and regularization method could adapt to the low signal to noise ratio and reduce the amount of computation greatly. These algorithms can be applied in NMR logging.

Thermal decomposition of ammonium hexafluoroaluminate and preparation of aluminum fluoride

The thermal decomposition process of （NH4）3AlF6 was studied by DTA-TGA method and the related thermodynamic data were obtained. The results show that AlF3 is obtained after three-step decomposition reaction of （NH4）3AlF6, and the solid products of the first two decomposition reactions are NH4AlF4 and AlF3（NH4F）0.69, respectively. The three reactions occur at 194.9, 222.5 and 258.4 ℃, respectively. Gibbs free energy changes of pertinent materials at the reaction temperatures were calculated. Enthalpy and entropy changes of the three reactions were analyzed by DSC method. Anhydrous aluminum fluoride was prepared. The XRD analysis and mass loss calculation show that AlF3 with high purity can be obtained by heating （NH4）3AlF6 at 400 ℃ for 3 h.

碎片中的整体——试论微电影的生活世界总体化逻辑

微电影突破了传统电影制作单向性传播模式。作为交往关系界面的微电影,汇集了随意性、即时性、分散性的浅印象,同时指向深层的身份认同和观念整合,并随着不断的"微"循环和累积,形成一种"历史效果",进而改变参与者的思维方式和社会感知模式,潜在地影响社会价值理念和社会关系结构的变革。针对目前微电影同质化、奇观化等不良态势,本文试从生活世界总体性的立场,对微电影进行理论定位,借助交往范式的转换,为微电影的健康发展提出合理性建议。

N2O Decomposition over K-Ce Promoted Co-M-AI Mixed Oxide Catalysts Prepared from Hydrotalcite-like Precursors

A series of mixed oxide catalysts with different composition of Co-M-Al and Co-M-Ce- Al （M=Zn, Ni, Cu） were prepared by co-precipitation method from hydrotalcite-like compounds. The experimental results revealed the catalytic activity of Co-Ni-Al is slightly higher than that of Co-Zn-Al and much higher than that of Co-Cu-Al for direct decomposition of N2O. Moreover, addition of small amounts of Ce02 improved the catalytic activity signif- icantly and made the decomposition temperatures at which the N2O conversion was 50% and 90% （T50 and Tgo） both decreased 80 ℃ than those of Co-M-Al catalysts without CeO2 added. Further, potassium-load also promoted the catalytic activity, and the decomposi- tion temperatures of T50 and T90 both decreased approximately 50 ℃. It is significant for decomposing N2O from industries and reducing carbon emission from atmosphere.

Preparation of fibrous nickel powder by precipitation transformation coupled with thermal decomposition

Fibrous particulate precursor was obtained by precipitation transformation in the ternary solution system of ammonium oxalate, nickel chloride and ammonia. The composition and morphology of precursor were characterized by XRD, SEM, IR and DTA/TGA analyses. The results show that the chemical composition and morphology of precursor precipitates at pH=8.4？8.8 are different from those of precursor precipitates at pH=6.0, and the mechanisms of the thermal decomposition of the precursors are different. The effects of various conditions in the process of thermal decomposition, including precursor morphology, atmosphere, temperature and time on the morphology and dispersion degree of obtained nickel powders were studied in detail. The final product inherits the morphology of precursor when the thermal decomposition is conducted under a weakly reducing atmosphere at temperature range of 400？440 °C for 30 min. Fibrous nickel powder can be produced with good dispersion, and its shape changes from smooth, straight and compact fiber into loose and curved fiber with rough surface.

Thermal oxidation of two aviation synthetic lubricant base oils

The thermal degradation of two synthetic lubricants base oils, poly-a-olefins （PAO） and di-esters （DE）, was investigated under oxidative pyrolysis condition and their properties were characterized in simulated ＂areo-engine＂ by comparing the thermal stability and identifying the products of thermal decomposition as a function of exposure temperature. The characterization of the products were performed by means of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry （FTIR）, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry （GC/MS） and viscosity experiments. The results show that PAO has the lower thermal stability, being degraded at 200℃ different from 300 ℃ for DE. Several by-products are identified during the thermal degradation of two lubricant base oils. The majority of PAO products consist of alkenes and olefins, while more oxygen-contained organic compounds are detected in DE samples based on GC/MS analysis. The related reaction mechanisms are discussed based on the experimental results.

Non-isothermal thermal decomposition kinetics of high iron gibbsite ore based on Popescu method

The thermal decomposition kinetics of high iron gibbsite ore was investigated under non-isothermal conditions.Popescu method was applied to analyzing the thermal decomposition mechanism.The results show that the most probable thermal decomposition mechanism is the three-dimensional diffusion model of Jander equation,and the mechanism code is D3.The activation energy and pre-exponential factor for thermal decomposition of high iron gibbsite ore calculated by the Popescu method are 75.36 kJ/mol and 1.51×10-5 s-（-1）,respectively.The correctness of the obtained mechanism function is validated by the activation energy acquired by the iso-conversional method.Popescu method is a rational and reliable method for the analysis of the thermal decomposition mechanism of high iron gibbsite ore.

Electrodeposition of Cu_2O/g-C_3N_4 heterojunction film on an FTO substrate for enhancing visible light photoelectrochemical water splitting

An immobilized Cu2O/g-C3N4 heterojunction film was successfully made on an FTO substrate by electrophoretic deposition of g-C3N4 on a Cu2O thin film.The photoelectrochemical（PEC） performance for water splitting by the Cu2O/g-C3N4 film was better than pure g-C3N4 and pure Cu2O film.Under-0.4 V external bias and visible light irradiation,the photocurrent density and PEC hydrogen evolution efficiency of the optimized Cu2O/g-C3N4 film was-1.38 mA/cm^2 and 0.48 mL h^-1 cm^-2,respectively.The enhanced PEC performance of Cu2O/g-C3N4 was attributed to the synergistic effect of light coupling and a matching energy band structure between g-C3N4 and Cu2O as well as the external bias.

Purification and Characterization of Flammulin,a Basic Protein with Anti-tumor Activities from Flammulina velutipes

Aim To purify and characterize flammulin, a basic protein with anti-tumoractivities. Methods Ammonium sulfate, ethanol fractionation and column chromatography were used forseparation and purification. Electrophoretic analysis, amino acid analysis, and MS of flammulin werecarried out. Results Flammulin was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity and crystallized. With amolecular mass of 19891.13 Da, pI 8.9, λ_(max) = 276 - 278 nm, λ_(min) = 250 nm, flammulin wascharacterized by its lack of methionine. Fingerprint mapping of flammulin was determined by MALDI-MSfollowing in-gel protease digestion; no close matches were identified. Conclusion Flammulin waspurified to electrophoretic homogeneity, and its characteristics are discussed for the first time.