Dynamic hierarchy description and constraint rules of flexibility workflow

A dynamic hierarchical description method for workflow is presented. The method provides a dynamic hierarchical way to define a workflow with non-determinate or dynamic factors. With this method, the main process defined at build-time can be reified and extended by the principle of the sub-organizations at either the build-time or the run-time. To ensure the consistency and integrity of the description, a series of constraint rules are also discussed to realize seamless integration between a decomposed process and its original one. This approach supports the description of unpredictable uncertainties, the dynamic hierarchy of business process, and the dynamic modification of enterprise organizations, and all of these improve the flexibility and extendability of workflow management systems dramatically.

邮政产品更需要推销──“市场经济与邮政”随笔之六

邮政产品是无形的服务产品，基于产品的“无形”特点，说明必须更加重视产品的宣传和推销。把潜在的用邮需求变为实际的用邮行为，关键在于“推销”。

平台的未来

在大多数时候,发布PC Magazine的测试结果就象是在看一场两小时长的故事片,而我们只注意少数几个画面。但本次我们完成测试开始编写报告时,呈现在我们眼前的完全是一组新的产品。我们所写的只是一晃眼的印象。同Notes Release 4相关产品也不例外。 因为Notes管理员总想领先于时代。

On the Experience, Problems in Science and Technology Services of Basic Scientific Research Institutes and Suggestions——Taking Zhenjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Hilly Areas of Jiangsu as an Example

Taking the Jiangsu Province as Zhenjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Hilly Areas of an example, the paper elaborated the advanced practices of agricultural research institutes in agricultural science and technology services and analyzed the difficulties and solutions in the services. process of science and technologyservices.

Task Decomposition Technique's Deduction and Application of Product Developing Process in Concurrent Engineering

Task decomposition is a kind of powerful technique increasingly being used within industry as a pathway for achieving product's developing success. In this paper, topology's concept in modern mathematics is used for task decomposition technique's deduction in product developing process. It puts fonvard the views of resolvability, measurability and connectivity of tasks and their practi-cal principles. Combined with an example of developing the typical mechanical product, it ex-plains the implementing method of task decomposition in Concurrent Engineering (CE).

Isolation and Characterization of a Bensulfuron-Methyl-Degrading Strain L1 of Bacillus

The objectives of this study were to isolate a bensulfuron-methyl （BSM）-degrading strain of Bacillus spp. and to evaluate its effectiveness in remediation of a BSM-contaminated soil. A BSM-degrading bacterium, strain L1, was successfully isolated in this study. Strain L1 was identified as Bacillus megaterium based on its morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties, G＋C content, phylogenetie similarity of 16S rDNA, and fatty acid composition. Two experiments were used to examine BSM degradation by strain L1. When BSM was used as a sole carbon source in a mineral salt medium, the average degradation rate of BSM by strain L1 was 12.8%, which suggested that the strain was able to utilize BSM as a sole carbon and energy source. Supplement of yeast extract （200 mg L^-1） significantly （P ≤ 0.01） accelerated the degradation of BSM by strain L1. Ahnost complete degradation （97.7%） of BSM could be achieved in 84 h with addition of yeast extract. In addition, in a sterile soil with 50 mg L^-1 BSM, BSM degradation rate by strain L1 was 94.3% in 42 d, indicating the potential of using microbes for the remediation of BSM-contaminated soils in fields.

Current status and challenges of typhoon forecasting and warning systems in China

China is one of the countries most severely suffering from tropical cyclones. The exact and timely forecasting and warning is of significant importance in fighting against tropical cyclones and mitigating their impacts on China. The numerical weather prediction （NWP） system for tropical cyclone rainfall and strong wind is going to play a more and more important role. There is also a need for timely and user friendly modem warning services in order to provide the governments and relevant authorities at all levels and general public with typhoon forecasts and information about the associated disasters and response strategy services.

An Extended Policy Language for Role Resolution in Project-Oriented Workflow

HP defines an SQL-like language to specify organizational policies (or constraints) in workflow systems. Three types of policies were studied including qualification, requirements and substitution policies which can not handle complex role resolution such as Separation of Roles and Binding of Roles, and several exception situations, such as Role Delegation and Role Unavailable. From the perspective of project-oriented workflow, a project and its sub-projects can be under the charge of teams (or virtual teams). The teams should satisfy the role resolution of the projects managed by the team. To support the above requirements, based on team-enabled organization model, this paper extended HP’s policy language to support the role resolution in project-oriented workflow, and provided its modeling and enforcement mechanism.

Hybrid Detection and Tracking of Fast-Flux Botnet on Domain Name System Traffic

Fast-flux is a Domain Name System(DNS)technique used by botnets to organise compromised hosts into a high-availability,loadbalancing network that is similar to Content Delivery Networks(CDNs).Fast-Flux Service Networks(FFSNs)are usually used as proxies of phishing websites and malwares,and hide upstream servers that host actual content.In this paper,by analysing recursive DNS traffic,we develop a fast-flux domain detection method which combines both real-time detection and long-term monitoring.Experimental results demonstrate that our solution can achieve significantly higher detection accuracy values than previous flux-score based algorithms,and is light-weight in terms of resource consumption.We evaluate the performance of the proposed fast-flux detection and tracking solution during a 180-day period of deployment on our university’s DNS servers.Based on the tracking results,we successfully identify the changes in the distribution of FFSN and their roles in recent Internet attacks.

The Modem Business Reporting Dimension Including the Reports of the Supervisory Board

This paper is of conceptual nature. The considerations are based on literature studies and empirical research carried out in 2009 and 2011 among the members of supervisory board in Polish public companies. The purpose of this article is to present a new business reporting model extended by the supervisory board＇s reports. The part of this article, which is based on the literature research, clarifies the scope of modem business reporting, being a part of a company＇s information system. This article includes management commentary proposal prepared by the International Accounting Standards Board （IASB）. The authors proposed a supplement to the management commentary which is a global model of disclosures accompanying financial statements. According to the concept presented in this article, information prepared and disclosed by managers in financial statements and management commentaries are parts of a larger reporting system-corporate reporting supply chain. This paper mainly proposes an extension of a modem company＇s information system with a new channel of communication, such as supervisory board＇s reports. This article explains the role of a supervisory board associated with the conception. In the prepared conception, supervisory board becomes an active reviewer of management action. Moreover, it is also an active participant in the chain of corporate reports. Deliberations presented in this article are the voices in the debate on the shape of the modem business reporting.

New Developments in Maritime Communications： a Comprehensive Survey

This paper summarizes the requirements for modem maritime wireless communication networks in the marine environments including the sea- to-sea and sea-to-shore communication scenarios. The existing maritime wireless communication sys- tems are presented and the development of the state-of-the-art maritime communication systems is surveyed. Furthermore, a hierarchical and integrated maritime network architecture is proposed to satisfy the increasing various classes of services which demand different Quality of Service （QoS）. Finally, the open issues for further development of maritime communications are identified.

The Kitchen： An Architectural Mirror of Everyday Life and Societal Development

This paper is part of a research project that analyses trends in housing architecture over the past 100 years. The research aims toshow how changing norms and new forms of everyday life have altered our views on housing and have led to fundamental changes in housing architecture. In this paper the analysis focuses particularly on the kitchen. A hundred years ago tile kitchen of the bourgeoisie and the middleclass was only used by servants and other employees. Accordingly, the design of the kitchen was not a task for architects at all. However, during the 20th century the kitchen became an important architectural focal point. In the early part of the century architects considered it a practical workspaceto beimproved through rational analysis. Later on the kitchen was seen as a space with great social qualities, and the informal character of the kitchen was developed and exported to the rest of the dwelling. Today the kitchen has become the central space in many dwellings, but as the dwelling is increasingly being rendered representative value, modem kitchens are designed with emphasis on their aesthetic appearance. They are ＂life-style kitchens＂, which demonstrate the ＂good taste＂ of the residents and reflect their personalities.

How Does the Diffusion Dynamics Reconnect the Magnetic Field？

We clarify how magnetic reconnection can be derived from magnetohydrodynamics （MHD） equations in a way that is easily understandable to university students. The essential mechanism governing the time evolution of the magnetic field is diffusion dynamics. The magnetic field is represented by two components. It is clarified that the diffusion of a component causes agene ration of another component that is initially zero and, accordingly, that the magnetic force lines are reconnected. For this reconnection to occur correctly, the initial magnetic field must be directed oppositely in the two regions, e.g., y 〉 0 and y 〈 O; must be concave （convex） for y 〉 0 （y 〈 0）; and must be saturated foryfar from the x axis, which would indicate the existence of the current sheet. It will be clear that our comprehension based on diffusion runs parallel to the common qualitative explanation about the magnetic reconnection.

Overview and Lessons from More Than a Decade of Feeder Life Management

This paper provides an overview of the degradation in CANDU^a （Canadian Deuterium Uranium） feeders in operating plants observed from the mid 1990s onward. The degradation has been dominated by feeder wall thinning, caused by FAC （flow accelerated corrosion） and feeder cracking. This paper summarizes the industry＇s response to the discovery of these two degradation mechanisms and the methodologies, tools and technologies developed to monitor the degradation and assess the continued fitness for service to manage the plant life. This paper identifies some of the lessons gained from more than a decade of industry effort, and discusses how these lessons are being implemented in the refurbished and new CANDU plants. CANDU^a is a registered trademark of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited.

Impact of public name resolving services on Akamai

To enhance user perceived performance,Akamai' s content distribution network(CDN) utilizes the domain name system(DNS) effectively to redirect users to close-by content replicas over short time scale.The use of DNS redirection has brought a significant advantage to Akamai' s CDN.However,the reliance on DNS also poses a fundamental threat to Akamai' s content distribution model.In particular,systematic evaluation and quantification illustrates the impact of recent emerging public DNS resolving services on Akamai' s CDN,including the degradation of corresponding user perceived performance and the benefit damnification of collaborating internet services providers(ISPs) that host Akamai's edge servers.The measurement demonstrates that a considerable penetration of public DNS resolving services(e.g.,OpenDNS and GoogleDNS) effectively corrupts the Akamai' s serving model,namely the large-scale server distribution and quick DNS redirection.

Formal Method of Service Oriented Functional Decomposition

Main goal of this paper is to discuss specific problem which is occurring during the creation of modem complex soRware systems, particularly at the design stage. Many of modem architectural styles are promoting building composite software systems compounded with reusable and flexible units. Because of high speed of contemporary software system evolution which is related to initial process changes, it is very significant to have ability to do related refactoring tasks. Sometimes, when structure if software system is monolithic, modification process takes a long time and in worse cases it is impossible. On the other hand flexible composite systems are easy to govern. Our work is related to complex process decomposition into small simple sub-processes at the architectural level of designing stage.

Natural Ageing Tests to Study In-service Different Facade Solutions--ETICS and Premixed One-Coat Rendered Walls

In situ testing provides accurate characterization of existing degradation mechanisms of materials and building systems which helps reducing the subjectivity of visual inspections especially when ageing under natural ageing conditions is carried out over significant periods of time. In this work, data collected from field experimental campaigns over 10 years after construction using several premixed one-coat rendered walls and over 4 and 6 years after construction in the case of ETICS （external thermal insulation composite systems） are presented and discussed. The influence of hydrophobic agents on the performance of both types of facades in terms of surface condition and water penetration was assessed by visual inspections, Karsten test and capillary tests. Additionally, adhesion tests and subsequent evaluation of porosity were also carried out for premixed one-coat mortars. The results obtained have shown that ageing of the rendering solutions, especially after 5 or 6 years in-service, results from the loss of resistance to liquid water penetration, especially at the surface. Yet, additional mechanisms such as leaching of hydrophobic agents and photochemical degradation are thought to be involved, too. Moreover, the results obtained using the Karsten test proved to be the most reliable method to determine the loss of water penetration resistance and predict the ageing of facade solutions. The information collected and the correlations established can help developing solutions to prevent early ageing and implement appropriate maintenance plans to delay their effect.

Holistic Approaches for Renovation of Large Housing Areas in Japan

Social imbalance and obsolescence of the built environment has emerged in large sized housing estates in metropolises. In particular, the requirement of such planned housing areas has not matched public service provided by the infrastructure. On not only physical but also social aspect of local communities of this kind of housing area have a lot of problems while it also has a lot of good characteristics. A representative one is that age of the tenants is rising very swiftly and it makes the local community imbalanced. Nowadays many countries including Japan have tackled problems concerning housing estates constructed during the mass housing era and try to search for ways to reactivate so-called new town areas by utilisation of existing environmental resources such as building stock and ample green open space. In Japan many elemental technologies have been developed in order to utilise existing building stock. However, how to combine these technologies and new holistic methods for reactivation are still underdeveloped. Therefore, it is very important to fred these ways and to make a comprehensive plan for rehabilitation of these areas. The first purpose of our study is to develop and clarify how to organise and integrate many kinds of elemental techniques and the holistic measures for the improvement of both social and physical environment in suburban mass housing estates. Subsequently we try to reorganise proper relations between human settlements and the various service provision for those regions. Our last focus is put on searching for new ways to raise the value of existing housing environment. Our conclusion intends to indicate important of the master plan and its execution, where mass housing estates progress for the physical and social improvement.

Supply chain management research directions for future development

With the rapid development of electronic commerce, supply chain management is facing more and more new challenges. Therefore, it is particularly important to study the development of clear direction of supply chain. However, the supply chain is composed of different interest subjects, each subject in order to achieve the maximization of their own interests and adopt different measures, is a complex, huge system, has brought the huge challenge to the supply chain management. In this paper, the research on Supply Chain Management in the current situation, characteristics and the modem supply chain management are summarized, and combined with new challenges of supply chain management to predict future research direction is the development of supply chain management, in order to make the supply chain management to the greatest extent satisfy the consumer e-commerce mode increasingly popular.

A manifold approach to generating iso-scallop trajectories in three-axis machining

A novel approach of iso-scallop trajectory generation for smooth manifold surfaces has been developed. Firstly,by defining homeomorphism mapping relations and differentiable structures,the smooth manifold surface is mapped into several Euclidean planes,thus its trajectory generation can be decomposed into planar curve-filling tasks. Secondly,in the generation of direction-parallel trajectories,the calculation of the cutting interval and the curvature is given,depending on the generation of the first curve in the projection view. Thirdly,after automatic adherences of inverse projection curves,the filled curves are mapped into the original surface inversely to form trajectories. Although the required trajectories are iso-scallop,the trajectory intervals are variable according to the curvature changes at the projection point,which is advantageous to improving the trajectory quality. The proposed approach has appealing merits of dimensionality reduction,which decreases the algorithm complexity. Finally,numerical and machining examples are given to illustrate its feasibility and validity.