双向开放式创新、吸收能力和解吸能力对企业研发投入强度的影响研究

以中国高技术产业分地区面板数据为样本,对内外型开放式创新、吸收能力和解吸能力对研发投入强度的影响进行实证研究。研究结果表明:内外型开放式创新均对研发投入有正向影响;吸收能力和解吸能力均对研发投入有正向作用;企业研发人员比重对投入强度有负向影响;如果申请专利数量与研发投入强度之间的长期均衡关系产生偏离,误差修正项将以-0.7007的力度对两者之间的关系进行调整。

基于解吸能力的外向型技术转移研究框架——以网络嵌入性为视角

在开放式创新研究的基础上,从网络嵌入性的视角,探索外向型开放式创新中技术转移的机制和影响因素,揭示了解吸能力在整个技术转移过程中的作用机制,构建了外向型技术转移研究框架,为企业实践外向型技术转移和创新提供了理论基础。

表面活性剂对煤层气解吸能力的影响

在煤层气开采过程中使用的入井流体都添加了不同类型的表面活性剂,不仅对煤储层的表面性质产生影响,还影响煤层气的解吸能力。因此,室内使用两种不同的煤样以及不同的表面活性剂开展了表面张力和接触角以及煤层气常压、变压解吸实验评价,结果表明:表面活性剂的加入使溶液表面张力明显降低,其中复配表面活性剂FP-GA的效果最好,质量浓度为0.5%时能使表面张力降低至22.6 m N/m;阴离子表面活性剂AS-02降低煤样表面接触角的效果最好,能使硬煤和软煤表面的接触角分别降低至9°和12°;使用表面活性剂处理后硬煤和软煤的常压、变压解吸量均明显增大,其中复配表面活性剂FP-GA使两种煤样常压和变压解吸量的提升幅度最大,能显著提高煤层气的解吸能力。这主要是表面活性剂可以通过降低表面张力和改变煤岩表面润湿性的方式来降低煤层气解吸时的毛细管阻力,从而起到增大煤层气解吸量的效果,为煤层气开发过程合理使用表面活性剂提供一定的借鉴。

知识产权外部商业化驱动因素与商业化绩效关系研究——基于解吸能力的中介效应

通过对295家样本企业有效调查问卷数据,运用结构方程模型实证研究知识产权外部商业化驱动因素与外部商业化绩效的作用机制,并重点探讨了企业解吸能力的中介效应。结果表明:商业化动机、合作伙伴对商业化绩效均有显著的正向影响,而组织结构对商业化绩效则具有显著的负向影响;商业化动机、组织结构、技术市场对解吸能力有显著的正向影响;解吸能力对商业化绩效有显著的正影响;解吸能力在商业化动机、组织结构与商业化绩效之间起部分中介作用,而在技术市场与商业化绩效之间则具有完全中介作用。本文研究结论不仅拓展了知识产权外部商业化驱动因素与商业化绩效的理论研究领域,同时为中国企业实施知识产权外部商业化活动提供实践指导。

煤的非均匀势阱分布及其对甲烷吸附/解吸的影响

为了研究煤的非均匀势阱分布及其对甲烷吸附/解吸过程的影响,在吸附科学和分子动力学理论基础上建立了非均匀势阱模型。该模型可以表征煤的吸附/解吸性能以及精确计算出煤体内不同势阱所对应的势阱数量。为了验证非均匀势阱模型对煤的吸附/解吸性能方面的表征能力的准确性,将其与Langmuir模型分别对甲烷吸附/解吸过程进行拟合,再将拟合数据和等温吸附线的相关系数分别进行比较。结果表明,非均匀势阱模型在表征煤体的吸附/解吸性能方面更优。在研究煤体内的势阱分布时,发现煤在不同温度压力下对甲烷的吸附/解吸过程中,煤体内的势阱分布出现明显差异。在分析煤的势阱规律时,发现在吸附阶段煤体内的势阱数量比解吸阶段多,但解吸过程中煤的平均势阱深度比吸附过程大。并且平均势阱深度随着煤阶的降低而降低。在吸附阶段势阱数量集中在某个势阱深度的范围内,但在解吸阶段势阱数量的分布相较而言就更分散。在同一温度下,势阱数量随着煤阶的降低而减少。从势阱分布来看,在相同温度下,高煤阶煤的势阱分布方差明显比低煤阶煤的势阱分布方差要大得多。温度上升会使得平均势阱深度随着温度的升高而下降。对于同一煤阶而言,温度的变化对5~15 kJ/mol内的势阱深度影响更大,且这种现象在低阶煤中更为明显。研究发现,势阱深度较大的势阱更能抵抗温度变化对其产生的影响。在煤体加热或加压过程中,甲烷吸附/解吸率的非线性变化是由势阱的不均匀性引起的。

煤储层的气体解吸特性研究

作者研究了气体在煤储层内的解吸特征 ,并分析了煤储层气体解吸特征与物质组成、煤阶和孔隙结构的关系。孔隙结构 (孔隙孔容、比表面积的分布与孔隙封闭性 )决定了压差在煤储层系统内的传递 ,微孔孔容和比表面积越大 ,压差越难以在煤储层内传递 ,进而降低气体解吸效率和解吸率 ;煤储层中镜质组含量的增加以及煤阶的增高 ,会在一定程度上导致储层中微孔孔容和比表面积的增加 ,因此 。

大兴煤矿岩浆侵入对煤体性质的影响研究

为了研究铁法煤田大兴煤矿岩浆侵入对煤体性质的影响,选取至火成岩岩墙不同距离的7个煤样,对煤样进行了镜质组反射率、工业分析、压汞、吸附常数、放散初速度等试验及测定。结果表明:岩浆侵入使煤体变质程度增加,即随着与岩浆距离的不断减少,镜质组反射率逐渐变大,煤体从长焰煤过渡到焦煤,同时煤体灰分急剧增加,水分、挥发分和固定碳含量均逐渐减小;随着与岩浆距离的不断减少,总孔容、总比表面积以及孔隙率均是先增加后减少,同时岩浆侵入的影响主要体现在微孔方面。随着与岩墙距离的减少,煤体的极限吸附量和瓦斯放散初速度均是先逐渐增加后快速减少。

沁水盆地南部高煤级煤储层孔隙分形特征

以沁水盆地南部的20个高煤级煤样品的压汞实验和煤岩煤质分析的结果为依据,探讨了孔隙分形维数的计算方法,分析了盆地南部地区高煤级煤孔隙分形特征。研究表明,高煤级煤孔隙分形无标度区为50nm^100μm,孔隙分维数在2.94~3.21,孔隙分维数与煤变质程度、孔隙度、大孔含量、体积中值孔径呈负相关关系,与中孔含量、吸附孔含量、退汞效率、灰分产率呈正相关关系,而固定碳含量、镜质组质量分数、挥发份产率、兰氏体积则以孔隙分维数3.05为拐点呈双U形或倒双U形变化。孔隙分维数可以作为反映高煤级煤储层吸附能力和解吸能力的一个重要参数,并依据孔隙分维数划分出该区富气易解吸区、富气难解吸区及含气解吸区。

开放式创新下“吸收-解吸”能力与跨界搜索的关系

跨界搜索在开放创新环境下的重要性日益突出。但基于开放式创新情境从前因角度探索吸收/解吸能力对跨界搜索的影响尚缺乏系统研究。本文在前人研究基础上,剖析和完善了开放式创新下的吸收与解吸能力,运用实证方法对两种能力与跨界搜索之间的关系进行测量检验。研究发现,在开放式创新环境下,吸收能力和解吸能力均对跨界搜索产生正向影响,但由于创新源的扩大和知识复杂性的增加,吸收能力与解吸能力的各维度对于跨界搜索的影响存在差异,而且二者交互并不能对跨界搜索产生一致的正向或负向影响。所以,必须在深入剖析知识复杂性基础上,细致平衡吸收与解吸能力各维度,才能有助于提高跨界搜索成功率。

基于竞争吸附的页岩气藏提高采收率机理

为研究注CO_2提高页岩气藏采收率的机理以及确定合理的注入参数,以页岩吸附解吸实验为基础,对比了页岩自然降压开采和在不同注入压力、注入速率下注CO_2开采页岩气藏的实验结果,研究了降压开采和注CO_2开采2种方式下CH_4的采气速率和采收率的变化。结果表明,在相同实验条件下,CO_2吸附能力最强,CH_4次之,N_2最弱,N_2解吸能力最强,CH_4次之,CO_2最弱;3种气体的等温解吸曲线相对于等温吸附曲线均存在一定的滞后,CO_2的滞后现象最为明显;降压开采的采收率较低,注CO_2可以有效提高CH_4的采气速率,延长稳产时间,使累计产气量快速增长;在一定注入压力和注入速率范围内,CH_4采收率随着CO_2注入压力和注入速率的增加而增加,但其增加幅度因岩心孔隙度和渗透率的不同而有所不同。

我国低煤阶煤层气地面开发产气潜力研究

为深入研究我国低阶煤的地面煤层气开发潜力,采用等温吸附试验,结合量子化学计算方法、煤层气藏数值模拟手段、工程应用实践结果,对我国低阶煤地面产气机理及潜力进行了深入的研究和探讨。结果表明:低阶煤虽然煤层气含量低,但由于气体解吸能力较强,在排水降压时仍可有很大比例气体解吸产出;同时由于煤层厚度大,煤层渗透性较好,地面抽采具有比较大的产气潜力;在铜川区块4口地面煤层气试验井稳产气量超过1 000 m^3/d,实现了国内低阶煤地区煤层气井的工业性气流,验证了我国低阶煤地面煤层气开发具有很大的潜力,今后应加快开发步伐、加强开发力度。

大豆的贮藏特性及方法

1贮藏特性 易吸湿生霉。大豆含有较多的蛋白质和脂肪，蛋白质属亲水胶体，吸湿性能极强（破碎粒吸湿性能更强），加之大豆种皮和子叶之间有较大的空隙，种皮的珠孔也较大，所以吸附和解吸能力均很强。在相对湿度较高（90％以上）时，大豆的吸湿性比玉米、小麦都强，而在相对湿度较低（70％以下）时，其吸湿性则低于玉米和小麦。

大豆的储藏应用技术要点

一、大豆储藏时的突出特点 （一）在湿度高时吸湿强，湿度低时吸湿弱 大豆含有较高的蛋白质（40％左右），又含有较多的脂肪（20％左右）。蛋白质是一种亲水物质，在潮湿的条件下极易吸水，加以大豆种皮的珠孔较大，所以吸附和解吸能力很强。

Freeze-thaw Effects on Sorption/Desorption of Dissolved Organic Carbon in Wetland Soils

The effects of freeze-thaw cycles on sorption/desorption of dissolved organic carbon （DOC） in two wetland soils and one reclaimed wetland soil were investigated. DOC concentrations added were 0-600 mg/L. Laboratory incubations of sorption/desorption of DOC had been carried out at -15℃ for 10 h, and then at ＋5℃ for 13 h. Soil samples were refrozen and thawed subsequently for 5 cycles. Initial Mass model was used to describe sorption behavior of DOC. The results indicate that freeze-thaw cycles can significantly increase the sorption capacity of DOC and reduce the desorption capacity of DOC in the three soils. The freeze-thaw effects on desorpfion of DOC in soils increase with the increasing freeze-thaw cycles. The conversion of natural wetlands to soybean farmland can decrease the sorption capacity and increase the desorption capacity of DOC in soils. Global warming and reclamation may increase DOC release, and subsequently increase the loss of carbon and the emission of greenhouse gas.

Phosphorus Sorption-desorption Characteristics of Ditch Sediments from Different Land Uses in a Small Headwater Catchment in the Central Sichuan Basin of China

Investigation of phosphorus (P) sorption-desorption characteristics of drainage ditch sediments is important for better understanding on sediment P transport behaviors in ditches. Surface ditch sediment samples were collected from headwater sub-catchment of forestland, sloping cropland, paddy field, and residential area in a representative catchment in the central Sichuan Basin. These sediment samples were used for determination of P sorption-desorption characteristics by a batch equilibrium technique. Results showed that the maximum P sorption capacities (Qm) in the sediments ranged from 159.7 to 263.7 mg/kg, while higher Qm were observed in the ditch sediments from the paddy fields. The Qm was significantly and positively correlated with oxalate-extractable Fe and Al oxides (r=0.97 and 0.98, p < 0.01), clay fraction (r = 0.78, p < 0.05) and organic matter (r = 0.95, p < 0.01). Sediment pH, clay and organic matter influenced the P sorption through amorphous Fe and Al oxides. CaCO3 content was negatively correlated with the Qm (r = -0.83, p < 0.05), implying that saturated CaCO3 (> 50 g/kg) would not increase P sorption capacity in the ditch sediments. The ditch sediments featured a linear desorption curve, suggesting that P release risk would be enhanced with the increase of the P adsorption. The P desorption rate was positively correlated with Olsen P (r = 0.94, p < 0.01), but negatively related to the fine particle-size fractions (r = -0.92, p < 0.01), the sum of the amorphous Fe and Al oxides (r = -0.67, p < 0.05) and the P sorption capacity (r = -0.59, p < 0.05). The ditch sediments from residential area had a higher P release risk than that from the other ditches of forestland, sloping cropland and paddy field. The P sorption index (PSI) derived from single-point measurement was significantly correlated with the P sorption capacity (r = 0.99, p < 0.01), and could be used for estimating Qm as 1.64 times PSI plus 24.0 (Qm = 1.64 PSI + 24.0) for similar sediments with highly calcareous soils and sediments. Ditch cleaning and sediment removal for the ditch in residential area were recommended in this area to reduce the P release risk.

Temperature Effect on Boron Adsorption-Desorption Kinetics in Soils

The effect of temperature on the properties of boron adsorption-desorption in brown-red soil, yellowbrown soil and calcareous alluvial soil of Hubei Province was investigated with the mobile displacement technique. The experimental data of B adsorption-desorption amounts and reaction t line at 25 and 40℃ were fitted by the zero-order, first-order and parabolic diffusion kinetic equations. The adsorption process was in conformity with the parabolic diffusion law at both the temperatures, and the values of rate constant of the parabolic diffusion equation in B adsorption were 0.138, 0.124 and 0.105 mg kg-1 min-1/2 at 25℃, and 0.147, 0.146 and 0.135 mg kg-1 min-1/2 at 40℃ for the brown-red soil, yellow-brown soil, and calcareous alluvial soil, respectively. The relationship between amount of B desorption and reaction time could be well described by the first-order kinetic equation, and the corresponding values of rate constant were 0.0422, 0.0563 and 0.0384 min-1 at 25℃, and 0.0408, 0.042 3 and 0.0401 min-1 at 40℃ for the brown-red soil, the yellow-brown soil and the calcareous alluvial soil, respectively. Therefore, the desorption process of B might be related to the amount of B adsorbed in soil. The higher the temperature, the lower the amount of B adsorption for the same soil in the same reaction time. The values of the apparent activation energy of B adsorption in the three soils calculated with the rate constants of parabolic diffusion equation were 3.27, 8.44 and 12.99 kJ mol-1, respectively, based on the experimental data of B adsorption amounts and reaction time at 25 and 40℃.

Effect of an electrostatic field on gas adsorption and diffusion in tectonic coal

The characteristics of adsorption, desorption, and diffusion of gas in tectonic coal are important for the prediction of coal and gas outbursts. Three types of coal samples, of which both metamorphic grade and degree of damage is different, were selected from Tongchun, Qilin, and Pingdingshan mines. Using a series of experiments in an electrostatic field, we analyzed the characteristics of gas adsorption and diffusion in tectonic coal. We found that gas adsorption in coal conforms to the Langmuir equation in an electrostatic field. Both the depth of the adsorption potential well and the coal molecular electroneg- ativity increases under the action of an electrostatic field. A Joule heating effect was caused by changing the coal-gas system conductivity in an electrostatic field. The quantity of gas adsorbed and AP result from competition between the depth of the adsorption potential well, the coal molecular electronegativ- ity, and the Joule heating effect. △P peaks when the three factors control behavior equally. Compared with anthracite, the impact of the electrostatic field on the gas diffusion capacity of middle and high rank coals is greater. Compared with the original coal, the gas adsorption quantity,△P, and the gas diffusion capacity of tectonic coal are greater in an electrostatic field. In addition, the smaller the particle size of tectonic coal, the larger the△P.

Hydrogen storage behaviours of nanocrystalline and amorphous Mg_(20)Ni_(10-x)Co_x(x=0-4) alloys prepared by melt spinning

The Mg2Ni-type alloys with nominal compositions of Mg20Ni10-xCox(x=0,1,2,3,4,%,mass fraction) were prepared by melt-spinning technology.The structures of the alloys were studied by XRD,SEM and HRTEM.The hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics and the electrochemical performances of the alloys were measured.The results show that no amorphous phase forms in the as-spun Co-free alloy,but the as-spun alloys containing Co show a certain amount of amorphous phase.The hydrogen absorption capacities of the as-cast alloys first increase and then decrease with the incremental change of Co content.The hydrogen desorption capacities of as-cast and spun alloys rise with increasing Co content.The melt spinning significantly improves the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation capacities and kinetics of the alloys.The substitution of Co for Ni clearly enhances the discharge capacities of the alloys and the cycle stability of the as-spun alloys.

INVESTIGATION OF THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN WATER AND MODIFIED SILICA GEL BY IGC AND TPD

In this work, the thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption of water vapor on untreated silica gel and silica gel treated with hygroscopic salts and silane coupling agent were determined by lnverse Gas Chromatography （IGC） in the infinite dilution region. The desorption activation energies of the water vapor on virgin and modified silica gels were estimated by using the Temperature Programmed Desorption （TPD） technique. The interactions between the water and the virgin and modified silica gels were discussed. Results showed that the thermodynamic parameters and desorption activation energy of water vapour on the silica gels increase with decreasing pore size and increasing the surface hydrophilic properties. The desorption activation energy of virgin and modified silica gels was found to increase with increasing the thermodynamic parameters. The larger the adsorption parameters and the desorption activation energy were, the interactions between water and virgin and modified silica gels were.

Adsorption and Desorption of Phenol on XDA-1 Macroreticular Resin

The adsorption properties of phenol on XDA-1 resin were studied by chemical analysis and IR spectrometry.The statically saturated adsorption capacity,dynamic saturated adsorption capacity,apparent activation energy,thermodynamic parameters,and adsorption rate constants were measured at different temperatures.As a result,adsorption of phenol on the resin obeys the Freundlich formula.And phenol was recovered quantitatively when ethanol,acetone or 1.0 mol/L sodium hydroxide were used to desorb it from the column.