For classifying unknown 3-D objects into a set of predetermined object classes, a part-level object classification method based on the improved interpretation tree is presented. The part-level representation is implem...For classifying unknown 3-D objects into a set of predetermined object classes, a part-level object classification method based on the improved interpretation tree is presented. The part-level representation is implemented, which enables a more compact shape description of 3-D objects. The proposed classification method consists of two key processing stages： the improved constrained search on an interpretation tree and the following shape similarity measure computation. By the classification method, both whole match and partial match with shape similarity ranks are achieved; especially, focus match can be accomplished, where different key parts may be labeled and all the matched models containing corresponding key parts may be obtained. A series of experiments show the effectiveness of the presented 3-D object classification method.展开更多
A litter bag study of needle (Abies veitchii Lindl. and A. mariesi Mast.) and leaf litter (Betula ermanii Cham. and B. corylifolia Regal. et Maxim.) conducted in a coniferous forest of Mt. Ontake, Japan showed the sim...A litter bag study of needle (Abies veitchii Lindl. and A. mariesi Mast.) and leaf litter (Betula ermanii Cham. and B. corylifolia Regal. et Maxim.) conducted in a coniferous forest of Mt. Ontake, Japan showed the similar qualities of two type litters in later stages (after the 30th month). Although the difference in remaining mass between the two litters was larger in later stage of decomposition and initial concentration of nutrients was different. The concentrations of carbon (C) fraction and nutrients between the two types of litter tended to similar in the later stages. The similar concentration trend of nutrients was due to different mechanisms. Nitrogen (N) was due to immobilization of fungi and binding with lignin. K and Mg were leaching elements. They were very easily affected in leaching process. In the later stage, they reached a similar concentration because of a balance with the soil concentration. Ca is a construction element, so its behavior has closely related to that of C fractions. Moreover, C fractions were lignified or humuified and remained similar in later stage, Ca was also became similar in concentration in the later stage.展开更多
Ionic liquid (IL) trihexyl (tetradecyl) phosphonium bis 2,4,4-trimethylpentylphosphinate (Cyphos IL 104) was impregnated on XAD-7 resin. The solvent impreganated resin (SIR) was prepared and applied in Cr(VI) removal....Ionic liquid (IL) trihexyl (tetradecyl) phosphonium bis 2,4,4-trimethylpentylphosphinate (Cyphos IL 104) was impregnated on XAD-7 resin. The solvent impreganated resin (SIR) was prepared and applied in Cr(VI) removal. The morphology and the thermal stability of the resins were explored. The effects of equilibrium time and initial pH value on Cr(VI) adsorption were investigated. Adsorption isotherm, separation and desorption of the SIR, and selectivity of SIR were also explored. The results show that Cyphos IL 104 exists in the inner XAD-7 resin, and the optimum pH value range of the SIR for Cr(VI) extraction is 0 to 2. When NaOH used as desorption solution, the Cr(VI) can be effectively desorbed from the SIR.展开更多
Let G be a graph and A be a subset of the edges of G. A frame decomposition of G is a pair (G-A,A) such t ha t G-A is connected. A smooth frame decomposition of G is a frame decompo sition satisfying the two conditi...Let G be a graph and A be a subset of the edges of G. A frame decomposition of G is a pair (G-A,A) such t ha t G-A is connected. A smooth frame decomposition of G is a frame decompo sition satisfying the two conditions: (1) Every leaf of G-A has a connected cotree and (2) The set of bridges of G-B(G-A) is A, where B(G-A) is the set of bridges of G-A. An efficient algorithm on finding a smooth frame decompositi on of a graph is provided.展开更多
With the development and decreasing cost of sequencing techniques, it is possible for scientists to conduct deeper research in phylogenomics. During the procedure of phylogenomic analysis, the mostimportant and vitale...With the development and decreasing cost of sequencing techniques, it is possible for scientists to conduct deeper research in phylogenomics. During the procedure of phylogenomic analysis, the mostimportant and vitalest step is orthology prediction, for that the prerequisite to phylogenetic reconstruction is that the genes being compared are orthologous. Here we briefly review the related concept of orthology anddifferent methods for orthology prediction. We also provide recommendations to give some advice for better selection of orthology prediction methods.展开更多
The leaf thickness, stratum corneum thickness, epidermis thickness, palisade tissue thickness and sponge tissue thickness of Streblus asper leaves at different ages were observed by using paraffin section technology a...The leaf thickness, stratum corneum thickness, epidermis thickness, palisade tissue thickness and sponge tissue thickness of Streblus asper leaves at different ages were observed by using paraffin section technology and optical microscopic observation to explore the anatomic adaptive response mechanism to drought stress, also to provide a theoretical basis for S. asper introduction. The results showed that under drought stress, various parts of S. asper leaf anatomy showed some characteristics adapted to water environment. Leaf palisade tissue cells became shorter, increasing from 1-2 layers to 2-3 layers; sponge cells were arranged in neat and compact long column shape, and the upper and down epidermis were thickened. The upper and down epidermis produced more trichomes to resist stress. After rehydration, leaf porosity increased and trichomes had a corresponding reduction. The principal component analysis showed that the stratum corneum thickness, leaf thickness and palisade were available to describe the impact of stress and rehydration on different ages of S. asper leaf anatomy. Under drought stress, S. asper leaf stratum corneum thickness and leaf thickness increased and leaves returned to normal after rehydration. Middle and top leaves were better than basal leaves in response to drought stress sensitivity.展开更多
Froth flotation of scheelite has regained new focus since the 2010s and research regarding floatability and reagents has made great progress over the years. The main objective was and remains the selective flotation o...Froth flotation of scheelite has regained new focus since the 2010s and research regarding floatability and reagents has made great progress over the years. The main objective was and remains the selective flotation of scheelite from other calcium-bearing minerals, in particular calcite, fluorite and apatite. Due to similar properties, most attempts have limited success or only specific application(linked to a type of ore or a location). This article aims at reviewing all general physical-chemical information on froth flotation of scheelite, including electrokinetic properties, influence of p H and already existing reagents as well as ones still under examination. It appears that chelating or mixed collectors and modified versions of sodium silicate and quebracho hold great promise for scheelite flotation, while the use of said depressants and/or promoters seems inevitable.展开更多
Objective： To investigate the antitumor activity of tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells vaccine in RM-1 prostate cancer mice model with the survival time of mice calculated and the tumor size measured in DC vaccine t...Objective： To investigate the antitumor activity of tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells vaccine in RM-1 prostate cancer mice model with the survival time of mice calculated and the tumor size measured in DC vaccine therapy. Methods： C57BL/6 mice were immunized on the dorsal flank by s.c. inoculation of Lysate-DC, ova-DC, and non-DC on day -7. On day 0, 2× 10^6cells of RM-1 tumor cells （H-2b） were injected s.c. in C57BL/6 mice pre-treated by s.c. inoculation of modified DCs, correspondingly. DTH assay was performed with modified DCs. In partial test, for the determination of which immune cells were required for antitumor activity, mice were immunodepleted of CD4, CDS, or natural killer （NK） NK1.1 cells with the corresponding monoclonal antibodies. The survival time of nude mice loaded with tumor cells was calculated and the size of tumor measured. Results： In RM-1 mice prostate cancer model, immunized with lysate-DC, compared with ova-DC and non-DC, the pre-infection vaccine resulted in 100% clearance of primary tumors, whereas on day 0 of injection vaccine cleared 40-60% of primary tumors. On day 0, C57BL/6 mice （H-2b） were immunized with Lysate-DC, compared with ova-DC and non-DC by caudal vein injection, then on day 15, RM-1 cells were inoculated. On day 30, average diameters of tumor in different groups of modified DC were 23.7±5.4 mm, 22.1±4.9 mm, 4.3±2.6 mm, respectively. Lysate-DC, compared with ova-DC and non-DC, can greatly depressed RM-1 tumor cell growth （P〈0.01）. The mean survival time of C57BL/6 mice in Lysate-DC, ova-DC and non-DC groups were 15.8±2.6, 16.6±3.2, 39.0±5.6, respectively, and there was a significant difference in the mean survival time in lysate-DC group between ova-DC and non-DC group （P〈0.01）. DTH test showed that lysate-DC could prime T lymphocyte and elicit tumor antigen specific immune response, and over 80% mice in groups of lysate-DC showed obvious swelling in their foot pad. This response was strengthened with repeating inoculation, whereas DTH response was not seen in control group. In vivo depletion of NK cells resulted in a 40-60% reduction in growth suppression within the primary tumor, and depletion of CD4^＋ cells resulted in a 20% reduction in growth suppression. Conclusion： The minor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells vaccine could elicit antitumor activity in RM-1 loaded C57BL/6 mice, and prolong the duration of RM-1 loaded C57BL/6 mice. So DC-based immunotherapy with hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma yielded protective immunity, generated efficient cellular antitumor responses, thereby providing further preclinical support for feasible immunotherapy approaches for prostate cancer.展开更多
Dynamical patterns of mineral elements during decomposition processes were investigated for seven common canopy species in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest by means of litterbag technique over 2 years. The ...Dynamical patterns of mineral elements during decomposition processes were investigated for seven common canopy species in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest by means of litterbag technique over 2 years. The species studied are representative for the vegetation in the study area and differed significantly in chemical qualities of their litter. No significant relationships were found between decomposition rate （percentage dry mass remaining and decomposition constant k） and initial element cuncentrations.However, there were significant correlations betweeu the percentage of dry mass remaining and the mineral element concentrations in the remaining litter for most cases. The rank of the element mobility in decomposition process was as follows： Na = K 〉 Mg ≥ Ca 〉 N ≥ Mn ≥ Zn ≥ P 〉 Cu 〉〉 Al 〉〉 Fe. Concentrations of K and Na decreased in all species as decomposition proceeded. Calcium and Mg also decreased in concentrntion but with a temporal increase in the initial phase of decomposition, while the concentrations of other elements （Zn, Cu, AL and Fei increased for all species with exception of Mn which revealed a different pattern in different species. In most species, microelements （Cu, Al, and Fe） significantly increased in absolute amounts at the end of the litterbag incubation, which could be ascribed to a lange extent to the mechanism of abiotic fixation to humic substances rather than biological immobilization.展开更多
基金The National Basic Research Program of China(973Program)(No2006CB303105)the Research Foundation of Bei-jing Jiaotong University (NoK06J0170)
文摘For classifying unknown 3-D objects into a set of predetermined object classes, a part-level object classification method based on the improved interpretation tree is presented. The part-level representation is implemented, which enables a more compact shape description of 3-D objects. The proposed classification method consists of two key processing stages： the improved constrained search on an interpretation tree and the following shape similarity measure computation. By the classification method, both whole match and partial match with shape similarity ranks are achieved; especially, focus match can be accomplished, where different key parts may be labeled and all the matched models containing corresponding key parts may be obtained. A series of experiments show the effectiveness of the presented 3-D object classification method.
文摘A litter bag study of needle (Abies veitchii Lindl. and A. mariesi Mast.) and leaf litter (Betula ermanii Cham. and B. corylifolia Regal. et Maxim.) conducted in a coniferous forest of Mt. Ontake, Japan showed the similar qualities of two type litters in later stages (after the 30th month). Although the difference in remaining mass between the two litters was larger in later stage of decomposition and initial concentration of nutrients was different. The concentrations of carbon (C) fraction and nutrients between the two types of litter tended to similar in the later stages. The similar concentration trend of nutrients was due to different mechanisms. Nitrogen (N) was due to immobilization of fungi and binding with lignin. K and Mg were leaching elements. They were very easily affected in leaching process. In the later stage, they reached a similar concentration because of a balance with the soil concentration. Ca is a construction element, so its behavior has closely related to that of C fractions. Moreover, C fractions were lignified or humuified and remained similar in later stage, Ca was also became similar in concentration in the later stage.
基金Project (51174184) sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (2012CBA01202) supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject (KGZD-EW-201-1) supported by the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Ionic liquid (IL) trihexyl (tetradecyl) phosphonium bis 2,4,4-trimethylpentylphosphinate (Cyphos IL 104) was impregnated on XAD-7 resin. The solvent impreganated resin (SIR) was prepared and applied in Cr(VI) removal. The morphology and the thermal stability of the resins were explored. The effects of equilibrium time and initial pH value on Cr(VI) adsorption were investigated. Adsorption isotherm, separation and desorption of the SIR, and selectivity of SIR were also explored. The results show that Cyphos IL 104 exists in the inner XAD-7 resin, and the optimum pH value range of the SIR for Cr(VI) extraction is 0 to 2. When NaOH used as desorption solution, the Cr(VI) can be effectively desorbed from the SIR.
文摘Let G be a graph and A be a subset of the edges of G. A frame decomposition of G is a pair (G-A,A) such t ha t G-A is connected. A smooth frame decomposition of G is a frame decompo sition satisfying the two conditions: (1) Every leaf of G-A has a connected cotree and (2) The set of bridges of G-B(G-A) is A, where B(G-A) is the set of bridges of G-A. An efficient algorithm on finding a smooth frame decompositi on of a graph is provided.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (J0930005,30970350,31071959)
文摘With the development and decreasing cost of sequencing techniques, it is possible for scientists to conduct deeper research in phylogenomics. During the procedure of phylogenomic analysis, the mostimportant and vitalest step is orthology prediction, for that the prerequisite to phylogenetic reconstruction is that the genes being compared are orthologous. Here we briefly review the related concept of orthology anddifferent methods for orthology prediction. We also provide recommendations to give some advice for better selection of orthology prediction methods.
基金Supported by the Special Fund for the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation of Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Qiongnongyuan No.[2013]32)~~
文摘The leaf thickness, stratum corneum thickness, epidermis thickness, palisade tissue thickness and sponge tissue thickness of Streblus asper leaves at different ages were observed by using paraffin section technology and optical microscopic observation to explore the anatomic adaptive response mechanism to drought stress, also to provide a theoretical basis for S. asper introduction. The results showed that under drought stress, various parts of S. asper leaf anatomy showed some characteristics adapted to water environment. Leaf palisade tissue cells became shorter, increasing from 1-2 layers to 2-3 layers; sponge cells were arranged in neat and compact long column shape, and the upper and down epidermis were thickened. The upper and down epidermis produced more trichomes to resist stress. After rehydration, leaf porosity increased and trichomes had a corresponding reduction. The principal component analysis showed that the stratum corneum thickness, leaf thickness and palisade were available to describe the impact of stress and rehydration on different ages of S. asper leaf anatomy. Under drought stress, S. asper leaf stratum corneum thickness and leaf thickness increased and leaves returned to normal after rehydration. Middle and top leaves were better than basal leaves in response to drought stress sensitivity.
基金the financial support of the Optim Ore projectthe European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 642201
文摘Froth flotation of scheelite has regained new focus since the 2010s and research regarding floatability and reagents has made great progress over the years. The main objective was and remains the selective flotation of scheelite from other calcium-bearing minerals, in particular calcite, fluorite and apatite. Due to similar properties, most attempts have limited success or only specific application(linked to a type of ore or a location). This article aims at reviewing all general physical-chemical information on froth flotation of scheelite, including electrokinetic properties, influence of p H and already existing reagents as well as ones still under examination. It appears that chelating or mixed collectors and modified versions of sodium silicate and quebracho hold great promise for scheelite flotation, while the use of said depressants and/or promoters seems inevitable.
基金Supported by medical funds of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission
文摘Objective： To investigate the antitumor activity of tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells vaccine in RM-1 prostate cancer mice model with the survival time of mice calculated and the tumor size measured in DC vaccine therapy. Methods： C57BL/6 mice were immunized on the dorsal flank by s.c. inoculation of Lysate-DC, ova-DC, and non-DC on day -7. On day 0, 2× 10^6cells of RM-1 tumor cells （H-2b） were injected s.c. in C57BL/6 mice pre-treated by s.c. inoculation of modified DCs, correspondingly. DTH assay was performed with modified DCs. In partial test, for the determination of which immune cells were required for antitumor activity, mice were immunodepleted of CD4, CDS, or natural killer （NK） NK1.1 cells with the corresponding monoclonal antibodies. The survival time of nude mice loaded with tumor cells was calculated and the size of tumor measured. Results： In RM-1 mice prostate cancer model, immunized with lysate-DC, compared with ova-DC and non-DC, the pre-infection vaccine resulted in 100% clearance of primary tumors, whereas on day 0 of injection vaccine cleared 40-60% of primary tumors. On day 0, C57BL/6 mice （H-2b） were immunized with Lysate-DC, compared with ova-DC and non-DC by caudal vein injection, then on day 15, RM-1 cells were inoculated. On day 30, average diameters of tumor in different groups of modified DC were 23.7±5.4 mm, 22.1±4.9 mm, 4.3±2.6 mm, respectively. Lysate-DC, compared with ova-DC and non-DC, can greatly depressed RM-1 tumor cell growth （P〈0.01）. The mean survival time of C57BL/6 mice in Lysate-DC, ova-DC and non-DC groups were 15.8±2.6, 16.6±3.2, 39.0±5.6, respectively, and there was a significant difference in the mean survival time in lysate-DC group between ova-DC and non-DC group （P〈0.01）. DTH test showed that lysate-DC could prime T lymphocyte and elicit tumor antigen specific immune response, and over 80% mice in groups of lysate-DC showed obvious swelling in their foot pad. This response was strengthened with repeating inoculation, whereas DTH response was not seen in control group. In vivo depletion of NK cells resulted in a 40-60% reduction in growth suppression within the primary tumor, and depletion of CD4^＋ cells resulted in a 20% reduction in growth suppression. Conclusion： The minor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells vaccine could elicit antitumor activity in RM-1 loaded C57BL/6 mice, and prolong the duration of RM-1 loaded C57BL/6 mice. So DC-based immunotherapy with hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma yielded protective immunity, generated efficient cellular antitumor responses, thereby providing further preclinical support for feasible immunotherapy approaches for prostate cancer.
文摘Dynamical patterns of mineral elements during decomposition processes were investigated for seven common canopy species in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest by means of litterbag technique over 2 years. The species studied are representative for the vegetation in the study area and differed significantly in chemical qualities of their litter. No significant relationships were found between decomposition rate （percentage dry mass remaining and decomposition constant k） and initial element cuncentrations.However, there were significant correlations betweeu the percentage of dry mass remaining and the mineral element concentrations in the remaining litter for most cases. The rank of the element mobility in decomposition process was as follows： Na = K 〉 Mg ≥ Ca 〉 N ≥ Mn ≥ Zn ≥ P 〉 Cu 〉〉 Al 〉〉 Fe. Concentrations of K and Na decreased in all species as decomposition proceeded. Calcium and Mg also decreased in concentrntion but with a temporal increase in the initial phase of decomposition, while the concentrations of other elements （Zn, Cu, AL and Fei increased for all species with exception of Mn which revealed a different pattern in different species. In most species, microelements （Cu, Al, and Fe） significantly increased in absolute amounts at the end of the litterbag incubation, which could be ascribed to a lange extent to the mechanism of abiotic fixation to humic substances rather than biological immobilization.
